{ "model": { "rank": 1124, "code": "thing-q9614", "model_id": "vr.tr.tongue", "name": "tongue", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a tongue as an anatomical organ, describe its structure and functional state, and identify appropriate observations or actions within the organism's context.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q9614/", "tier": 2, "score": 180, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "human tongue", "finch tongue", "forked tongue", "horse tongue" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 180, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.tongue-artifact", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q9614", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9614", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:06:08Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.05879706, "turns": 5, "seconds": 259.4, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 74.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b51-2381-75d2-9881-84d5f42cb561\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: tongue\nRegistry id: vr.tr.tongue\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext fo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q9614", "registryId": "vr.tr.tongue", "name": "tongue", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9614/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.tongue", "name": "tongue", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a tongue as an anatomical organ, describe its structure and functional state, and identify appropriate observations or actions within the organism's context.", "definition": "A mobile, predominantly muscular organ on the floor of the mouth, treated in human anatomy as an anatomical heterogeneous complex of interwoven intrinsic and extrinsic skeletal muscle covered by mucosa that bears lingual papillae and taste buds, and that contributes to taste, mastication, deglutition and articulation of sound.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the tongue as a physical organ of an individual animal, including its anatomical regions, tissue organisation, movement, sensory roles and contributions to oral functions; species-specific features must be recorded rather than assumed from human anatomy.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of the tongue, its host organism and its anatomical boundaries", "Species-specific shape, regions, attachments and surface structures", "Tongue movement, deformation and coordination with neighbouring structures", "Sensory capabilities and contributions to feeding, swallowing, grooming or vocalisation where applicable", "Observed tissue condition, functional limitations and changes over time" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Tongue as a synonym for a language or a figurative mode of expression", "Whole-organism taxonomy, life history and conservation assessment", "Teeth, palate, jaws, salivary glands and other neighbouring organs as independent structures", "Diseases, diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols as independently modelled clinical concepts", "Tongue meat as a food product and its processing or trade", "Tongue-like parts of tools, footwear or other manufactured objects" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify an anatomical oral structure belonging to an animal, rather than infer identity from an elongated shape or the word 'tongue'.", "Check its position, attachments and tissue organisation against anatomy appropriate to the host species; a human-like muscular form is not a universal requirement.", "Distinguish the tongue's own surface and body from the palate, floor of the mouth and structures that merely contact or support it.", "Distinguish an entire tongue from a surface feature such as a papilla, a sensory structure such as a taste bud, or a detached tissue sample.", "Do not classify every protrusible feeding appendage as a tongue; establish anatomical identity before assigning functions." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Host organism and life stage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Individual organism reference, taxon reference and recorded life stage", "why_it_matters": "Determines which anatomical and functional expectations are applicable." }, { "name": "Anatomical continuity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Intact in situ | partly absent | detached organ | tissue fragment | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates organ identity from completeness and prevents functional claims about disconnected specimens." }, { "name": "Regional morphology", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Species-appropriate regions, overall shape and documented surface features", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and precise localisation without imposing human regional terminology." }, { "name": "Dimensions under specified conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Length, width and thickness in mm, with landmarks and resting or extended condition", "why_it_matters": "Tongue dimensions depend on posture and deformation, so measurements require comparable conditions." }, { "name": "Attachments and support", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named attachment sites and supporting structures with anatomical evidence", "why_it_matters": "Explains the tongue's boundaries and constraints on movement." }, { "name": "Movement capability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed protrusion, retraction, lateral movement and shape changes; limitation or uncertainty recorded", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes anatomical presence from demonstrated functional movement." }, { "name": "Sensory capability", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented gustatory, tactile, thermal or other capabilities, each with evidence and applicability", "why_it_matters": "Prevents appearance or species-level expectations from being mistaken for measured sensation." }, { "name": "Surface and tissue condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Region-specific colour, moisture, coating, integrity, swelling and visible abnormalities", "why_it_matters": "Makes changes recordable while keeping observations separate from diagnoses." }, { "name": "Contribution to oral tasks", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Observed role in food capture, manipulation, swallowing, grooming or vocalisation", "why_it_matters": "Links tongue behaviour to a particular task without attributing the whole task to one organ." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and annotate tongue regions using anatomy appropriate to the host species.", "Record images and dimensions with posture, landmarks and observation conditions.", "Describe observed tongue movements and their coordination during relevant oral tasks.", "Compare surface condition and functional observations over time under comparable conditions.", "Locate an observed abnormality and connect it to an appropriate assessment workflow without diagnosing from appearance alone." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wd-q9614", "title": "tongue (Q9614)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9614", "what_it_supports": "Stable identifier; description as a mobile organ inside the mouth; part-of mouth; arterial supply by the lingual artery; motor innervation by the hypoglossal nerve; explicit difference from language; Unicode character.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "tah-2403", "title": "tongue 2403 (Terminologia Anatomica Humana unit TAH:U2403)", "url": "https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/TNAEntryPage/auto/unit/EN/TAH2403%20Unit%20EN.htm", "what_it_supports": "Official Latin term lingua; taxonomic definition as an anatomical heterogeneous complex of muscular tissues serving taste, mastication, deglutition and sound articulation; partonomy under mouth.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "kenhub-tongue", "title": "Tongue: Anatomy, muscles, neurovasculature and histology", "url": "https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/tongue", "what_it_supports": "Parts (apex, body, root), dorsal versus ventral surfaces, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, lingual-artery supply, average human length of about 10 cm, and the four papilla types.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "pmc-9942923", "title": "Physiology of the tongue with emphasis on taste transduction", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9942923/", "what_it_supports": "Terminal sulcus dividing anterior and posterior tongue; human circumvallate count (about 4-18, mean near 9); fungiform papilla density by sex; meta-analytic total of roughly 4,600 taste buds across papilla types.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "iqwig-taste", "title": "In brief: How does our sense of taste work?", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279408/", "what_it_supports": "Adult taste-bud count of about 2,000-4,000; fungiform count about 200-400; circumvallate papillae about 7-12 at the base of the tongue.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wiki-tongue", "title": "Tongue", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongue", "what_it_supports": "Average human length from oropharynx to tip of about 10 cm; reported adult tongue mass about 99 g in males and 79 g in females; roles in mastication, speech and cleaning the teeth.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "icd11-da03", "title": "ICD-11 MMS DA03 Diseases of the tongue (Glossitis, Geographic tongue) and LA31.2 Ankyloglossia", "url": "https://www.findacode.com/icd-11/code-843084384.html", "what_it_supports": "WHO disease codes that govern inflammation of the tongue, geographic tongue, and tongue-tie as named conditions of this organ.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "dermnet-tongue", "title": "The tongue. Glossitis / Conditions affecting the tongue", "url": "https://dermnetnz.org/topics/conditions-affecting-the-tongue", "what_it_supports": "Clinical grouping of tongue disease under ICD-10 K14 / C02.9 / Q38.3 and ICD-11 DA03 / 2B62 / LA31, and the organ as a site of inflammatory, neoplastic and congenital lesions.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "organ-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Organ identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish which anatomical structure is being modelled and whose tongue it is.", "rationale": "The registry name can denote unrelated senses, and animal tongues cannot all be identified using a human anatomical template.", "layers": [ { "id": "host-and-anatomical-identity", "name": "Host and anatomical identity", "description": "Connect the organ to an individual organism and an applicable anatomical account.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-grounded-identification", "name": "Species-grounded identification", "description": "Record the evidence supporting identification as a tongue, distinguishing direct observation from taxonomic expectation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which individual organism, taxon and life stage does this tongue belong to?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "species-grounded-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which anatomical criteria establish that this structure is a tongue in that organism?", "kind": "definition", "id": "species-grounded-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "organ-extent-and-continuity", "name": "Organ extent and continuity", "description": "Separate the tongue from adjacent structures and distinguish intact organs from partial specimens.", "findings": [ { "id": "boundaries-and-specimen-status", "name": "Boundaries and specimen status", "description": "Describe the organ's extent, attachments and completeness before assigning measurements or capabilities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where does the tongue end and the floor of the mouth or supporting apparatus begin in this species?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "boundaries-and-specimen-status-q01" }, { "text": "Is the observation of an intact tongue in place, a partly absent tongue, a detached organ or a tissue fragment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "boundaries-and-specimen-status-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-tissue-organisation", "name": "Form and tissue organisation", "description": "Describe tongue geometry, regional anatomy and tissue features.", "rationale": "Tongue shape changes with movement, and surface specialisations require species-specific interpretation.", "layers": [ { "id": "regions-and-geometry", "name": "Regions and geometry", "description": "Locate anatomical regions and measure form under explicit conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "landmarked-tongue-dimensions", "name": "Landmarked tongue dimensions", "description": "Define measurement endpoints and posture so apparent changes are not confused with extension or deformation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which landmarks define tongue length, width and thickness for this observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "landmarked-tongue-dimensions-q01" }, { "text": "Was the tongue resting, protruded, stretched or otherwise deformed when measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "landmarked-tongue-dimensions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "surface-and-internal-architecture", "name": "Surface and internal architecture", "description": "Describe visible specialisations and independently established internal tissue organisation.", "findings": [ { "id": "regional-tissue-features", "name": "Regional tissue features", "description": "Record papillae or other surface features where present without assuming that each feature is sensory.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which surface structures occur in each region, and how were they identified?", "kind": "definition", "id": "regional-tissue-features-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes the underlying tissue organisation and any sensory structures, beyond surface appearance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "regional-tissue-features-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-mechanical-control", "name": "Movement and mechanical control", "description": "Represent how the tongue changes position and shape within its anatomical constraints.", "rationale": "Tongue function depends on coordinated deformation and attachments, not merely on the presence of an organ.", "layers": [ { "id": "movement-repertoire", "name": "Movement repertoire", "description": "Record movements demonstrated in a specified observation context.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-shape-changes", "name": "Position and shape changes", "description": "Distinguish observed movement, limited movement and movements that were not assessed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which protrusion, retraction, lateral or shape-changing movements were actually observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "position-and-shape-changes-q01" }, { "text": "Under which task and observation conditions were range, symmetry and repeatability assessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "position-and-shape-changes-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "attachments-and-control", "name": "Attachments and control", "description": "Relate movement to supporting anatomy and documented control pathways.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanical-and-neural-constraints", "name": "Mechanical and neural constraints", "description": "Keep visible movement restrictions separate from unverified explanations involving attachments, muscles or nerves.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which attachments or supporting structures constrain the tongue's movement in this organism?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "mechanical-and-neural-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports any attribution of altered movement to tissue mechanics or motor control?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mechanical-and-neural-constraints-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sensation-and-oral-functions", "name": "Sensation and oral functions", "description": "Connect documented sensory capabilities and movements to specific oral tasks.", "rationale": "Taste, food handling and vocalisation are different capabilities, and their relevance varies across species.", "layers": [ { "id": "sensory-capabilities", "name": "Sensory capabilities", "description": "Represent sensory roles with evidence appropriate to the organism and assessment method.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidenced-tongue-sensation", "name": "Evidenced tongue sensation", "description": "Separate established sensory anatomy, measured responses and inferred capability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sensory modalities are documented for this tongue, and by what anatomical or functional evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidenced-tongue-sensation-q01" }, { "text": "How does the assessment distinguish tongue-mediated sensation from smell or sensation elsewhere in the mouth?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "evidenced-tongue-sensation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "task-specific-contributions", "name": "Task-specific contributions", "description": "Describe the tongue's role within coordinated feeding and other species-relevant behaviours.", "findings": [ { "id": "tongue-role-in-observed-task", "name": "Tongue role in an observed task", "description": "Attribute only the demonstrated part of a task to the tongue while recording coordination with neighbouring structures.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does the tongue demonstrably contribute to food capture, manipulation, swallowing, grooming or vocalisation in this observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "tongue-role-in-observed-task-q01" }, { "text": "Which parts of that task depend on jaws, palate, throat or other structures beyond this model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "tongue-role-in-observed-task-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-assessment", "name": "Condition and assessment", "description": "Record local tissue observations, functional changes and appropriate assessment needs.", "rationale": "Tongue appearance is context-dependent, and a visible change alone does not establish its cause.", "layers": [ { "id": "local-condition-and-change", "name": "Local condition and change", "description": "Locate tissue changes and compare observations with an explicit baseline.", "findings": [ { "id": "regional-condition-record", "name": "Regional condition record", "description": "Describe abnormalities by location and observable properties without converting them into unsupported diagnoses.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are changes in surface integrity, colour, moisture, coating or swelling, and what are their extent and duration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "regional-condition-record-q01" }, { "text": "What baseline and observation conditions support treating this appearance as a change rather than normal variation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "regional-condition-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-impact-and-next-actions", "name": "Functional impact and next actions", "description": "Connect observed changes to relevant tasks and qualified assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-bounded-assessment", "name": "Evidence-bounded assessment", "description": "Identify what further observation or professional assessment is needed without embedding disease or treatment models.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed tongue changes coincide with altered oral function, and what supports a connection?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-bounded-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which further observations or qualified assessments are appropriate for this organism and setting?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-bounded-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "apex (tip)", "body / oral (presulcal) part, the anterior two-thirds lying in the oral cavity", "root / pharyngeal (postsulcal) part, the posterior one-third behind the terminal sulcus", "filiform papillae (mechanical, no taste buds)", "fungiform papillae", "circumvallate (vallate) papillae", "foliate papillae", "lingual tonsil of the root" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of tongue this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q9614", "note": "Item for the anatomical organ; explicitly different from language." }, { "scheme": "Terminologia Anatomica Humana (IFAA)", "value_or_pattern": "TAH:U2403", "note": "Official English term tongue; official Latin lingua." }, { "scheme": "Latin anatomical term", "value_or_pattern": "lingua", "note": "Official TA/TAH term used as the language-independent label." }, { "scheme": "Unicode", "value_or_pattern": "U+1F445 (👅)", "note": "Emoji assigned on the Wikidata item; not an anatomical code." }, { "scheme": "ICD-11 (diseases of this organ)", "value_or_pattern": "DA03; LA31.2", "note": "DA03 covers diseases of the tongue (e.g. glossitis, geographic tongue); LA31.2 is ankyloglossia. These name conditions, not the organ itself." }, { "scheme": "ICD-10 (diseases of this organ)", "value_or_pattern": "K14; C02; Q38.3", "note": "K14 diseases of tongue; C02 malignant neoplasm of tongue; Q38.3 congenital malformations of tongue (including ankyloglossia)." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of tongue this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Terminologia Anatomica, 2nd edition (TA2) - Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT) / International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA): official Latin lingua and English tongue.", "Terminologia Anatomica Humana unit TAH:U2403 - IFAA: current unit identifier and taxonomic definition used here.", "ICD-11 MMS DA03 Diseases of the tongue and LA31.2 Ankyloglossia - World Health Organization: morbidity coding of tongue conditions.", "ICD-10 K14 Diseases of tongue - World Health Organization.", "Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) - Structural Informatics Group, University of Washington: reference ontology for canonical human anatomy, cross-referenced from TA2 via Wikidata (specific FMA class id for tongue was not read in this pass)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of tongue this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Bolus formation and food positioning during mastication, then propulsion in the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing.", "Articulation of speech sounds that depend on tip, blade and body contact with teeth, alveolar ridge, palate and pharynx.", "Gustation: tastants reach taste buds housed in fungiform, circumvallate and foliate papillae (filiform papillae are mechanical only).", "Clinical inspection of mucosa, papillae, coating, mobility and the lingual frenulum; protrusion tests hypoglossal-nerve function.", "Airway and sleep: tongue-base position is a factor in obstructive sleep apnoea and in Mallampati-type airway assessment.", "After slaughter, mammalian tongues (especially beef/ox) are eaten as offal - lengua, gyutan, pickled tongue - which is the same organ as food, not a second anatomical kind.", "Tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (inspection of colour, coating and papillae) as a parallel clinical practice." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of tongue this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "human length, oropharynx to tip", "typical_range": "about 10", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "adult human mass", "typical_range": "about 79 (female) to 99 (male)", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "volume share of the root versus anterior tongue", "typical_range": "root about one-third; body and apex about two-thirds", "unit": "fraction of tongue volume" }, { "quantity": "circumvallate papilla count (human)", "typical_range": "about 4-18, commonly 8-12 (mean near 9)", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "circumvallate papilla size", "typical_range": "diameter 2-3; height about 1", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "fungiform papilla density (human dorsum)", "typical_range": "about 14-16 per cm² overall; denser at the apex (about 90/cm²) than mid-dorsum (about 45/cm²)", "unit": "papillae/cm²" }, { "quantity": "human taste-bud count", "typical_range": "about 2,000-4,600 across papilla types", "unit": "count" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of tongue this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Glossitis and atrophic glossitis (ICD-11 DA03.0 / DA03.2).", "Geographic tongue / benign migratory glossitis (DA03.1).", "Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) from a short lingual frenulum, restricting mobility and sometimes speech or feeding (LA31.2).", "Macroglossia and tongue-base collapse contributing to obstructive sleep apnoea and difficult airway.", "Hypoglossal-nerve palsy: the protruded tongue deviates toward the weak side.", "Oral squamous-cell carcinoma and other neoplasms of the tongue (ICD-10 C02 / ICD-11 2B62).", "Impaired tongue control causing incomplete bolus control and aspiration.", "Trauma, piercing complications, and iatrogenic injury during intubation or oral surgery." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of tongue this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English tongue is both the organ and a common word for language; Wikidata records language as a distinct item. Spanish lengua, French langue and similar Romance words carry the same double sense; German separates Zunge (organ) from Sprache (language).", "Culinary naming and cuts differ: Mexican and Spanish lengua, Japanese gyutan (often grilled beef tongue), Ashkenazi pickled tongue; these are food uses of the slaughtered organ.", "Tongue-tie division (frenotomy) thresholds and routine newborn screening differ across paediatric and lactation guidelines.", "Traditional Chinese medicine uses a standardised tongue-inspection system (colour, coating, papillae) that is not part of TA2/ICD clinical anatomy." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of tongue this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "language (natural language)", "difference": "Wikidata marks language as different from this item; a language has grammar and speakers, not mucosa, papillae or a hypoglossal nerve." }, { "name": "floor of the mouth", "difference": "The tongue sits on the floor and is attached by the lingual frenulum; the floor is mucosa, glands and mylohyoid, not the mobile muscular mass itself." }, { "name": "taste bud", "difference": "A microscopic cluster of gustatory cells inside some papillae; the tongue is the organ that bears them, not the receptor." }, { "name": "epiglottis", "difference": "A cartilaginous flap immediately posterior to the tongue root; it is cartilage of the larynx, not lingual muscle." }, { "name": "lingual frenulum", "difference": "A mucosal fold tethering the ventral tongue to the floor; ankyloglossia is a frenulum problem, not a second organ." }, { "name": "edible tongue (offal)", "difference": "The same anatomical organ after slaughter and as food; distinguished by being a commodity (dead tissue) rather than a living sensory-motor organ." }, { "name": "tongue worm (pentastomid)", "difference": "A parasitic animal named for resemblance, not a lingual organ; it has its own taxonomy and is not part of the mouth." }, { "name": "mechanical tongue (shoe tongue, clapper, machine tongue)", "difference": "An artefact named by analogy; it has no mucosa, papillae, taste buds or cranial-nerve innervation." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of tongue this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend tongue to cover animal tongues broadly, or is its unstated source concept restricted to human anatomy?", "Which comparative anatomical authority should determine whether structures called tongues in different animal groups belong within this entry?", "Which regional terms, surface classifications and measurement landmarks can be shared across species, and which require extensions?", "Which validated methods and reference conditions should govern comparisons of tongue movement, sensation and task performance?", "Does an existing Vercy organ or world model already own this concept or any of its capabilities, requiring reuse rather than a second publication?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a tongue, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a tongue as an anatomical organ, describe its structure and functional state, and identify appropriate observations or actions within the organism's context.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: human tongue, finch tongue, forked tongue, horse tongue.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 180 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a tongue, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "human tongue", "finch tongue", "forked tongue", "horse tongue" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 180 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one tongue from another, and a tongue from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a tongue sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a tongue from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a tongue is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a tongue is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a tongue is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a tongue is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a tongue is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a tongue is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a tongue passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a tongue between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a tongue, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a tongue is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What tongue is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does tongue perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise tongue, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How tongue is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does tongue have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does tongue need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about tongue is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about tongue hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern tongue, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a tongue came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a tongue and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a tongue is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a tongue, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a tongue, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a tongue is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }