{ "model": { "rank": 10289, "code": "thing-q931309", "model_id": "vr.tr.medical-imaging", "name": "medical imaging", "purpose": "Let an agent explain imaging methods in general terms, including safety, preparation and access to images, without interpreting individual scans or giving personal medical advice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q931309/", "tier": 2, "score": 45, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "X-ray mammograph", "X-ray detector", "flat-panel detector", "computer tomography X-ray", "cardiac imaging", "respiratory-gated imaging techniques", "gated blood-pool imaging", "radionuclide ventriculography", "myelography", "hysterosalpingography", "tomosynthesis", "first-pass ventriculography", "radiomics", "medical imaging in pregnancy", "non-contact thermography", "picture archiving and communication system", "diagnostic imaging of the hand", "Meibography", "dacryocystography", "scintigraphy", "bioimaging", "optic disc topography", "Medical open network for AI", "postmortem imaging", "optical coherence microscopy", "elastography", "radionuclide scan", "chest photofluorography", "encephalography", "endocast", "breast imaging", "OCT Biomicroscopy", "vaginogram", "voltage-sensitive dye", "dacryoscintigraphy", "optical imaging", "CT pulmonary angiogram", "gastric emptying scan", "arthrogram", "cholangiography" ], "aliasCount": 69, "merged": 69, "knownIn": 45, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q931309", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T13:55:32Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q931309", "registryId": "vr.tr.medical-imaging", "name": "medical imaging", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q931309/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.medical-imaging", "name": "medical imaging", "purpose": "Let an agent explain imaging methods in general terms, including safety, preparation and access to images, without interpreting individual scans or giving personal medical advice.", "definition": "Techniques for creating images of the inside of the body for diagnosis and treatment, including X-ray radiography, mammography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound and nuclear medicine imaging such as PET and SPECT, each with different uses, risks and preparations.", "what_it_is_for": "Diagnosis, screening and guiding treatment.", "affordances": [ "explain how imaging methods work", "understand radiation dose and MRI safety in general terms", "prepare for a scan", "request copies of images and reports" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Non-invasive or minimally invasive", "Several physical principles", "Some use ionising radiation", "Interpreted by specialists" ], "appearance": "Scanners, X-ray machines and ultrasound probes, producing grayscale or colour images.", "visual_identification": [ "CT and MRI scanners", "X-ray films and digital images", "Endoscopy uses cameras inside the body" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "X-ray and mammography", "computed tomography", "magnetic resonance imaging", "ultrasound", "nuclear medicine imaging" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "medical test", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "X-ray detector", "why": "equipment" }, { "relation": "is interpreted by", "target": "radiologist", "why": "specialist" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "refraction", "why": "physics of ultrasound and optics" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "EU Basic Safety Standards Directive for medical exposures", "MRI safety guidance", "DICOM standard for medical images" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Unnecessary radiation exposure", "MRI hazards with implants or metal", "Agents interpreting personal scans" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "methods", "name": "Methods", "description": "Modalities.", "rationale": "Methods differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "how", "name": "How", "description": "Principles.", "findings": [ { "id": "how-finding", "name": "How", "description": "How it works.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does this imaging method create images, in general terms?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What is it typically used for?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "compare", "name": "Compare", "description": "Choosing modalities.", "findings": [ { "id": "compare-finding", "name": "Compare", "description": "Comparison.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do CT, MRI and ultrasound differ in what they show?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Who decides which test is appropriate?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Risks.", "rationale": "Safety rules apply.", "layers": [ { "id": "radiation", "name": "Radiation", "description": "Dose.", "findings": [ { "id": "radiation-finding", "name": "Radiation", "description": "Radiation dose.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much radiation does this type of scan involve, compared with background radiation, according to health authorities?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What precautions apply in pregnancy?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mri", "name": "MRI", "description": "MRI safety.", "findings": [ { "id": "mri-finding", "name": "MRI", "description": "MRI safety.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the person have an implant, pacemaker or metal fragments that must be declared before MRI?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Who should they inform?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "patient", "name": "Patient", "description": "Preparation and records.", "rationale": "Patients can prepare.", "layers": [ { "id": "prepare", "name": "Prepare", "description": "Preparing.", "findings": [ { "id": "prepare-finding", "name": "Prepare", "description": "Preparation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What preparation does the imaging department recommend for this scan?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How long does it take?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "images", "name": "Images", "description": "Copies and reports.", "findings": [ { "id": "images-finding", "name": "Images", "description": "Images and reports.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can a patient obtain copies of images and reports?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking the agent to interpret their scan?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "services", "name": "Services", "description": "Screening and access.", "rationale": "Access varies.", "layers": [ { "id": "screening", "name": "Screening", "description": "Programmes.", "findings": [ { "id": "screening-finding", "name": "Screening", "description": "Screening.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which imaging screening programmes, such as breast screening, are offered here?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who is eligible?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "urgent", "name": "Urgent", "description": "Urgent symptoms.", "findings": [ { "id": "urgent-finding", "name": "Urgent", "description": "Urgent symptoms.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the person have urgent symptoms that need emergency care rather than a scheduled scan?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Should they call emergency services?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each modality be a separate entry?", "How should dose information be linked?", "How should screening programmes be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a medical imaging, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain imaging methods in general terms, including safety, preparation and access to images, without interpreting individual scans or giving personal medical advice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: X-ray mammograph, X-ray detector, flat-panel detector, computer tomography X-ray, cardiac imaging, respiratory-gated imaging techniques, gated blood-pool imaging, radionuclide ventriculography, myelography, hysterosalpingography, tomosynthesis, first-pass ventriculography.", "69 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 45 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a medical imaging, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "X-ray mammograph", "X-ray detector", "flat-panel detector", "computer tomography X-ray", "cardiac imaging", "respiratory-gated imaging techniques", "gated blood-pool imaging", "radionuclide ventriculography", "myelography", "hysterosalpingography", "tomosynthesis", "first-pass ventriculography" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 45 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 69 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one medical imaging from another, and a medical imaging from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a medical imaging, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a medical imaging, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a medical imaging is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a medical imaging, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a medical imaging, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a medical imaging is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a medical imaging sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a medical imaging, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a medical imaging, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a medical imaging is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a medical imaging from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a medical imaging, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a medical imaging, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a medical imaging is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a medical imaging passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a medical imaging between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a medical imaging, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a medical imaging, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a medical imaging is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a medical imaging, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a medical imaging is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a medical imaging, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a medical imaging, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a medical imaging is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a medical imaging proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a medical imaging, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a medical imaging and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a medical imaging, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a medical imaging, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a medical imaging is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a medical imaging consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a medical imaging takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a medical imaging, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a medical imaging, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a medical imaging is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What medical imaging is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of medical imaging are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is medical imaging operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of medical imaging and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of medical imaging?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as medical imaging?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a medical imaging came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a medical imaging and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a medical imaging, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a medical imaging, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a medical imaging is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a medical imaging is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a medical imaging, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a medical imaging, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a medical imaging is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }