{ "model": { "rank": 4495, "code": "thing-speech-communication", "model_id": "vr.tr.speech-communication", "name": "speech", "purpose": "(language) communication by word of mouth", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/speech-communication/", "tier": 2, "score": 75, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "plea bargain", "plea bargaining", "speech communication", "spoken communication", "spoken language", "language", "voice communication", "oral communication", "pronunciation", "orthoepy", "conversation", "crossfire", "phatic speech", "phatic communication", "exchange", "chat", "confab", "confabulation", "schmooze", "schmoose", "chitchat", "chit-chat", "chit chat", "small talk", "gab", "gabfest", "gossip", "tittle-tattle", "chin wag", "chin-wag", "chin wagging", "chin-wagging", "causerie", "gossiping", "gossipmongering", "scandalmongering", "talk", "talking", "cant", "pious platitude" ], "aliasCount": 145, "merged": 75, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "readable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.communication", "senseRank": 1, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-07123904-n", "ili": "i74022", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:21:13Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087d3-df17-7631-919b-5b9ffb96b700\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: speech\nSense to describe: (language) communication by word of mouth\nDomain code: INF.MED\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n#", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 69.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087d3-df04-72b2-9214-8c866863e3fa\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: speech\nRegistry id: vr.tr.speech-communication\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.MED\nRegistry definition: (language) communication by word of mouth\nNames fol" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-SPEECH-COMMUNICATION", "registryId": "vr.tr.speech-communication", "name": "speech", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/speech-communication/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.speech-communication", "name": "speech", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise spoken language, assess how reliably it communicates in context, and decide how it may be interpreted, relayed or transformed.", "definition": "Speech is the production and use of articulated vocal signals to express linguistic meaning in spoken communication.", "scope_statement": "This model owns speech as communication through spoken language, including utterances and exchanges, their vocal expression, contextual interpretation and transmission; it does not treat speech primarily as a prepared address or a person's capacity to speak.", "in_scope": [ "Spoken utterances and their boundaries within an exchange", "Linguistic content, language varieties and changes between languages", "Vocal delivery, timing and prosodic cues relevant to interpretation", "Speaker and addressee roles, turn-taking and conversational repair", "Live, recorded and mediated delivery of spoken language", "Interpretation uncertainty and conditions governing capture, attribution and reuse" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Language as an abstract grammatical and semantic system", "Writing and signed languages as distinct modes of linguistic expression", "Nonlinguistic vocal sounds considered independently of accompanying speech", "Speech anatomy, disorders, diagnosis and treatment", "The recording file, microphone or transmission infrastructure as an independently managed object", "A prepared address as an authored work, and its publication or edition history" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The communication uses spoken linguistic expression; a written transcript represents speech but is not itself a spoken occurrence.", "Laughter, coughing and other vocal sounds do not become speech solely because they communicate something; their relationship to spoken language must be established.", "The entry covers spoken communication generally, including brief conversational turns, rather than only a formal address called 'a speech'.", "A repeated sentence can have the same wording while constituting a different utterance with a different speaker, time, addressee or communicative force.", "Human, synthetic and replayed voices require separate origin labels; an audible voice alone does not establish a live human speaker." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Language and variety", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named or coded languages and varieties by segment; mixed, uncertain or unidentified", "why_it_matters": "Determines which linguistic resources and interpretive assumptions are appropriate." }, { "name": "Utterance extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Start and end offsets in seconds relative to a stated recording or interaction clock, with boundary uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Makes claims about wording, timing and speaker changes traceable to a particular stretch of speech." }, { "name": "Speaking rate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Words per minute or syllables per second, with segmentation and pause-inclusion method stated", "why_it_matters": "Supports pacing and accessibility decisions without treating different measurement methods as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Intelligibility", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Proportion of words correctly recovered under a stated listener task and listening condition; unknown when untested", "why_it_matters": "Separates evidence of listener understanding from signal quality or automated transcription confidence." }, { "name": "Prosodic delivery", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed stress, intonation, rhythm and pause patterns, with annotation method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Preserves vocal cues that wording alone may fail to convey." }, { "name": "Participant roles", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Attributed speaker or voice source, intended addressee and other participants; unknown roles allowed", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of references and turns while separating voice attribution from verified identity." }, { "name": "Delivery mode", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "In-person live, remotely transmitted live, recorded playback, synthetic rendering or mixed", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether immediate response is possible and what origin evidence is needed." }, { "name": "Interpretation status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Uninterpreted, provisional, participant-confirmed, disputed or unresolved, attached to a specific interpretation", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a plausible reading from being treated as established speaker intent." }, { "name": "Reuse conditions", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to applicable consent, permissions and restrictions, specifying action, audience and duration; unknown where unestablished", "why_it_matters": "Lets an agent distinguish permission to listen from permission to record, share, quote or generate a derivative." } ], "affordances": [ "Segment spoken exchanges into attributable utterances while retaining overlap and uncertain boundaries.", "Transcribe speech with timestamps, alternatives and markers for inaudible or uncertain wording.", "Identify candidate languages and interpret utterances against their conversational context.", "Request repetition or clarification when wording, reference or intended action remains unclear.", "Translate, caption or summarise speech while preserving attribution and marking lost or uncertain vocal cues.", "Relay or reuse speech within established permissions while distinguishing original delivery from transformed output." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "utterance-and-linguistic-expression", "name": "Utterance and linguistic expression", "description": "Establishes which spoken occurrence is being modelled and what linguistic material it contains.", "rationale": "Speech unfolds in time, and its boundaries and wording cannot always be recovered as clean sentences.", "layers": [ { "id": "spoken-occurrence", "name": "Spoken occurrence", "description": "Locates an utterance within an interaction or recording and distinguishes it from repetitions and representations.", "findings": [ { "id": "utterance-boundaries", "name": "Utterance boundaries", "description": "Record the evidence used to delimit speech, retaining incomplete turns, interruptions and uncertain endpoints.", "questions": [ { "text": "What counts as the modelled unit here: a turn, an intonation unit, an utterance or another explicitly defined segment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "utterance-boundaries-q01" }, { "text": "Where does the segment begin and end, and how are overlap and uncertain boundaries represented?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "utterance-boundaries-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spoken-wording", "name": "Spoken wording", "description": "Captures language choice and recoverable expression without silently regularising the speaker's delivery.", "findings": [ { "id": "language-and-wording-evidence", "name": "Language and wording evidence", "description": "Separate observed speech, transcription hypotheses and edited wording, including code-switching and disfluencies where relevant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which languages or varieties occur in each segment, and what evidence supports their identification?", "kind": "definition", "id": "language-and-wording-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which words, repetitions, fillers or unfinished constructions are recoverable, and which remain uncertain or were editorially normalised?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "language-and-wording-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "vocal-delivery-and-intelligibility", "name": "Vocal delivery and intelligibility", "description": "Represents the audible delivery and the conditions under which listeners can recover it.", "rationale": "Speech communicates through timing and vocal patterns as well as words, and its recoverability depends on listening conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "prosody-and-timing", "name": "Prosody and timing", "description": "Records vocal emphasis and temporal organisation relevant to the particular utterance.", "findings": [ { "id": "audible-delivery-cues", "name": "Audible delivery cues", "description": "Describe stress, intonation, pauses and rate while distinguishing acoustic observations from interpretations of attitude or emotion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which stress, pitch movement or pause patterns distinguish possible readings of this utterance?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "audible-delivery-cues-q01" }, { "text": "Which proposed meanings of these vocal cues depend on language, context or listener judgement rather than observation alone?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "audible-delivery-cues-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "listener-recoverability", "name": "Listener recoverability", "description": "Assesses whether wording can be understood by the intended listeners under specified conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "intelligibility-and-obstruction", "name": "Intelligibility and obstruction", "description": "Record listener evidence and obstacles such as masking noise, overlap or transmission loss without conflating them with speaker competence.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much wording can the relevant listeners recover, under what conditions and using what assessment method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "intelligibility-and-obstruction-q01" }, { "text": "Would repetition, slower delivery, reduced noise or accompanying text address the observed difficulty?", "kind": "action", "id": "intelligibility-and-obstruction-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "meaning-in-conversation", "name": "Meaning in conversation", "description": "Connects spoken wording to references, communicative acts and the evolving exchange.", "rationale": "The same words can function differently depending on who says them, what preceded them and how participants respond.", "layers": [ { "id": "reference-and-communicative-force", "name": "Reference and communicative force", "description": "Tracks contextual dependencies and candidate interpretations of what a speaker is doing by speaking.", "findings": [ { "id": "contextual-interpretation", "name": "Contextual interpretation", "description": "Separate recoverable wording from proposed referents and communicative force, retaining alternatives when context is insufficient.", "questions": [ { "text": "What context resolves expressions such as 'I', 'here', 'that one' or 'tomorrow', and which references remain unresolved?", "kind": "definition", "id": "contextual-interpretation-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports interpreting the utterance as a request, assertion, question, quotation, joke or another communicative act?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contextual-interpretation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "turns-and-repair", "name": "Turns and repair", "description": "Represents participation, uptake and attempts to correct problems in speaking or understanding.", "findings": [ { "id": "interactional-response", "name": "Interactional response", "description": "Track turn relations, backchannels, interruptions and clarification sequences without assuming that silence or acknowledgement establishes agreement.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does this turn relate to the preceding speech, and what participant response provides evidence of understanding or misunderstanding?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "interactional-response-q01" }, { "text": "Should an agent answer, wait, request clarification or confirm an interpretation before acting on this utterance?", "kind": "action", "id": "interactional-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "voice-origin-and-transformation", "name": "Voice origin and transformation", "description": "Traces whose expression is represented and how speech reaches its present audible or textual form.", "rationale": "A voice may be live, replayed, dubbed or synthesised, and a transcript or translation can introduce changes that affect attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "speaker-and-voice-origin", "name": "Speaker and voice origin", "description": "Distinguishes audible voice sources from verified people and from authors of the wording.", "findings": [ { "id": "attribution-evidence", "name": "Attribution evidence", "description": "Record the basis and limits of speaker attribution, including cases where a person reads another author's words or a system renders them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who or what produced the audible voice, who supplied the wording, and which of these attributions are verified?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attribution-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Is this a live utterance, playback, synthetic rendering or composite, and what evidence establishes that status?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attribution-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "representations-and-derivatives", "name": "Representations and derivatives", "description": "Relates the spoken occurrence to recordings, transcripts, captions, translations and edits.", "findings": [ { "id": "transformation-trace", "name": "Transformation trace", "description": "Make omissions, wording changes and alignment limits visible across representations of the same speech.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source segment supports this transcript, caption, translation or edited audio, and what transformations were applied?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "transformation-trace-q01" }, { "text": "Which timing, emphasis, ambiguity or participant cues were lost or altered enough to affect interpretation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "transformation-trace-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "audience-and-permitted-use", "name": "Audience and permitted use", "description": "Connects speech to its intended audience and the established conditions for agent handling.", "rationale": "Hearing an utterance does not by itself establish its intended audience or authorise every subsequent use.", "layers": [ { "id": "address-and-exposure", "name": "Address and exposure", "description": "Distinguishes intended recipients from incidental listeners and later audiences.", "findings": [ { "id": "audience-context", "name": "Audience context", "description": "Record whether speech is addressed to the agent, another participant or a wider audience, and whether capture changes its exposure.", "questions": [ { "text": "To whom was this speech addressed, and was the agent an intended recipient or an incidental listener?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "audience-context-q01" }, { "text": "Would the proposed relay, quotation or storage expose the speech to an audience beyond the established context?", "kind": "action", "id": "audience-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capture-and-reuse-conditions", "name": "Capture and reuse conditions", "description": "Records action-specific authority and restrictions relevant to processing spoken communication.", "findings": [ { "id": "authorised-speech-handling", "name": "Authorised speech handling", "description": "Keep the basis for recording, transcribing, sharing and deriving new output explicit, with unresolved conditions marked as unknown.", "questions": [ { "text": "What established consent, permission or applicable rule governs recording, transcription, retention and sharing in this context?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authorised-speech-handling-q01" }, { "text": "Does the proposed use, including generated voice output where relevant, fall within those conditions or require additional authority?", "kind": "action", "id": "authorised-speech-handling-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recall-based information; no sources or current standard editions were checked.", "Speaking-rate figures are illustrative, not universal norms; word counts are not directly comparable across all languages.", "The listed kinds overlap rather than forming an exclusive taxonomy; sung speech occupies a boundary with singing." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of speech this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Spontaneous conversational speech", "Prepared or read-aloud speech", "Monologic speech", "Whispered speech", "Sung speech" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of speech this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "Three-letter language codes", "note": "Identifies the language used, not an individual speech event or speech as a medium." }, { "scheme": "BCP 47 language tags", "value_or_pattern": "Language subtags optionally combined with script, region and variant subtags", "note": "Labels the language of speech content; does not uniquely identify a speaker, recording or utterance." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of speech this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Phonetic Alphabet - International Phonetic Association; provides notation for transcribing speech sounds.", "ITU-T Recommendation P.800 - International Telecommunication Union; specifies methods for subjective assessment of transmission quality, including speech quality.", "IEC 60268-16 - International Electrotechnical Commission; specifies objective rating of speech intelligibility using the Speech Transmission Index." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of speech this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Face-to-face conversation and social coordination", "Teaching, explanation and oral transmission of knowledge", "Broadcasting, public address and oral performance", "Telephone and voice communication services", "Voice interfaces, dictation and speech recognition" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of speech this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Speaking rate", "typical_range": "Approximately 100-200 in many ordinary adult speaking contexts; strongly dependent on language, task and treatment of pauses", "unit": "words per minute" }, { "quantity": "Word intelligibility score", "typical_range": "0-100; the observed result depends on listeners, material and listening conditions", "unit": "percent correctly identified words" }, { "quantity": "Speech Transmission Index", "typical_range": "0-1, the scale bounds rather than a typical conversational range", "unit": "dimensionless" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of speech this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Noise, reverberation and competing voices can mask speech and reduce intelligibility.", "Ambiguity, unfamiliar vocabulary and differences in pronunciation can produce misunderstanding.", "Speech production or hearing difficulties can impede communication, with effects depending on available accommodations.", "Transmission dropouts, clipping and audio processing artifacts can remove or distort meaningful cues.", "Overheard, recorded or intercepted speech can disclose private information." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of speech this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Languages and regional varieties differ in speech sounds, phonological contrasts, rhythm, stress and intonation.", "Conventions for turn-taking, politeness, address and acceptable silence vary across communities.", "Multilingual communities vary in patterns of code-switching and the spoken varieties used in different settings." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of speech this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "language", "difference": "Language is a system of linguistic expression; speech is its vocal realization, while language can also be signed or written." }, { "name": "voice", "difference": "Voice concerns vocal sound production and its qualities; speech requires linguistic articulation and can occur without vocal-fold vibration, as in whispering." }, { "name": "utterance", "difference": "An utterance is a particular communicative production; speech is the broader activity or medium." }, { "name": "public speech", "difference": "A public speech is a particular address or genre; the requested sense includes everyday spoken communication." }, { "name": "speech recording", "difference": "A recording preserves a particular realization of speech on a carrier; it is distinct from the communicative activity and its linguistic content." }, { "name": "nonlinguistic vocalization", "difference": "Sounds such as coughing or unarticulated laughter need not encode words or linguistic structure, although they may accompany speech." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of speech this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the authoritative registry treatment include sung linguistic expression, private self-talk and synthetic spoken output under this sense of speech, or require explicit links to neighbouring entries?", "Which existing Vercy world model, if any, already owns spoken communication and should be reused rather than duplicated?", "What segmentation conventions best accommodate overlap, unfinished utterances and differences across languages without imposing written-sentence boundaries?", "Which intelligibility measures are suitable for the intended listeners and languages, and how should their results remain distinct from automated recognition confidence?", "Which jurisdiction-specific and context-specific sources must establish capture and reuse conditions, especially for incidental speech and generated voice derivatives?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a speech, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "(language) communication by word of mouth", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: plea bargain, plea bargaining, speech communication, spoken communication, spoken language, language, voice communication, oral communication, pronunciation, orthoepy, conversation, crossfire.", "75 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a speech, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "plea bargain", "plea bargaining", "speech communication", "spoken communication", "spoken language", "language", "voice communication", "oral communication", "pronunciation", "orthoepy", "conversation", "crossfire" ] } ], "standing": "75 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one speech from another, and a speech from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a speech, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a speech, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a speech is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a speech, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a speech, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a speech is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a speech sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a speech, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a speech, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a speech is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a speech from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a speech, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a speech, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a speech is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a speech passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a speech between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a speech, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a speech, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a speech is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a speech, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a speech is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a speech, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a speech, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a speech is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a speech says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a speech contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a speech, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a speech, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a speech is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a speech and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a speech, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a speech, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a speech is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of speech a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For speech, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of speech exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made speech and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to speech, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in speech, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a speech came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a speech and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a speech, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a speech, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a speech is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a speech is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a speech, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a speech, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a speech is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }