{ "model": { "rank": 3872, "code": "thing-rate", "model_id": "vr.tr.rate", "name": "rate", "purpose": "a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.TME", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/rate/", "tier": 2, "score": 81, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "audio", "audio frequency", "radio frequency", "infrared", "infrared frequency", "station", "extremely low frequency", "ELF", "very low frequency", "VLF", "low frequency", "LF", "medium frequency", "MF", "high frequency", "HF", "very high frequency", "VHF", "ultrahigh frequency", "UHF", "superhigh frequency", "SHF", "extremely high frequency", "EHF", "angular acceleration", "angular velocity", "basal metabolic rate", "BMR", "rydberg", "rydberg constant", "rydberg unit", "wave number", "acceleration", "centripetal acceleration", "deceleration", "attrition rate", "rate of attrition", "birthrate", "birth rate", "fertility" ], "aliasCount": 156, "merged": 81, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.time", "senseRank": 0, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-15311467-n", "ili": "i117586", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T18:57:27Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 27.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08787-4f7e-7093-8980-83f5e38c6549\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: rate\nSense to describe: a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit\nDomain code: XCT.TME\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 thin", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 61, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08787-4f92-7323-872d-a129ad34ebae\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: rate\nRegistry id: vr.tr.rate\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.TME\nRegistry definition: a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit\nNames folded into th" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-RATE", "registryId": "vr.tr.rate", "name": "rate", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.TME" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/rate/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.rate", "name": "rate", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise, interpret, compare and use a magnitude or frequency expressed relative to a time unit without confusing its meaning, temporal basis or evidential status.", "definition": "A rate is a quantity expressing an amount, change, or number of occurrences per unit of time, defined over a specified interval or, where a suitable continuous model exists, at an instant.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the temporal sense of rate registered as vr.tr.rate in XCT / XCT.TME: how a quantity, change or event count relates to time, including its interpretation, estimation and conditions of use.", "in_scope": [ "The quantity, change or event count expressed per unit time", "Average, instantaneous and event-frequency interpretations", "Time units, observation windows and effective exposure durations", "Observed, estimated, nominal and target rates", "Comparability, aggregation and time integration of rates", "Uncertainty and validity limits of rate estimates" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Exchange rates between currencies, which are ratios without a required time denominator", "Standalone amounts, counts and durations", "Prices, proportions and other ratios whose denominator is not time", "The mechanisms producing motion, flow, growth or events", "Domain-specific policies governing acceptable rate values" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A rate requires a time denominator or an explicit relationship to elapsed time; a ratio measured at a particular date is not thereby a temporal rate.", "An amount accumulated over an interval differs from its rate: the latter also requires the interval or effective exposure duration.", "An average rate describes an interval, while an instantaneous rate describes a local derivative or a stated approximation to one.", "Equal units do not establish equal meanings: event frequency, fractional growth rate and angular frequency can all involve inverse time while supporting different interpretations.", "A signed change rate can represent decrease; a simple event-count frequency cannot be negative." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Numerator meaning", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Accumulated quantity, signed quantity change, event count or explicitly defined alternative", "why_it_matters": "Determines what the rate expresses and whether negative values or accumulation operations are meaningful." }, { "name": "Rate value", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Numerator unit per stated time unit; for example, metres per second or events per hour", "why_it_matters": "Provides the magnitude while retaining the units needed for interpretation and conversion." }, { "name": "Temporal interpretation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Interval average, instantaneous derivative, windowed estimate or periodic frequency", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from treating differently supported measurements as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Temporal support", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Reference instant, interval boundaries, window rule and effective exposure duration", "why_it_matters": "Identifies when the rate applies and which time contributes to its denominator." }, { "name": "Reference process and boundary", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Measured process, counted event definition, system boundary and any population or baseline", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes rates that share a unit but measure different processes or reference sets." }, { "name": "Value status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed, estimated, predicted, nominal, target or limit", "why_it_matters": "Separates evidence about activity from expectations and constraints." }, { "name": "Normalization basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Absolute quantity per time, relative change per time or count per entity-time", "why_it_matters": "Determines which baseline or exposure information must accompany the value." }, { "name": "Uncertainty and resolution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Uncertainty interval in rate units, stated coverage where applicable, timestamp resolution and sampling interval", "why_it_matters": "Limits the comparisons and actions justified by an estimated rate." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify whether a reported value satisfies the registered temporal sense of rate.", "Convert compatible rate units while preserving the numerator meaning and temporal basis.", "Estimate an interval rate from quantities or event counts and valid elapsed exposure.", "Compare or aggregate rates after checking boundaries, normalization and time support.", "Integrate a suitable rate over time to estimate an accumulated quantity or change.", "Evaluate a rate against a compatible target or limit while accounting for uncertainty." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "rate-meaning", "name": "Rate meaning", "description": "Record what is expressed per time and which interpretation makes the value a rate.", "rationale": "A per-time expression is incomplete without identifying whether it concerns accumulation, change, recurrence or normalization.", "layers": [ { "id": "numerator-semantics", "name": "Numerator semantics", "description": "Specify the quantity or event definition represented by the numerator.", "findings": [ { "id": "quantity-change-or-count", "name": "Quantity, change or count", "description": "Record whether the numerator is an accumulated quantity, a signed change or a count of qualifying events.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exactly is accumulated, changed or counted, and in which unit?", "kind": "definition", "id": "quantity-change-or-count-q01" }, { "text": "Does the numerator permit negative values, and what would their sign mean?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "quantity-change-or-count-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "temporal-sense", "name": "Temporal sense", "description": "Distinguish a temporal rate from neighbouring ratio concepts.", "findings": [ { "id": "time-denominator-test", "name": "Time denominator test", "description": "Require elapsed time, exposure time or differentiation with respect to time, rather than merely a timestamp attached to a ratio.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where does time enter the definition or calculation of this value?", "kind": "definition", "id": "time-denominator-test-q01" }, { "text": "Is this a temporal rate, or a neighbouring ratio such as a currency exchange rate?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "time-denominator-test-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "temporal-basis", "name": "Temporal basis", "description": "Record the interval, instant and clock conventions supporting a rate.", "rationale": "The same events or quantity changes yield different rates when the observation window or included exposure changes.", "layers": [ { "id": "window-and-exposure", "name": "Window and exposure", "description": "Identify the time span and the portion actually contributing to the denominator.", "findings": [ { "id": "effective-duration", "name": "Effective duration", "description": "Distinguish wall-clock duration from active observation time, operating time or summed entity-time.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the interval boundaries, and which pauses or unobserved periods are included?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "effective-duration-q01" }, { "text": "Does the denominator represent elapsed time for one process or exposure summed across multiple entities?", "kind": "definition", "id": "effective-duration-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "local-and-average-rates", "name": "Local and average rates", "description": "Record whether the value applies across an interval or approximates behaviour at an instant.", "findings": [ { "id": "temporal-support-rule", "name": "Temporal support rule", "description": "Specify averaging, differentiation or windowing rules and the temporal location assigned to the result.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the reported rate an interval average, an instantaneous derivative or a windowed approximation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "temporal-support-rule-q01" }, { "text": "Which window width, alignment and time unit were used to produce the reported value?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "temporal-support-rule-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "rate-estimation", "name": "Rate estimation", "description": "Record how observations or models support the reported rate.", "rationale": "Counting events and estimating derivatives introduce different errors that affect whether a rate is usable.", "layers": [ { "id": "derivation-method", "name": "Derivation method", "description": "Connect the value to observations, calculation rules or a declared model.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-to-rate", "name": "Evidence to rate", "description": "Record the inputs and method used to obtain the rate, including corrections and smoothing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations or model outputs supply the numerator and time denominator?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-to-rate-q01" }, { "text": "Was the value calculated by division, finite differences, differentiation, event timing or another stated method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "evidence-to-rate-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "estimate-reliability", "name": "Estimate reliability", "description": "Capture limitations introduced by sparse events, uncertain quantities and temporal resolution.", "findings": [ { "id": "uncertainty-and-missing-observation", "name": "Uncertainty and missing observation", "description": "Keep an observed zero distinct from absent exposure or missing data, and qualify precision using the estimation method.", "questions": [ { "text": "What uncertainty follows from event counts, numerator error, timing error and any estimation assumptions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "uncertainty-and-missing-observation-q01" }, { "text": "Does a zero or missing result mean no qualifying activity, insufficient resolution, no valid exposure or unavailable observations?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "uncertainty-and-missing-observation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "rate-comparability", "name": "Rate comparability", "description": "Establish when rate values can be converted, compared or combined.", "rationale": "Matching labels or units can conceal incompatible event definitions, baselines and averaging rules.", "layers": [ { "id": "units-and-normalization", "name": "Units and normalization", "description": "Preserve semantic and dimensional meaning during conversion and comparison.", "findings": [ { "id": "compatible-rate-bases", "name": "Compatible rate bases", "description": "Record unit conversions and any reference quantity required for relative or exposure-normalized rates.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do these rates use the same numerator definition, system boundary and normalization basis?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "compatible-rate-bases-q01" }, { "text": "Which unit conversions or baseline information are required before comparison?", "kind": "action", "id": "compatible-rate-bases-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aggregation-rules", "name": "Aggregation rules", "description": "Determine how rates combine across time intervals or concurrent processes.", "findings": [ { "id": "denominator-aware-combination", "name": "Denominator-aware combination", "description": "For compatible interval ratios, retain their numerators and denominators; separately assess whether concurrent rates are additive.", "questions": [ { "text": "Should the combined value use total numerator divided by total exposure, addition of concurrent rates or another justified rule?", "kind": "action", "id": "denominator-aware-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Would overlapping intervals, duplicate events or unequal exposure make the proposed combination misleading?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "denominator-aware-combination-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "rate-use", "name": "Rate use", "description": "Record which calculations and decisions the rate supports.", "rationale": "Using a rate to infer totals or trigger action requires assumptions beyond its numerical value.", "layers": [ { "id": "accumulation-and-projection", "name": "Accumulation and projection", "description": "Specify the relationship between a rate and a quantity accumulated or changed over time.", "findings": [ { "id": "integration-conditions", "name": "Integration conditions", "description": "Distinguish direct integration of an absolute rate from relative-rate calculations requiring a baseline and an evolution rule.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does integrating this rate yield an accumulated amount, a signed change, an expected event count or another quantity?", "kind": "definition", "id": "integration-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "What constancy, interpolation, baseline or compounding assumptions are required to project beyond the observed interval?", "kind": "action", "id": "integration-conditions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "targets-and-limits", "name": "Targets and limits", "description": "Separate actual rate evidence from intended performance and decision thresholds.", "findings": [ { "id": "decision-compatible-rate", "name": "Decision-compatible rate", "description": "Record the status of a value and whether its temporal support and uncertainty fit the intended decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this value observed, estimated, predicted, nominal, a target or a limit, and who or what establishes that status?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "decision-compatible-rate-q01" }, { "text": "Does the decision rule specify a compatible averaging window, threshold duration and treatment of uncertainty?", "kind": "action", "id": "decision-compatible-rate-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This description covers the temporal sense supplied, excluding prices, ratings, and non-temporal ratios also called rates.", "Event rate, periodic frequency, and conditional hazard have distinct operational definitions; the intended process determines which applies.", "Standards and unit conventions are recalled rather than checked; no universal identifier or numerical range is asserted for rate itself." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of rate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Average rate over a finite interval", "Instantaneous rate expressed as a time derivative", "Event occurrence rate", "Periodic frequency", "Relative or fractional rate of change" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of rate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM)", "value_or_pattern": "/s", "note": "Represents reciprocal seconds; identifies a unit, not the rate concept or the process being measured." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of rate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The International System of Units (SI), documented in the BIPM SI Brochure, defines the second and derived units used to express rates.", "ISO 80000-3, Quantities and units - Space and time, issued by ISO, standardizes relevant quantities and units." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of rate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Measuring production throughput as completed items per hour.", "Describing material flow as mass or volume per second.", "Expressing changes in position, temperature, or other quantities over time.", "Counting arrivals, failures, or other events per observation time.", "Describing periodic oscillations through frequency." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of rate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Average rate of change", "typical_range": "No universal range; may be negative, zero, or positive.", "unit": "Unit of the changing quantity divided by a time unit" }, { "quantity": "Event occurrence rate", "typical_range": "Nonnegative; upper limits depend on the process and measurement system.", "unit": "s⁻¹ or events per specified time unit" }, { "quantity": "Periodic frequency", "typical_range": "Nonnegative; relevant scales depend on the phenomenon.", "unit": "Hz" }, { "quantity": "Relative rate of change", "typical_range": "May be negative, zero, or positive; undefined where its normalizing quantity is zero.", "unit": "s⁻¹, often reported as percent per specified time unit" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of rate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Reporting a rate without specifying the time unit or observation interval.", "Treating an interval average as an instantaneous value and overlooking bursts or fluctuations.", "Averaging rates without weighting by the appropriate time or exposure denominator.", "Estimating derivatives from noisy measurements, which can amplify error.", "Confusing a relative rate with an absolute change or assuming a reported percentage rate specifies a compounding convention." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of rate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Preferred reporting units vary by jurisdiction and industry, including kilometres versus miles per hour and litres versus gallons per minute." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of rate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "ratio", "difference": "A ratio compares quantities generally; this sense of rate requires time in the denominator." }, { "name": "frequency", "difference": "Frequency concerns repetitions or occurrences per time; a rate can describe change in any suitable quantity." }, { "name": "period", "difference": "A period is the duration of a cycle; for a periodic process, frequency is its reciprocal." }, { "name": "speed", "difference": "Speed is a particular rate involving distance or motion; rate does not specify the numerator quantity." }, { "name": "exchange rate", "difference": "An exchange rate compares values of currencies or other exchangeable quantities; despite its name, its denominator is not time." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of rate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the registry's temporal sense explicitly include entity-time rates and hazard rates, or link them to narrower models that supply their additional conditioning rules?", "Which disciplinary definitions distinguish event frequency, periodic frequency and angular frequency, and which distinctions should this general model require?", "How should simple fractional change per time, logarithmic growth rates and effective compounded rates be represented without implying they are interchangeable?", "Which conventions should govern calendar-based units such as months and years when converting rates to fixed elapsed-time units?", "Which existing Vercy models own duration, frequency, ratio and accumulation, and what links would preserve one source of truth for their shared concepts?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a rate, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: audio, audio frequency, radio frequency, infrared, infrared frequency, station, extremely low frequency, ELF, very low frequency, VLF, low frequency, LF.", "81 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a rate, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "audio", "audio frequency", "radio frequency", "infrared", "infrared frequency", "station", "extremely low frequency", "ELF", "very low frequency", "VLF", "low frequency", "LF" ] } ], "standing": "81 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one rate from another, and a rate from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a rate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a rate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a rate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a rate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a rate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a rate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a rate sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a rate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a rate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a rate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a rate from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a rate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a rate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a rate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a rate passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a rate between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a rate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a rate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a rate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a rate, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a rate is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a rate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a rate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a rate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What rate is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of rate are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is rate operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of rate and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of rate?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as rate?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a rate came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a rate and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a rate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a rate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a rate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a rate is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a rate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a rate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a rate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }