tube
conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an agent to recognise a tube, assess its ability to hold or conduct specified contents, and determine suitable installation, use, inspection and replacement actions.
A tube is an elongated hollow object whose wall encloses a longitudinal passage, usually of circular cross-section, used to contain or convey liquids, gases, or objects.
It can be Select a tube for specified contents, dimensions and documented service conditions.; Route, support and connect a tube within established bending and interface limits.; Hold contents or guide their movement through the internal passage.; Inspect the wall, openings and passage for damage, leakage or obstruction.; Clean or clear the passage using a method compatible with the wall and contents.; Isolate, repair where qualified, or replace a tube whose condition no longer supports its intended service..
Distinguishing features
Has an elongated internal passage enclosed by a wall along its length; an open channel does not meet this test.
Provides a hollow space for holding or conducting contents; a solid rod does not meet this test.
Its intended role includes containment or conveyance; hollow appearance alone does not establish membership.
Can hold contents without through-flow, so a closed end does not automatically exclude it.
Labels such as pipe, hose and sleeve do not by themselves establish a separate kind; classification requires the intended function and the registry boundary.
Scope
+ The hollow passage, enclosing wall, ends and openings of a tube
+ Rigid and flexible tubes with circular or other cross-sections
+ Containment and conveyance of specified objects, liquids or gases
+ Tube materials, linings and construction features relevant to service
+ Connection, support, inspection and service limits of a tube
- Pumps, compressors and other devices that drive contents through a tube
- Complete piping networks and their system-level control
- Separate valves, fittings, connectors and supports
- Contained substances or transported objects as independently modelled things
- Hollow members used solely for structural support without a containment or conveyance role
- Biological organs and electronic devices called tubes when they do not match the registered conduit sense
Characteristics
- Passage geometry
- Internal diameter or cross-sectional dimensions in mm; minimum clear area in mm² Determines available passage space and whether contents or transported objects can pass.
- Length and route
- Centreline length in m; bend radius in mm Affects installation fit, passage continuity and resistance to movement.
- Wall geometry
- External dimensions and wall thickness in mm, with tolerances Supports assessment of connection fit and wall integrity.
- Cross-section form
- Circular, oval, rectangular or other specified profile; constant or varying Avoids assuming that every tube is cylindrical or has a uniform bore.
- Wall construction
- Specified material, lining, reinforcement and seam construction Identifies the surfaces and structures whose compatibility and limits must be established.
- Intended contents
- Referenced liquids, gases or objects, including relevant composition or dimensions Makes suitability conditional on what the tube must hold or conduct.
- Service envelope
- Documented limits linking pressure differential in kPa, temperature in °C and service conditions Prevents a rating from being applied outside its stated conditions.
- End and opening configuration
- Open, closed, joined or otherwise specified ends; intermediate openings and interface dimensions Determines containment boundaries and connection requirements.
- Passage and wall condition
- Clear, obstructed, deformed, leaking, damaged or unknown, with inspection evidence Separates intended capability from the tube's current usable state.
Analytical facets
- substance
- material
- origin
- manufactured
- agency
- inert
- mobility
- fixed
- scale
- built
- affordances
- traversable
Also called
+74
Where this came from
oewn:2024 · CC BY 4.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 19 findings · 38 questions.
Conduit identity and geometry Establishes the tube's functional boundary and the geometry of its hollow passage.
An agent must distinguish a usable conduit from an object that merely has a tubular shape.
Tube kind boundary
Locates the registered conduit sense among neighbouring kinds and named products.
Containment or conveyance role
Record why the elongated hollow object qualifies as a tube under the registry definition.
- What objects, liquids or gases is this kind of tube intended to hold or conduct? definition
- Does the entry describe the conduit kind, a particular product design or an individual installed tube? boundary
- How does the registry relate this tube to entries named pipe, hose or sleeve? boundary
Passage and wall dimensions
Describes internal clearance, wall dimensions and changes along the tube.
Effective passage profile
Record dimensions that determine actual clearance rather than relying only on a nominal size.
- What are the internal profile, external profile, wall thickness and length, with units and tolerances? measurement
- Where do bends, seams, corrugations or local restrictions reduce the usable passage? measurement
- Which sizing convention or drawing defines any nominal dimensions? provenance
Wall and content compatibility Connects tube construction to the contents and environments it may encounter.
The hollow shape alone cannot establish whether a tube will preserve its wall or its contents during service.
Wall composition and construction
Identifies the materials and construction features forming the containment boundary.
Contact wall and supporting wall
Distinguish the surface contacting contents from linings, reinforcement and external protection.
- Which materials form the inner surface, wall body, reinforcement and outer surface? definition
- What records establish material identity and whether the tube is seamless, seamed, layered or otherwise constructed? provenance
Content and environment exposure
Assesses compatibility under the intended exposure conditions.
Conditional compatibility
Record compatibility evidence for specified contents, external exposure and cleaning methods.
- What evidence supports compatibility at the intended concentration, temperature and exposure duration? provenance
- What limits apply to contamination, permeation, absorption or release of material from the tube wall? boundary
- Which cleaning agents or exposure conditions require restriction or further qualification? action
Containment and transport service Defines the tube's operating role and the evidence supporting its service limits.
Holding a liquid, carrying gas and guiding a solid object impose different requirements on the same basic hollow form.
Contents and driving conditions
Describes what moves or remains inside and what causes movement.
Service mode
Identify storage, fluid conveyance or object guidance and the conditions required for that mode.
- Is the tube used for static containment, continuous flow, intermittent transfer or passage of discrete objects? definition
- What fluid throughput or transported-object dimensions and clearances are required, with units? measurement
- What external pressure source, gravity arrangement or mechanical drive moves the contents? boundary
Qualified service limits
Keeps operating limits attached to their evidence and conditions.
Pressure, temperature and deformation envelope
Record applicable limits without treating a single rating as universal.
- What internal and external pressure differentials, temperatures and bend limits are documented for the intended service? measurement
- Which manufacturer records, tests or standards with identified issuing bodies support those limits? provenance
- Which combinations of conditions require derating, additional qualification or withdrawal from service? action
Ends, routing and installation Describes how the tube joins its surroundings while retaining its required passage and containment.
End preparation, connection fit and routing can determine whether an otherwise suitable tube works in an installation.
Ends and intermediate openings
Defines where contents enter, leave or are retained.
Opening and joint compatibility
Record integral end features and requirements imposed on separate joining components.
- Which ends and intermediate openings are open, closed or connected, and what integral end features are present? definition
- What dimensions, tolerances and joining specifications govern compatible connections? measurement
- What preparation and verification are required before an end connection enters service? action
Routing and restraint
Captures installation conditions affecting passage shape and wall loading.
Installed shape and support
Record permitted bends, restraints and movement for the selected tube construction.
- What route, bend radii, support spacing and movement allowance does the installation require? measurement
- What evidence establishes allowable bending, clamping and end loads for this tube? provenance
- How should the tube be installed to avoid kinking, crushing, abrasion or excessive joint loading? action
Passage integrity and intervention Connects observable tube condition to decisions about continued use and intervention.
A tube may retain its external shape while losing internal clearance or containment integrity.
Wall and bore condition
Separately assesses wall integrity and the ability of contents to pass.
Obstruction and containment evidence
Record inspection evidence for deposits, blockage, deformation, wall damage and leakage.
- What inspection or test establishes current passage clearance and containment integrity? provenance
- What wall loss, deformation, blockage or leakage has been measured, and where? measurement
- Which acceptance criteria determine whether the observed condition permits continued service? action
Cleaning, repair and replacement
Defines interventions appropriate to the tube's contents, construction and condition.
Qualified return to service
Link intervention choices to isolation requirements and evidence of restored suitability.
- What isolation, draining, depressurisation or other preparation is required before opening or working on this tube? action
- Which cleaning, clearing or repair methods are qualified, and when is replacement required? action
- What verification must follow intervention before the tube may hold or conduct its intended contents again? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- This describes the conduit sense, not electronic tubes, anatomical structures, or hollow sections used solely as structural members.
- The listed ASTM specifications cover particular materials and uses, not tubes universally; applicable editions and service requirements need verification.
- There is no universal capacity, pressure rating, power source, or control system for this category; these belong to particular tube designs and installations.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of tube this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Rigid tubing
- Flexible tubing
- Seamless tubing
- Welded tubing
- Capillary tubing
- Reinforced tubing
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of tube this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Outside diameter × wall thickness - OD × t, with units - A common dimensional designation, supplemented by material, grade, and applicable specification; it is not a unique identifier.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of tube this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- ASTM International ASTM B88: specification for seamless copper water tube.
- ASTM International ASTM A269/A269M: specification for seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of tube this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Carrying water, air, refrigerants, and process fluids.
- Transferring heat through tube walls in heat exchangers.
- Delivering liquids or gases in laboratory and medical equipment.
- Transporting capsules or other objects in pneumatic conveying systems.
- Containing samples or protecting objects placed inside the passage.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of tube this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Outside diameter - Application-dependent; no single useful range across this category. - mm
- Wall thickness - Specified together with diameter, material, and service conditions. - mm
- Length - Supplied as cut lengths or coils; application-dependent. - m
- Allowable working pressure - Depends on material, dimensions, temperature, joints, and design requirements. - Pa
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of tube this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Rupture from excessive internal pressure, potentially releasing hazardous contents or stored energy.
- Collapse under external pressure or vacuum conditions.
- Kinking, crushing, or blockage that restricts the passage.
- Leaks caused by corrosion, erosion, cracking, punctures, or failed connections.
- Material degradation or contamination caused by incompatible contents or unsuitable temperatures.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of tube this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Dimensions may be specified in millimetres or inches; nominal size labels do not necessarily equal measured diameters.
- The distinction between 'tube' and 'pipe' varies by industry and regional usage.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of tube this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- pipe - An overlapping conduit category often designated by nominal pipe size and wall series; tubing is often designated by actual outside diameter and wall thickness, but this is not a universal boundary.
- hose - A flexible conduit intended to accommodate bending or movement; some flexible tubes also qualify as hoses.
- duct - Usually denotes a passage for air or other gases, often with a larger or noncircular cross-section; usage overlaps.
- channel - An open channel lacks the enclosing wall around the passage that characterizes a tube.
- rod - A rod is ordinarily solid rather than enclosing a longitudinal passage.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of tube this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does an existing Vercy world model already cover this conduit concept, requiring a registry link rather than a separate publication?
- How does the registry distinguish tube from pipe, hose, sleeve and hollow structural members where their functions overlap?
- Which tube application families require specialised extensions, and which standards and issuing bodies govern each family?
- Which authoritative sources establish sizing conventions, service envelopes and inspection criteria for the tube families included?
- Where should the boundary fall for perforated tubes, porous walls and closed-ended containers whose containment or conveyance role is ambiguous?