{ "model": { "rank": 1323, "code": "thing-q9296", "model_id": "vr.tr.macedonian", "name": "Macedonian", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Macedonian language and its dialects, relay its status, structure and history from linguistic and official sources, present disputes over its name and status neutrally with positions attributed, and route to entries for specific dialects.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q9296/", "tier": 2, "score": 156, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Lower Polog dialect", "Central Macedonian dialects", "Southwestern Macedonian dialects", "Southern Macedonian dialects", "Prilep-Bitola dialect", "Kostur dialect", "Debar dialect", "Skopje-Veles dialect", "Upper Prespa dialect", "Western Macedonian dialects", "Kriva Palanka dialect", "Kumanovo dialect", "Standard Macedonian" ], "aliasCount": 13, "merged": 13, "knownIn": 156, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q9296", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9296", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T03:59:38Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q9296", "registryId": "vr.tr.macedonian", "name": "Macedonian", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9296/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.macedonian", "name": "Macedonian", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Macedonian language and its dialects, relay its status, structure and history from linguistic and official sources, present disputes over its name and status neutrally with positions attributed, and route to entries for specific dialects.", "definition": "A South Slavic language spoken by about 2 million people, the official language of North Macedonia, closely related to Bulgarian and part of the Eastern South Slavic dialect continuum, standardised in 1945 on central dialects such as the Prilep-Bitola dialect, with dialect groups including the Lower Polog, Central, Southwestern, Southern and Kostur dialects extending into neighbouring countries, written in a Cyrillic alphabet, and marked by a definite article suffix, loss of cases and a rich verb system; its status and name have been disputed by some neighbouring states.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a language.", "affordances": [ "explain the language and dialects", "relay status and structure", "present disputes neutrally", "route to specific dialects" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Definite article suffix", "Case loss", "Antepenultimate stress", "Contested status" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; written in Macedonian Cyrillic.", "visual_identification": [ "Eastern South Slavic language of North Macedonia", "Standard based on Prilep-Bitola; Lower Polog, Central, Southwestern, Southern and Kostur dialects", "Bulgarian is the closest relative; Ancient Macedonian was an unrelated ancient language" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "speakers", "typical_range": "about 2", "unit": "million", "note": "estimates" }, { "quantity": "standardised", "typical_range": "1945", "unit": "year", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "alphabet letters", "typical_range": "31", "unit": "count", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "standard Macedonian", "Western dialects including Prilep-Bitola, Lower Polog and Southwestern dialects", "Central dialects", "Eastern dialects", "Southern dialects including Kostur and other varieties in Greece", "diaspora Macedonian" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "South Slavic", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is closely related to", "target": "Bulgarian language", "why": "in a dialect continuum" }, { "relation": "is official in", "target": "North Macedonia", "why": "since 1945" }, { "relation": "is written in", "target": "Macedonian alphabet", "why": "a Cyrillic script" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ISO 639-1", "value_or_pattern": "mk", "note": "" }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "mkd", "note": "" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Constitution and language law of North Macedonia", "1945 codification and orthographic rules", "Minority language provisions in neighbouring countries", "Unicode Cyrillic" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Presenting the language and name disputes as settled", "Confusing with Ancient Macedonian", "Conflating dialects with the standard" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What Macedonian is.", "rationale": "Linguistics.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is Macedonian, and how is it classified within South Slavic?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the modern Slavic language, a dialect or Ancient Macedonian?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dialects", "name": "Dialects", "description": "Dialects.", "findings": [ { "id": "dialects-finding", "name": "Dialects", "description": "Dialects.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the Lower Polog, Central, Southwestern, Southern, Prilep-Bitola and Kostur dialects differ?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific dialect?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "structure", "name": "Structure", "description": "Grammar and writing.", "rationale": "Linguistics.", "layers": [ { "id": "grammar", "name": "Grammar", "description": "Grammar.", "findings": [ { "id": "grammar-finding", "name": "Grammar", "description": "Grammar.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the main features of Macedonian phonology and grammar, including the article suffix and verb system?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "writing", "name": "Writing", "description": "Alphabet and standard.", "findings": [ { "id": "writing-finding", "name": "Writing", "description": "Writing.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was the alphabet and standard codified in 1945?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Macedonian alphabet?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Status and disputes.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "official", "name": "Official", "description": "Official status.", "findings": [ { "id": "official-finding", "name": "Official", "description": "Official.", "questions": [ { "text": "What status does Macedonian hold in North Macedonia and as a minority language elsewhere?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disputes", "name": "Disputes", "description": "Disputes.", "findings": [ { "id": "disputes-finding", "name": "Disputes", "description": "Disputes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What positions have Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia and linguists taken on the language name and status, with each attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and literature.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Macedonian develop from Old Church Slavonic dialects through Misirkov to codification?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of the Macedonian language?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "literature", "name": "Literature", "description": "Literature.", "findings": [ { "id": "literature-finding", "name": "Literature", "description": "Literature.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the major works of Macedonian literature and folk tradition?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Macedonian literature?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the dialect groups be separate entries?", "How should linguistic references be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Macedonian, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the Macedonian language and its dialects, relay its status, structure and history from linguistic and official sources, present disputes over its name and status neutrally with positions attributed, and route to entries for specific dialects.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Lower Polog dialect, Central Macedonian dialects, Southwestern Macedonian dialects, Southern Macedonian dialects, Prilep-Bitola dialect, Kostur dialect, Debar dialect, Skopje-Veles dialect, Upper Prespa dialect, Western Macedonian dialects, Kriva Palanka dialect, Kumanovo dialect.", "13 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 156 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Macedonian, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Lower Polog dialect", "Central Macedonian dialects", "Southwestern Macedonian dialects", "Southern Macedonian dialects", "Prilep-Bitola dialect", "Kostur dialect", "Debar dialect", "Skopje-Veles dialect", "Upper Prespa dialect", "Western Macedonian dialects", "Kriva Palanka dialect", "Kumanovo dialect" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 156 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 13 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Macedonian from another, and a Macedonian from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Macedonian, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Macedonian, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Macedonian is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Macedonian, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Macedonian, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Macedonian is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Macedonian sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Macedonian, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Macedonian, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Macedonian is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Macedonian from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Macedonian, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Macedonian, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Macedonian is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Macedonian passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Macedonian between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Macedonian, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Macedonian, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Macedonian is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Macedonian, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Macedonian is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Macedonian, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Macedonian, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Macedonian is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Macedonian says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Macedonian contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Macedonian, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Macedonian, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Macedonian is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Macedonian and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Macedonian, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Macedonian, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Macedonian is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Macedonian a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Macedonian, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Macedonian exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Macedonian and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Macedonian, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Macedonian, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Macedonian came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Macedonian and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Macedonian, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Macedonian, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Macedonian is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Macedonian is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Macedonian, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Macedonian, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Macedonian is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }