{ "model": { "rank": 1798, "code": "thing-q9530", "model_id": "vr.tr.breathing", "name": "breathing", "purpose": "Let an agent explain breathing and its mechanics across animals, relay physiology, control and breathing practices from physiology and health sources in general terms, describe ram ventilation and other forms, and distinguish breathing from cellular respiration, from gas exchange itself and from breath odour, routing breathing difficulties to emergency care.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q9530/", "tier": 2, "score": 126, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "garlic breath", "conscious breathing", "breathing exercise", "Ram Venliation", "obligate ram ventilator", "ventilation", "aquatic respiration", "breathing support", "Glossopharyngeal breathing", "diaphragmatic breathing", "costal breathing", "eupnea" ], "aliasCount": 12, "merged": 12, "knownIn": 126, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.breathing", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q9530", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T14:10:43Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q9530", "registryId": "vr.tr.breathing", "name": "breathing", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9530/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.breathing", "name": "breathing", "purpose": "Let an agent explain breathing and its mechanics across animals, relay physiology, control and breathing practices from physiology and health sources in general terms, describe ram ventilation and other forms, and distinguish breathing from cellular respiration, from gas exchange itself and from breath odour, routing breathing difficulties to emergency care.", "definition": "The process of moving air or water over gas exchange surfaces, in humans and other lung breathers the ventilation of the lungs by inhaling and exhaling, in fish the passage of water over gills including ram ventilation used by obligate ram ventilators such as some sharks and tunas, and in practices such as conscious breathing and breathing exercises used for relaxation and health; the registry alias garlic breath refers to breath odour and appears misfiled.", "what_it_is_for": "Ventilating gas exchange surfaces.", "affordances": [ "route emergencies first", "explain mechanics and forms", "relay physiology and practices", "distinguish related concepts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Rhythmic ventilation", "Automatic and voluntary control", "Lungs and gills", "Practice and health" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; rhythmic chest or gill movement.", "visual_identification": [ "Ventilation of lungs or gills", "Inhalation and exhalation, ram ventilation, conscious breathing, breathing exercises", "Cellular respiration is metabolic; gas exchange is the diffusion step; garlic breath is odour" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "resting adult rate", "typical_range": "about 12-20", "unit": "breaths per minute", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "tidal volume", "typical_range": "about 500", "unit": "ml", "note": "adult at rest" }, { "quantity": "obligate ram ventilators", "typical_range": "some sharks, tunas", "unit": "list", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "lung breathing in mammals and other vertebrates", "gill ventilation in fish including ram ventilation", "buccal and cutaneous breathing in amphibians", "tracheal breathing in insects", "conscious breathing and breathing exercises", "mechanical ventilation as medical support" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "gas exchange", "why": "process in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "interaction", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is controlled by", "target": "respiratory centre", "why": "in the brainstem" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "cellular respiration", "why": "the metabolic process" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D012123", "note": "Respiration" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Clinical guidelines for respiratory assessment", "Standards for breathing exercise instruction in some health systems" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Delayed care for breathing difficulty", "Agents giving personal medical advice", "Registry alias garlic breath is misfiled" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "emergency", "name": "Emergency", "description": "Breathing difficulty.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "act", "name": "Act", "description": "Act now.", "findings": [ { "id": "act-finding", "name": "Act", "description": "Act.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the user describe severe breathing difficulty, choking or blue lips, which need emergency services immediately?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Has the agent directed the user to emergency services before anything else?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "signs", "name": "Signs", "description": "Warning signs.", "findings": [ { "id": "signs-finding", "name": "Signs", "description": "Signs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What warning signs of respiratory distress do health authorities list?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits shortness of breath?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What breathing is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and mechanics.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is breathing, how do lungs and gills ventilate, and how does it differ from cellular respiration and gas exchange?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about physiology, animals, practices or a personal health matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms across animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are ram ventilation, buccal pumping, tracheal and cutaneous breathing?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "control", "name": "Control", "description": "Control and practice.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "control", "name": "Control", "description": "Control.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-finding", "name": "Control", "description": "Control.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the brainstem, chemoreceptors and voluntary control regulate breathing?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "practices", "name": "Practices", "description": "Breathing practices.", "findings": [ { "id": "practices-finding", "name": "Practices", "description": "Practices.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do conscious breathing and breathing exercises involve, and what does evidence say, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Medicine and misfiled alias.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "medicine", "name": "Medicine", "description": "Medical ventilation.", "findings": [ { "id": "medicine-finding", "name": "Medicine", "description": "Medicine.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does mechanical ventilation support breathing, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits mechanical ventilation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "misfiled", "name": "Misfiled", "description": "Garlic breath.", "findings": [ { "id": "misfiled-finding", "name": "Misfiled", "description": "Misfiled.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is garlic breath, and where should breath odour be covered?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits halitosis?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should ram ventilation and breathing exercises be separate primary entries?", "How should physiology sources be linked?", "The registry alias garlic breath appears misfiled and should be moved" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a breathing, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain breathing and its mechanics across animals, relay physiology, control and breathing practices from physiology and health sources in general terms, describe ram ventilation and other forms, and distinguish breathing from cellular respiration, from gas exchange itself and from breath odour, routing breathing difficulties to emergency care.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: garlic breath, conscious breathing, breathing exercise, Ram Venliation, obligate ram ventilator, ventilation, aquatic respiration, breathing support, Glossopharyngeal breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, costal breathing, eupnea.", "12 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 126 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a breathing, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "garlic breath", "conscious breathing", "breathing exercise", "Ram Venliation", "obligate ram ventilator", "ventilation", "aquatic respiration", "breathing support", "Glossopharyngeal breathing", "diaphragmatic breathing", "costal breathing", "eupnea" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 126 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 12 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one breathing from another, and a breathing from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a breathing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a breathing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a breathing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a breathing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a breathing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a breathing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a breathing sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a breathing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a breathing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a breathing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a breathing from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a breathing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a breathing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a breathing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a breathing passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a breathing between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a breathing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a breathing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a breathing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a breathing, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a breathing is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a breathing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a breathing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a breathing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a breathing proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a breathing, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a breathing and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a breathing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a breathing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a breathing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a breathing consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a breathing takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a breathing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a breathing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a breathing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What breathing is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of breathing are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is breathing operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of breathing and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of breathing?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as breathing?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a breathing came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a breathing and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a breathing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a breathing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a breathing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a breathing is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a breathing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a breathing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a breathing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }