{ "model": { "rank": 513, "code": "thing-q9418", "model_id": "vr.tr.psychology", "name": "psychology", "purpose": "Let an agent treat psychology as a discipline with fields, methods and evidence, and as a regulated profession, without offering diagnosis or therapy.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q9418/", "tier": 2, "score": 248, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "odor masking", "psychology of religion", "religious experience", "psychology of religious conversion", "Slain in the Spirit", "Mystical experience", "taste in Islam", "apparition", "Second work of grace", "modeling and coaching efficacy", "Doctor of Clinical Psychology", "information famine", "behavioral neuroscience", "traffic psychology", "applied psychology", "forensic psychology", "experimental psychology", "measurements and statistics", "educational psychology", "research on Antisemitism", "malicious envy", "neuro-psychoanalysis", "neuropsychology", "physiological psychology", "developmental psychobiology", "public transport psychology", "Menu engineering", "audio-psycho-phonology", "Fashion psychology", "systems psychology", "space psychology", "correctional psychology", "applied behavior analysis", "psychology of climate change denial", "forensic psychopathology", "cognitive forensics", "forensic developmental psychology", "psychophysics", "school psychology", "social psychology of education" ], "aliasCount": 316, "merged": 316, "knownIn": 248, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.psychology", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q9418", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T04:52:39Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q9418", "registryId": "vr.tr.psychology", "name": "psychology", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9418/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.psychology", "name": "psychology", "purpose": "Let an agent treat psychology as a discipline with fields, methods and evidence, and as a regulated profession, without offering diagnosis or therapy.", "definition": "The scientific study of mind and behaviour, and the profession that applies it to assess and help people.", "what_it_is_for": "Understanding how people think, feel and act, and helping them with mental health and performance.", "affordances": [ "study and research it", "practise it, as a registered psychologist", "apply it, in health, education, work and law", "provide general information, distinct from therapy" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A science and a profession", "Studies mind and behaviour at many levels", "Protected titles for practitioners in many jurisdictions", "Psychiatry is a medical specialty, not the same profession" ], "appearance": "Laboratories, clinics, schools and workplaces; tests, questionnaires and therapy sessions; no single appearance.", "visual_identification": [ "Research papers and tests with stated methods", "Registered practitioners with protected titles in many countries", "Popular psychology varies widely in evidence" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "cognitive, developmental, social, biological psychology", "clinical and counselling psychology", "organisational, educational, forensic, sport psychology", "psychology of religion and other applied areas" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "studies", "target": "human behavior and thought", "why": "its subject" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "psychiatry", "why": "a medical specialty" }, { "relation": "assesses", "target": "mental disorder", "why": "with clinicians" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "psychological test", "why": "standardised instruments" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Professional regulation of psychologists, such as HCPC in the UK", "APA and BPS ethics codes", "Research ethics rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Pop psychology presented as established", "Unqualified people offering therapy", "Misuse of tests", "Replication failures in parts of the field" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "field-and-method", "name": "Field and method", "description": "What part of psychology, how studied.", "rationale": "Field and method locate a claim.", "layers": [ { "id": "field", "name": "Field", "description": "Sub-discipline.", "findings": [ { "id": "field-finding", "name": "Field", "description": "The field.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which field of psychology is this?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is it basic or applied?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method", "description": "Experiment, survey, clinical.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-finding", "name": "Method", "description": "The method and its limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which method produced this finding?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Has it replicated?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "practice", "name": "Practice", "description": "Professional psychology.", "rationale": "Practice is regulated to protect clients.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Registration", "description": "Protected titles.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-finding", "name": "Registration", "description": "Registration status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this practitioner registered, and with whom?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which titles are protected here?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "services", "name": "Services", "description": "Assessment and therapy.", "findings": [ { "id": "services-finding", "name": "Service", "description": "What services are offered.", "questions": [ { "text": "What services does the practitioner provide?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What evidence supports that therapy?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "assessment", "name": "Assessment", "description": "Tests and measures.", "rationale": "Tests must be valid, reliable and properly used.", "layers": [ { "id": "tests", "name": "Tests", "description": "Standardised instruments.", "findings": [ { "id": "tests-finding", "name": "Instrument", "description": "The test used.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which test is used, and is it validated for this population?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who is qualified to administer it?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "interpretation", "name": "Interpretation", "description": "Using results.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretation-finding", "name": "Interpretation", "description": "How results are interpreted.", "questions": [ { "text": "How should the results be interpreted?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What must not be concluded from them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "agent-limits", "name": "Agent limits", "description": "Support, not therapy.", "rationale": "An agent may give general information and signpost, not treat.", "layers": [ { "id": "scope", "name": "Scope", "description": "Information only.", "findings": [ { "id": "scope-finding", "name": "Scope", "description": "What an agent may say.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this a general question or a request for therapy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which reliable source should be cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "crisis", "name": "Crisis", "description": "Urgent help.", "findings": [ { "id": "crisis-finding", "name": "Crisis response", "description": "How to respond to a crisis.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the person seem to be in crisis?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which crisis service should be offered?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should fields of psychology be separate entries?", "How should agents flag findings affected by replication problems?", "Where exactly is the line between support and therapy for an agent?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a psychology, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent treat psychology as a discipline with fields, methods and evidence, and as a regulated profession, without offering diagnosis or therapy.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: odor masking, psychology of religion, religious experience, psychology of religious conversion, Slain in the Spirit, Mystical experience, taste in Islam, apparition, Second work of grace, modeling and coaching efficacy, Doctor of Clinical Psychology, information famine.", "316 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 248 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a psychology, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "odor masking", "psychology of religion", "religious experience", "psychology of religious conversion", "Slain in the Spirit", "Mystical experience", "taste in Islam", "apparition", "Second work of grace", "modeling and coaching efficacy", "Doctor of Clinical Psychology", "information famine" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 248 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 316 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one psychology from another, and a psychology from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a psychology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a psychology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a psychology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a psychology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a psychology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a psychology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a psychology sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a psychology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a psychology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a psychology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a psychology from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a psychology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a psychology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a psychology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a psychology passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a psychology between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a psychology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a psychology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a psychology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a psychology, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a psychology is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a psychology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a psychology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a psychology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a psychology says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a psychology contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a psychology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a psychology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a psychology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a psychology and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a psychology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a psychology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a psychology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What psychology studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does psychology take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does psychology establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where psychology is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark psychology as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place psychology, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a psychology came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a psychology and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a psychology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a psychology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a psychology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a psychology is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a psychology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a psychology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a psychology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }