{ "model": { "rank": 4862, "code": "thing-time-tops", "model_id": "vr.tr.time-tops", "name": "time", "purpose": "the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.TOP", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/time-tops/", "tier": 2, "score": 72, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "rhythm", "beat", "musical rhythm", "backbeat", "downbeat", "upbeat", "offbeat", "syncopation", "geological time", "geologic time", "biological time", "cosmic time", "civil time", "standard time", "local time", "daylight-saving time", "daylight-savings time", "daylight saving", "daylight savings", "present", "nowadays", "now", "here and now", "present moment", "moment", "date", "past", "past times", "yesteryear", "yore", "bygone", "water under the bridge", "old", "history", "future", "hereafter", "futurity", "time to come", "kingdom come", "musical time" ], "aliasCount": 117, "merged": 72, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.Tops", "senseRank": 4, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-00028468-n", "ili": "i35582", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T06:07:00Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-TIME-TOPS", "registryId": "vr.tr.time-tops", "name": "time", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.TOP" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/time-tops/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.time-tops", "name": "time", "purpose": "Let an agent handle time as a top-level concept linking measured time, experience of time and time in music and culture.", "definition": "The continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past; the top-level concept of time, as distinct from measured time and musical rhythm.", "what_it_is_for": "The entry above time measurements, calendars and temporal concepts.", "affordances": [ "measure and represent it", "experience and describe it", "order events in it", "study it in physics and philosophy" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The continuum of events", "Physical, experienced and social time differ", "Measured time is a separate entry", "Musical rhythm is a different sense" ], "appearance": "Not visible; represented by clocks, calendars and timelines.", "visual_identification": [ "Clocks, calendars and timelines", "Musical time and rhythm are a separate sense merged in aliases", "Specific time concepts are separate entries" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "physical time", "experienced time", "social and calendar time", "musical time and rhythm" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "has kind", "target": "time (measured), day, week, year", "why": "concepts" }, { "relation": "is studied by", "target": "physics and philosophy", "why": "fields" }, { "relation": "orders", "target": "event", "why": "events" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "rhythm", "why": "musical sense" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "SI definition of the second", "ISO 8601" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Mixing senses of time", "Unit and zone errors in measured time" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "senses", "name": "Senses", "description": "Which time.", "rationale": "Time has several senses.", "layers": [ { "id": "kind", "name": "Kind", "description": "Physical, experienced, social.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-finding", "name": "Sense", "description": "Which sense.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sense of time is meant?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is there a more specific entry?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "music", "name": "Music", "description": "Rhythm and metre.", "findings": [ { "id": "music-finding", "name": "Musical time", "description": "Musical sense.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is musical time or rhythm meant?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which metre?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measurement", "name": "Measurement", "description": "Measured time.", "rationale": "Measurement links to standards.", "layers": [ { "id": "units", "name": "Units", "description": "Seconds and calendars.", "findings": [ { "id": "units-finding", "name": "Units", "description": "Units and scales.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which units and scales apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which time zone?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ordering", "name": "Ordering", "description": "Before and after.", "findings": [ { "id": "ordering-finding", "name": "Ordering", "description": "Ordering events.", "questions": [ { "text": "In what order did events occur?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How certain?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "experience", "name": "Experience", "description": "Time as lived.", "rationale": "Experience of time varies.", "layers": [ { "id": "perception", "name": "Perception", "description": "Felt duration.", "findings": [ { "id": "perception-finding", "name": "Perception", "description": "Perceived time.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is time perceived in this context?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What affects it?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Time in cultures.", "findings": [ { "id": "culture-finding", "name": "Culture", "description": "Cultural time.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do cultures structure time differently?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which calendars apply?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "theory", "name": "Theory", "description": "Physics and philosophy.", "rationale": "Theories are debated.", "layers": [ { "id": "physics", "name": "Physics", "description": "Relativity.", "findings": [ { "id": "physics-finding", "name": "Physics", "description": "Physical theories.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does physics say about time here?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is it established or speculative?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "philosophy", "name": "Philosophy", "description": "Debates.", "findings": [ { "id": "philosophy-finding", "name": "Philosophy", "description": "Philosophical views.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which philosophical views apply?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are they presented fairly?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "How should this top-level entry relate to measured time?", "Should musical rhythm be split off?", "How should philosophical debates be represented?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a time, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: rhythm, beat, musical rhythm, backbeat, downbeat, upbeat, offbeat, syncopation, geological time, geologic time, biological time, cosmic time.", "72 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a time, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "rhythm", "beat", "musical rhythm", "backbeat", "downbeat", "upbeat", "offbeat", "syncopation", "geological time", "geologic time", "biological time", "cosmic time" ] } ], "standing": "72 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one time from another, and a time from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a time, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a time, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a time is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a time, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a time, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a time is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a time sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a time, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a time, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a time is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a time from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a time, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a time, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a time is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a time passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a time between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a time, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a time, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a time is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a time, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a time is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a time, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a time, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a time is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What time is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of time are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is time operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of time and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of time?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as time?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a time came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a time and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a time, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a time, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a time is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a time is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a time, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a time, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a time is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }