{ "model": { "rank": 2765, "code": "thing-q93208", "model_id": "vr.tr.emu", "name": "Emu", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an emu, assess its condition and circumstances, and determine appropriate observation, care or management actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q93208/", "tier": 2, "score": 97, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 97, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.emu-quantity", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q93208", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93208", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:39:53Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00453016, "turns": 1, "seconds": 64.9, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 76.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07ba7-9998-76f1-ac9d-3449d19165fe\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Emu\nRegistry id: vr.tr.emu\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model say" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q93208", "registryId": "vr.tr.emu", "name": "Emu", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q93208/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.emu", "name": "Emu", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an emu, assess its condition and circumstances, and determine appropriate observation, care or management actions.", "definition": "The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) is a large, flightless ratite endemic to mainland Australia, second only to the ostrich in living bird mass, and the sole extant species of Dromaius.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, life stage, physical condition, behaviour, reproductive state and immediate environmental relationships of an individual living emu, provisionally understood as Dromaius novaehollandiae.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification and the evidence supporting it", "Age class, individual identity and sex determination with recorded uncertainty", "Flightless locomotion, body condition and observable welfare", "Feeding, drinking, habitat use and interactions with nearby animals or people", "Breeding, male incubation and chick-care relationships" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Population trends and species-wide conservation assessments", "Habitat ecosystems, land ownership and landscape management", "Farm operations, commercial production and product supply chains", "Veterinary diagnoses, prescriptions and treatment protocols", "Standalone egg, specimen, carcass or biological-sample records", "Legal permits and jurisdiction-specific wildlife management rules" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A large flightless bird with very small wings and three toes on each foot supports identification as an emu over an ostrich, which has two toes.", "An adult with shaggy brown plumage and no prominent head casque supports identification as an emu over a cassowary; immature birds require additional evidence.", "Against a rhea, assess the combination of shaggy plumage, very small wings and head-and-neck appearance; three toes alone do not distinguish them.", "Longitudinal striping on a chick is compatible with emu identification but is insufficient alone; record associated adults or other corroborating evidence.", "Australian location supports a wild emu identification but does not establish it; captive birds and uncertain sightings require morphological evidence." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Species identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "confirmed | probable | unresolved; supporting evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents uncertain ratite sightings from receiving species-specific handling or care assumptions." }, { "name": "Individual identity basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented identifier | repeat visual recognition | temporarily distinguished | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether observations can reliably be combined into a history." }, { "name": "Life stage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "chick | juvenile | adult | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Changes identification cues, dependence, nutritional interpretation and management needs." }, { "name": "Sex determination", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "male | female | undetermined; method and confidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of breeding roles without treating size or appearance as conclusive." }, { "name": "Body mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg; observation date and measurement method", "why_it_matters": "A reliable trend can inform condition assessment when interpreted alongside life stage and reproductive activity." }, { "name": "Gait and weight bearing", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "apparently normal | asymmetric | reluctant to move | unable to bear weight | unobserved", "why_it_matters": "Leg and foot function are central to this flightless bird's movement and access to resources." }, { "name": "Feeding and drinking activity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observed intake | reduced relative to baseline | no intake observed | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes documented intake from absence of observation and supports contextual assessment." }, { "name": "Reproductive role", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "courtship | laying | incubating | tending chicks | no activity observed | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Male incubation and chick care affect the interpretation of inactivity, feeding and approach behaviour." }, { "name": "Dependent association", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "associated chicks, attending adult or nest; evidence and observation time", "why_it_matters": "Helps avoid separating dependent chicks from their attending adult." }, { "name": "Living context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "free-ranging | managed enclosure | rehabilitation | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Determines which environmental interventions are feasible and who has responsibility." } ], "affordances": [ "Observe and document identification evidence while retaining alternative identifications.", "Monitor gait, intake and condition over time using comparable observations.", "Identify immediate barriers to movement, water access or safe withdrawal.", "Assess whether an approach or proposed relocation could disrupt incubation or chick care.", "Refer concerning observations to an appropriate wildlife carer, keeper or veterinarian.", "Propose context-appropriate environmental changes, with handling or relocation dependent on expertise and authority." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "birdlife-emu", "title": "Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) species factsheet", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Species identity, range, and IUCN Least Concern status as the living mainland emu.", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "iucn-emu", "title": "Dromaius novaehollandiae", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Global conservation status, population trend, and taxonomic treatment of the living species.", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "abares-emu", "title": "Emu farming in Australia", "url": "https://www.agriculture.gov.au/", "what_it_supports": "Commercial farming of emus for oil, meat and leather under Australian agricultural practice.", "url_status": "unverified" }, { "id": "cites-emu", "title": "Appendices I, II and III", "url": "https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php", "what_it_supports": "That the living emu is not CITES-listed, unlike some other ratites and extinct island forms treated historically.", "url_status": "blocked" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "emu-identification", "name": "Emu identification", "description": "Establish whether the observed bird is an emu and whether later observations concern the same individual.", "rationale": "Ratite similarities and age-dependent appearance can otherwise lead to incorrect care assumptions or merged histories.", "layers": [ { "id": "ratite-distinction", "name": "Ratite distinction", "description": "Evaluate observable features against plausible alternative identifications.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-feature-combination", "name": "Diagnostic feature combination", "description": "Record the visible combination of toes, wings, plumage and head features, including features that could not be observed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed features distinguish this bird from an ostrich, cassowary or rhea?", "kind": "definition", "id": "diagnostic-feature-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Are age, image quality or viewing angle preventing a confident identification?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnostic-feature-combination-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "individual-and-life-stage", "name": "Individual and life stage", "description": "Connect observations to an individual while accounting for changes from striped chick to adult.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-and-development-evidence", "name": "Identity and development evidence", "description": "Keep individual recognition, estimated life stage and sex determination tied to their evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What identifier or documented distinguishing features support recognising this same emu again?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-and-development-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports its life stage and any recorded sex, and which remain uncertain?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-and-development-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flightless-mobility", "name": "Flightless mobility", "description": "Assess the emu's ability to stand, walk and move through its surroundings using its legs.", "rationale": "An emu depends on terrestrial movement, making leg function and traversable space central to condition and management.", "layers": [ { "id": "leg-and-foot-function", "name": "Leg and foot function", "description": "Observe movement without provoking running or forcing a mobility test.", "findings": [ { "id": "functional-gait", "name": "Functional gait", "description": "Record weight bearing, stride symmetry, standing ability and visible foot or leg problems.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the emu bear weight on both legs and walk without an observable asymmetry?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "functional-gait-q01" }, { "text": "Does its observed mobility warrant stopping an activity or obtaining professional assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "functional-gait-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-space", "name": "Movement space", "description": "Assess routes, footing and obstacles from the perspective of a large flightless bird.", "findings": [ { "id": "traversable-surroundings", "name": "Traversable surroundings", "description": "Record whether the emu can reach resources and withdraw without entanglement, crowding or hazardous footing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which fences, narrow passages, surfaces or loose materials obstruct this emu's movement?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "traversable-surroundings-q01" }, { "text": "What environmental change could improve access or withdrawal without chasing or cornering it?", "kind": "action", "id": "traversable-surroundings-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "foraging-and-condition", "name": "Foraging and condition", "description": "Relate observed intake, resource access and physical condition to the emu's life stage and activity.", "rationale": "A snapshot of feeding or body mass is insufficient without context, particularly during incubation.", "layers": [ { "id": "food-and-water-use", "name": "Food and water use", "description": "Separate available resources from resources the emu actually consumes.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-resource-intake", "name": "Observed resource intake", "description": "Document feeding and drinking opportunities, actual intake and suspected ingestion of unsuitable material.", "questions": [ { "text": "What food and water has this emu been observed consuming, and over what observation period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-resource-intake-q01" }, { "text": "Can it reach appropriate resources without obstruction or displacement by other animals?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observed-resource-intake-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-interpretation", "name": "Condition interpretation", "description": "Interpret changes using individual history and reproductive context rather than a universal normal value.", "findings": [ { "id": "contextual-condition-trend", "name": "Contextual condition trend", "description": "Combine comparable mass or condition observations with posture, activity and intake; leave diagnosis to a linked clinical assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have mass, visible condition and activity changed relative to this emu's established baseline?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "contextual-condition-trend-q01" }, { "text": "Is reduced intake associated with documented incubation, or is the explanation unresolved and in need of assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "contextual-condition-trend-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "breeding-and-dependence", "name": "Breeding and dependence", "description": "Track reproductive activity and the relationships among an emu, its nest and dependent chicks.", "rationale": "Male incubation and chick care create dependencies that materially affect disturbance and relocation decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "nest-attendance", "name": "Nest attendance", "description": "Recognise incubation and distinguish observed nest attendance from assumed parentage.", "findings": [ { "id": "incubation-role", "name": "Incubation role", "description": "Record evidence of incubation, the attending bird and uncertainty about breeding history.", "questions": [ { "text": "What repeated observations establish that this emu is incubating rather than briefly resting near eggs?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "incubation-role-q01" }, { "text": "Would the proposed approach, enclosure change or relocation interrupt nest attendance?", "kind": "action", "id": "incubation-role-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "chick-attendance", "name": "Chick attendance", "description": "Establish which chicks depend on an attending adult and whether apparent separation is adequately observed.", "findings": [ { "id": "adult-chick-association", "name": "Adult-chick association", "description": "Record following, attendance and separation evidence without equating proximity with genetic parentage.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which chicks repeatedly follow or receive attendance from this adult?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "adult-chick-association-q01" }, { "text": "What observation supports treating a chick as separated rather than temporarily out of view of its attending adult?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "adult-chick-association-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "behaviour-and-intervention", "name": "Behaviour and intervention", "description": "Interpret the emu's responses to nearby animals, people and management activity before selecting an intervention.", "rationale": "A large running bird's withdrawal routes, breeding context and response to approach affect both welfare and practical safety.", "layers": [ { "id": "response-to-proximity", "name": "Response to proximity", "description": "Observe changes in behaviour as distance, companions or surrounding activity change.", "findings": [ { "id": "approach-response", "name": "Approach response", "description": "Record withdrawal, pursuit, contact and interruption of feeding or nest attendance as observations rather than presumed motives.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does this emu's behaviour change when a person or animal approaches, and at approximately what distance?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "approach-response-q01" }, { "text": "Should the observer increase distance or stop the activity to preserve withdrawal, feeding or parental attendance?", "kind": "action", "id": "approach-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-readiness", "name": "Intervention readiness", "description": "Connect proposed actions to the individual bird's condition, dependencies and management context.", "findings": [ { "id": "context-qualified-action", "name": "Context-qualified action", "description": "Distinguish observation and environmental adjustment from interventions requiring emu-specific handling expertise and external authority.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this emu free-ranging, under managed care or in rehabilitation, and who is responsible for decisions about it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "context-qualified-action-q01" }, { "text": "Before handling or relocation, have its mobility, nest or chick dependencies, receiving conditions and responsible specialist been established?", "kind": "action", "id": "context-qualified-action-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae (southeastern / nominate mainland emu)", "Dromaius novaehollandiae woodwardi (northern / tropical emu)", "Dromaius novaehollandiae rothschildi (southwestern emu; often synonymized)", "Tasmanian emu (D. n. diemenensis; extinct)", "King Island emu (Dromaius minor / D. n. minor; extinct)", "Kangaroo Island emu (Dromaius baudinianus; extinct)", "Farmed / ranch emu (commercial meat, oil and leather stock)", "Wild free-ranging mainland emu" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Emu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q19090", "note": "item for the living species Dromaius novaehollandiae" }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "174377", "note": "Integrated Taxonomic Information System taxonomic serial number" }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "8790", "note": "NCBI taxon ID for Dromaius novaehollandiae" }, { "scheme": "GBIF", "value_or_pattern": "2495434", "note": "GBIF taxon key for the species" }, { "scheme": "BirdLife / IUCN", "value_or_pattern": "22678117", "note": "BirdLife International and IUCN Red List species id" }, { "scheme": "eBird / Clements", "value_or_pattern": "emu1", "note": "eBird species code" }, { "scheme": "Avibase", "value_or_pattern": "E3E2C3C3C3C3C3C3", "note": "pattern of Avibase species UUID; confirm before use" }, { "scheme": "Scientific name", "value_or_pattern": "Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790)", "note": "Linnaean binomial; family Casuariidae / Dromaiidae depending on treatment" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Emu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "EPBC Act 1999 (Australia, Commonwealth): native wildlife; take, trade and interstate movement of wild emus are regulated; farmed stock is managed as livestock under state agriculture law.", "State fauna and game laws (e.g. NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016; WA Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016): wild emu is protected fauna; some jurisdictions historically permitted licensed culling as agricultural pest.", "Australian animal welfare and livestock standards: farmed emus fall under the Model Code of Practice for the Welfare of Animals (ratites / emus and ostriches) and state POCTA / animal welfare acts.", "Export of emu oil, meat and skins: Australian Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) export certification; importing countries apply their own food and novel-oil rules (e.g. FDA dietary-supplement / cosmetic framing in the United States).", "CITES: living Dromaius novaehollandiae is not listed; island extinct forms are not trade-listed as live animals." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Emu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Wild free-ranging bird on Australian rangeland, woodland and farmland, encountered as wildlife, roadkill risk, and occasional agricultural pest of fences and crops.", "Commercial farming in Australia and smaller operations overseas for meat (low-fat red meat), emu oil (rendered subcutaneous fat used in cosmetics and topical products), leather, feathers and eggshells.", "Tourism and public collections: wildlife parks, zoos and outback stations display emus as a flagship Australian ratite.", "Indigenous Australian use: traditional food (meat, eggs), oil, feathers and eggshell; still taken under native-title / cultural-hunting provisions where lawful.", "National and sporting symbol: appears on the Australian coat of arms (with the kangaroo) and in military and sporting nicknames." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Emu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "adult standing height", "typical_range": "150-190", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "adult body mass", "typical_range": "30-55 (exceptional to ~60)", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "clutch size", "typical_range": "5-15 (commonly 8-11)", "unit": "eggs" }, { "quantity": "egg mass", "typical_range": "500-700", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "incubation period (male)", "typical_range": "48-56", "unit": "days" }, { "quantity": "running speed", "typical_range": "40-50", "unit": "km/h" }, { "quantity": "lifespan (wild / captive)", "typical_range": "10-20 wild; 20-30+ captive", "unit": "years" }, { "quantity": "rendered fat yield (farmed adult)", "typical_range": "4-8", "unit": "L oil equivalent per bird (highly husbandry-dependent)" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Emu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Vehicle strike on rural Australian roads; large body mass makes collisions serious for occupants and fatal for the bird.", "Fence damage, crop grazing and water-point competition on pastoral properties; historically led to the 1932 'Emu War' control campaign in Western Australia.", "Captive/farm trauma: powerful forward kick and claw can lacerate handlers; stress, capture myopathy and aspergillosis in poorly designed yards.", "Chick mortality from hypothermia, predation and male-abandonment if the incubating male is disturbed.", "Island subspecies extinction (Tasmania, King Island, Kangaroo Island) after 19th-century hunting and habitat change.", "Mis-sold 'emu oil' of uncertain composition or adulteration in cosmetic and supplement markets." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Emu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Australia: 'emu' is unambiguous for Dromaius novaehollandiae; Aboriginal names vary by language (e.g. many Pama-Nyungan terms).", "Tasmania and offshore islands: the living bird is a mainland reintroduction or absent; 'Tasmanian emu' refers to the extinct diemenensis form.", "North America and Europe: 'emu' almost always means farmed stock, not wild fauna; often grouped in trade with ostrich as 'ratite' livestock.", "Subspecies names (woodwardi, rothschildi) are used in older Australian ornithology and farm-stock lore but are frequently synonymized in current global checklists." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Emu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Ostrich (Struthio camelus / S. molybdophanes)", "difference": "Ostrich is larger (often 100+ kg), two-toed, African; emu is three-toed, Australian, with shaggy double-shafted feathers and no prominent wing display." }, { "name": "Southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius)", "difference": "Cassowary has a casque, brightly coloured neck wattles, denser black plumage and a forest habitat in tropical Queensland/New Guinea; emu is open-country, dull brown-grey, casqueless." }, { "name": "Rhea (Rhea americana / R. pennata)", "difference": "South American, smaller, three-toed but with a different plumage and social system; not native to Australia." }, { "name": "Emu-wren (Stipiturus spp.)", "difference": "Tiny Australian passerines named for emu-like filamentous tail feathers; not ratites. Size and bill immediately separate them." }, { "name": "Extinct island emus vs living mainland emu", "difference": "King Island and Kangaroo Island forms were smaller, darker island dwarfs; living birds are large mainland D. novaehollandiae. Identification of historical specimens is osteological and provenance-based, not field ID." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Emu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does registry entry vr.tr.emu denote living Dromaius novaehollandiae individuals exclusively, or also a broader taxonomic concept?", "Which validated identification and sex-determination methods should be accepted for each life stage, especially when distinguishing immature ratites?", "Which emu-specific body-condition methods and life-stage or incubation-related reference ranges are sufficiently supported for assessment?", "Which observable signs and observation periods reliably distinguish normal incubation-related changes from conditions needing urgent veterinary assessment?", "Which evidence-based enclosure, handling and chick-separation criteria apply across free-ranging, farmed and rehabilitation contexts?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Emu, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an emu, assess its condition and circumstances, and determine appropriate observation, care or management actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 97 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Emu, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 97 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Emu from another, and a Emu from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Emu sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Emu from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Emu is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Emu and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Emu is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Emu is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Emu is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Emu moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Emu passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Emu between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Emu, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Emu is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Emu is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Emu, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Emu from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Emu from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Emu does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Emu pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Emu judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Emu lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Emu, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Emu hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Emu came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Emu and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Emu is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Emu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Emu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Emu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }