{ "model": { "rank": 5100, "code": "thing-restraint", "model_id": "vr.tr.restraint", "name": "restraint", "purpose": "a device that retards something's motion", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/restraint/", "tier": 2, "score": 70, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "airbrake", "dive brake", "arrester", "arrester hook", "ball and chain", "bellyband", "belt buckle", "bench hook", "brake pad", "brake shoe", "shoe", "skid", "buckle", "carpet tack", "catch", "stop", "clasp", "cleat", "clinch", "clothespin", "clothes pin", "clothes peg", "clout nail", "clout", "combination lock", "corrugated fastener", "wiggle nail", "cotter", "cottar", "cotter pin", "cringle", "eyelet", "loop", "grommet", "grummet", "cylinder lock", "doorlock", "doornail", "doorstop", "doorstopper" ], "aliasCount": 115, "merged": 70, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "portable", "scale": "handheld", "affordances": [ "graspable", "operable" ] }, "markers": [ "artifact", "device" ], "lexicalClass": "noun.artifact", "senseRank": 5, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-04088956-n", "ili": "i58117", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:39:55Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0881b-ff1d-7473-919a-000f9298eae5\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: restraint\nSense to describe: a device that retards something's motion\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 64.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0881b-ff0e-7900-863a-a6f9d92331e2\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: restraint\nRegistry id: vr.tr.restraint\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: a device that retards something's motion\nNames folded into " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-RESTRAINT", "registryId": "vr.tr.restraint", "name": "restraint", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/restraint/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.restraint", "name": "restraint", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a restraint device, assess its ability to retard specified motion, and identify the conditions for applying, adjusting or releasing it.", "definition": "A restraint is a physical device that opposes or limits the motion of a body through an applied resisting force or a mechanical constraint.", "scope_statement": "This model covers restraint as a physical device under vr.tr.restraint in PHY / PHY.OBJ: its motion-retarding function, interaction with the restrained target, reaction path, operating states and release conditions, expressed at the device-kind level.", "in_scope": [ "The target motion and degrees of freedom the device is intended to retard", "The mechanism that develops restraining force or torque", "Contact, attachment and anchorage interfaces that transmit restraint loads", "Engagement, adjustment, retention and release behaviour", "Load limits, deterioration and failure modes relevant to maintaining or releasing restraint", "Application-specific evidence needed to judge whether a restraint is suitable" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Restraint as self-control, a legal restriction or an organisational policy", "The complete vehicle, machine, structure or other system incorporating the device", "The full model of the person, animal or object being restrained", "Product catalogues and individual device inventory records", "Clinical, legal or operational authority to restrain a person or animal", "Standalone models of neighbouring device kinds, whose overlap with restraint requires registry checking" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "It is a physical device with an identifiable mechanism for opposing motion; an instruction or prohibition alone does not qualify.", "Retarding a specified target motion is an intended function, rather than incidental friction, weight or obstruction.", "Its restraining effect can be traced through contact or coupling to a reaction body or opposing part.", "It may limit excursion, reduce motion or hold position; complete immobilisation is not required by the registry definition.", "A brake, damper, clamp or tether may satisfy this definition, so overlap must be resolved through function and registry relationships rather than assumed exclusion." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Restrained target and application", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Target kind, target interface and intended use context", "why_it_matters": "Suitability depends on what receives the restraining load and under what circumstances." }, { "name": "Restrained degrees of freedom", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Translation or rotation about specified axes; one-way or bidirectional restraint", "why_it_matters": "A device can oppose one motion while leaving another free." }, { "name": "Motion-retarding mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Examples to verify: tension, friction, positive mechanical engagement, elastic resistance or dissipative resistance", "why_it_matters": "The mechanism determines how resistance develops and what can defeat it." }, { "name": "Reaction path", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Restrained target → contact or connector → restraint elements → reaction body", "why_it_matters": "The device cannot deliver its intended effect if the load path is incomplete or unsuitable." }, { "name": "Rated restraint load", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "N for force or N·m for torque, with direction, duration and rating basis", "why_it_matters": "Load ratings are meaningful only with their test conditions and intended loading mode." }, { "name": "Permitted travel and compliance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm or m of translation; degrees or radians of rotation; load-displacement relationship where relevant", "why_it_matters": "Slack, stretch and deformation determine how far the target can move before and during restraint." }, { "name": "Dynamic loading envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Applicable speed in m/s or rad/s, energy in J, and loading duration in s", "why_it_matters": "Holding a steady load and arresting moving mass are different demands." }, { "name": "Engagement and retention state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Released, partly engaged, engaged, secured against unintended release, jammed or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Apparent contact does not establish that the restraint is carrying or ready to carry load." }, { "name": "Actuation and power dependency", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Manual, passive or powered; separate dependencies for engagement, retention and release", "why_it_matters": "Loss of power or actuation can affect holding and release differently." }, { "name": "Release under load", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Permitted, restricted, prohibited or unverified, with specified release conditions", "why_it_matters": "Release may be impossible under load or may allow sudden target motion." }, { "name": "Condition for continued service", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Serviceable, inspection required, withdrawn, single-use function expended or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Wear, damage and previous loading can invalidate an otherwise suitable restraint." } ], "affordances": [ "Match a restraint kind to the required target motion, interface and loading envelope", "Identify the attachments and reaction body needed to establish its restraint load path", "Determine whether engagement and retention are verifiable before relying on restraint", "Identify permitted adjustment or release actions from the device's state and documented conditions", "Flag inspection, replacement or withdrawal when condition or loading history invalidates use", "Record unresolved overlap with neighbouring device models and unresolved application requirements" ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "motion-and-functional-boundary", "name": "Motion and functional boundary", "description": "Identify the motion the restraint opposes and the limits of this registered sense.", "rationale": "The broad definition must distinguish intended restraint from incidental resistance without prematurely excluding overlapping device kinds.", "layers": [ { "id": "target-motion", "name": "Target motion", "description": "Describe the target and the motion against which restraint is intended.", "findings": [ { "id": "restrained-motion-definition", "name": "Restrained motion definition", "description": "Record target motion, direction and intended residual freedom as matters to establish for each restraint kind.", "questions": [ { "text": "What target and which translational or rotational degrees of freedom is this restraint intended to oppose?", "kind": "definition", "id": "restrained-motion-definition-q01" }, { "text": "How much motion remains permitted, and is the intended effect slowing, limiting excursion or holding position?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "restrained-motion-definition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-device-boundaries", "name": "Neighbouring device boundaries", "description": "Resolve overlap with devices whose functions can also retard motion.", "findings": [ { "id": "restraint-role-and-registry-overlap", "name": "Restraint role and registry overlap", "description": "Establish whether restraint is the defining device function or a role already represented by another registered model.", "questions": [ { "text": "What establishes that retarding motion is an intended function rather than an incidental effect of contact or support?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "restraint-role-and-registry-overlap-q01" }, { "text": "Which existing registry or world-model entries cover the same brake, damper, clamp, tether or other mechanism, and how should this entry relate to them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "restraint-role-and-registry-overlap-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "resistance-and-load-path", "name": "Resistance and load path", "description": "Describe how restraining force develops and passes between the target and a reaction body.", "rationale": "A restraint's effectiveness depends on its mechanism and the complete chain transmitting its load.", "layers": [ { "id": "resistance-generation", "name": "Resistance generation", "description": "Characterise the physical mechanism and its response to target motion.", "findings": [ { "id": "restraining-response", "name": "Restraining response", "description": "Establish how resistance varies with engagement, displacement or speed, including whether energy is stored or dissipated.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which physical mechanism produces the opposing force or torque, and what initiates that resistance?", "kind": "definition", "id": "restraining-response-q01" }, { "text": "How does resistance vary with displacement or speed, and what evidence describes energy storage, dissipation or rebound?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "restraining-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "attachments-and-reaction", "name": "Attachments and reaction", "description": "Trace the restraint load through target interfaces, connectors and reaction points.", "findings": [ { "id": "complete-restraint-load-path", "name": "Complete restraint load path", "description": "Identify the interfaces that must remain engaged and the load directions they must sustain.", "questions": [ { "text": "Through which contacts, connectors and anchorage or opposing parts does the target's restraint load pass?", "kind": "definition", "id": "complete-restraint-load-path-q01" }, { "text": "Which interface dimensions, load directions and connection conditions determine compatibility with the target and reaction body?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "complete-restraint-load-path-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "restraint-capacity-and-target-effects", "name": "Restraint capacity and target effects", "description": "Establish the loading envelope and the consequences of transferring load to the target.", "rationale": "Preventing motion is insufficient if the device, attachment or restrained target cannot tolerate the resulting loads.", "layers": [ { "id": "static-and-dynamic-capacity", "name": "Static and dynamic capacity", "description": "Separate sustained holding performance from response to moving or suddenly loaded targets.", "findings": [ { "id": "load-rating-basis", "name": "Load rating basis", "description": "Record capacity only with the conditions and evidence that make the rating applicable.", "questions": [ { "text": "What force or torque can the restraint sustain, in which directions and for what duration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "load-rating-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What test or technical source distinguishes working capacity from proof load, failure load and dynamic arrest performance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "load-rating-basis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "travel-and-contact-consequences", "name": "Travel and contact consequences", "description": "Account for movement before restraint takes effect and for loads concentrated at the target interface.", "findings": [ { "id": "target-motion-and-load-transfer", "name": "Target motion and load transfer", "description": "Determine whether slack, deformation and contact loading are compatible with the intended restraint outcome.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much target travel results from initial slack, engagement delay and deformation under the specified load?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "target-motion-and-load-transfer-q01" }, { "text": "What target-specific limits on contact force, pressure, deformation or sudden deceleration constrain suitability?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "target-motion-and-load-transfer-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "engagement-retention-and-release", "name": "Engagement, retention and release", "description": "Represent the transitions that establish restraint, keep it effective and permit motion again.", "rationale": "A restraint can fail through incomplete engagement or unintended release, while inability to release can create a separate operational problem.", "layers": [ { "id": "establishing-and-retaining-restraint", "name": "Establishing and retaining restraint", "description": "Identify engagement actions, retention mechanisms and observable evidence of state.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-engagement", "name": "Verified engagement", "description": "Separate partial contact, functional engagement and protection against unintended disengagement.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sequence establishes restraint, and what indicators or checks distinguish partial engagement from effective retention?", "kind": "action", "id": "verified-engagement-q01" }, { "text": "How do power loss, vibration, load reversal or actuator failure affect the retained state?", "kind": "definition", "id": "verified-engagement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "controlled-release", "name": "Controlled release", "description": "Establish the prerequisites and consequences of restoring target motion.", "findings": [ { "id": "release-conditions-and-resulting-motion", "name": "Release conditions and resulting motion", "description": "Record documented release provisions, including restrictions imposed by applied load or stored energy.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under what load and energy conditions may the restraint be adjusted or released, and what must support or control the target first?", "kind": "action", "id": "release-conditions-and-resulting-motion-q01" }, { "text": "What documented release method remains available if the normal actuator, power supply or retention mechanism fails?", "kind": "action", "id": "release-conditions-and-resulting-motion-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "serviceability-and-suitability-evidence", "name": "Serviceability and suitability evidence", "description": "Connect condition, loading history and application requirements to continued reliance on the restraint.", "rationale": "Restraint capacity and release behaviour can change through deterioration or prior loading, and suitability claims require application-specific support.", "layers": [ { "id": "deterioration-and-withdrawal", "name": "Deterioration and withdrawal", "description": "Identify defects and events that impair holding, retention or release.", "findings": [ { "id": "loss-of-restraint-performance", "name": "Loss of restraint performance", "description": "Establish mechanism-specific inspection and withdrawal criteria without assuming that visible intactness proves serviceability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which wear, corrosion, deformation, contamination or connector defects can cause slipping, separation or failure to release?", "kind": "definition", "id": "loss-of-restraint-performance-q01" }, { "text": "Which inspection results, overload events or expended components require servicing, replacement or withdrawal?", "kind": "action", "id": "loss-of-restraint-performance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-and-rating-evidence", "name": "Application and rating evidence", "description": "Identify the sources and applicability limits behind performance and conformity claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-suitability-claims", "name": "Supported suitability claims", "description": "Require evidence that addresses the intended restraint application and the relevant device configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which standards or certification schemes apply to this restraint subtype and use, and who issues them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-suitability-claims-q01" }, { "text": "Which technical documents or test records support its ratings, interface requirements and service limits, and to which configurations do they apply?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-suitability-claims-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is a broad functional category; the listed kinds overlap and do not constitute a formal classification.", "Applicable standards and rated loads depend on the application, so no universal standard or typical measurement range is asserted.", "The intended registry boundary should be checked, particularly whether brakes and dampers are included or treated as neighbouring categories." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of restraint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Strap or belt restraints", "Tether restraints", "Clamping restraints", "Chocks and wedges", "Mechanical stops", "Braking restraints" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of restraint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Securing cargo against movement during transport", "Limiting occupant movement in vehicles", "Holding workpieces during machining or assembly", "Preventing parked wheeled equipment from rolling", "Limiting the travel of moving mechanical components" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of restraint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Overload can break the restraint or pull out its anchorage.", "Loose attachment, poor fit or insufficient friction can allow slipping or escape.", "Wear, fatigue, corrosion or material degradation can reduce load capacity.", "Sudden engagement can impose impact loads on the restrained body and its supporting structure.", "Unintended release can permit uncontrolled motion; failure to release can cause entrapment." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of restraint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "brake", "difference": "A brake specifically resists motion to reduce speed or hold position; a restraint can instead limit travel through a tether, clamp or stop." }, { "name": "damper", "difference": "A damper dissipates energy to reduce motion or oscillation, but need not prevent displacement or retain a body within a fixed boundary." }, { "name": "fastener", "difference": "A fastener joins components; a restraint is defined by its motion-limiting function, although one device can perform both roles." }, { "name": "restraint", "difference": "This entry covers a physical device, rather than self-control, a restriction imposed by authority or the act of restraining." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of restraint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend restraint to include brakes and dampers directly, or should those concepts remain separate models linked by a motion-retarding role?", "Which existing world model, if any, already covers this concept and should serve as its single source of truth?", "Which restraint subtypes need distinct extensions for cargo, machinery, occupants, people or animals without splitting the registered thing prematurely?", "Which primary sources establish representative load, travel and dynamic-performance ranges for the included subtypes?", "Which application-specific standards, inspection criteria and release requirements can be substantiated, and which cannot be generalised across restraint devices?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 15, "questions": 25 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a restraint, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "a device that retards something's motion", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "portable", "scale": "handheld" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "picked up and handled", "operated or controlled" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: airbrake, dive brake, arrester, arrester hook, ball and chain, bellyband, belt buckle, bench hook, brake pad, brake shoe, shoe, skid.", "70 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a restraint, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Fits in a hand and is carried without help.", "Moved by a person without machinery.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "pick it up, hold it, put it somewhere else", "operate it, set it, turn it on and off" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "airbrake", "dive brake", "arrester", "arrester hook", "ball and chain", "bellyband", "belt buckle", "bench hook", "brake pad", "brake shoe", "shoe", "skid" ] } ], "standing": "70 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one restraint from another, and a restraint from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a restraint sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a restraint from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a restraint is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples at handheld scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a restraint is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a restraint is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a restraint is, how it got there and where it may go (portable).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a restraint is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a restraint is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a restraint passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a restraint between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a restraint, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a restraint is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What restraint is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does restraint perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise restraint, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How restraint is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does restraint have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does restraint need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about restraint is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about restraint hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern restraint, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a restraint came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a restraint and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a restraint is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a restraint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a restraint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a restraint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }