{ "model": { "rank": 8253, "code": "thing-wrongdoing", "model_id": "vr.tr.wrongdoing", "name": "wrongdoing", "purpose": "activity that transgresses moral or civil law", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/wrongdoing/", "tier": 2, "score": 52, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "wrongful conduct", "misconduct", "actus reus", "brutalization", "brutalisation", "trespass", "encroachment", "violation", "intrusion", "usurpation", "inroad", "tort", "civil wrong", "alienation of affection", "invasion of privacy", "continuing trespass", "trespass de bonis asportatis", "trespass on the case", "trespass quare clausum fregit", "trespass viet armis", "malversation", "misbehavior", "misbehaviour", "misdeed", "delinquency", "juvenile delinquency", "ruffianism", "abnormality", "irregularity", "indecency", "impropriety", "obscenity", "indiscretion", "peccadillo", "infantilism", "malfeasance", "misfeasance", "malpractice", "perversion", "infliction" ], "aliasCount": 87, "merged": 52, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.act", "senseRank": 1, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-00734044-n", "ili": "i39285", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T19:28:43Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-WRONGDOING", "registryId": "vr.tr.wrongdoing", "name": "wrongdoing", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/wrongdoing/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.wrongdoing", "name": "wrongdoing", "purpose": "Let an agent explain wrongdoing as a moral and legal concept, relay legal elements such as actus reus and categories such as torts and crimes from legal and ethics sources in general terms, describe the named wrongs, and distinguish wrongdoing from crime specifically, from sin, from mistakes and from the actus reus as one element, without personal legal advice.", "definition": "In the WordNet sense, activity that transgresses moral or civil law, also called wrongful conduct or misconduct, including in law the actus reus or guilty act element of a crime, and specific wrongs the registry aliases name such as trespass, an unlawful intrusion onto land or against a person, and brutalisation, cruel or degrading treatment; these are kinds or legal components of wrongdoing rather than synonyms.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a moral and legal concept.", "affordances": [ "explain the concept", "relay legal elements in general terms", "describe named wrongs", "distinguish related concepts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Moral or legal breach", "Civil and criminal", "Legal elements", "Named wrongs" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; conduct.", "visual_identification": [ "Conduct that breaks moral or civil law", "Wrongful conduct, misconduct, actus reus, trespass, brutalisation", "Crimes are legally defined offences; sin is religious; mistakes lack wrongful intent; actus reus is one element of a crime" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "WordNet hypernym", "typical_range": "transgression", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "criminal elements", "typical_range": "actus reus and mens rea", "unit": "list", "note": "common law" }, { "quantity": "trespass", "typical_range": "to land, goods or person", "unit": "note", "note": "tort law" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "criminal offences", "torts such as trespass", "professional misconduct", "moral wrongs", "abuse and brutalisation" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "transgression", "why": "in WordNet terms" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "trespass", "why": "" }, { "relation": "has element", "target": "actus reus", "why": "in criminal law" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "mistake", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "WordNet", "value_or_pattern": "oewn-00408356-n", "note": "hypernym of wrongdoing" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Criminal and tort law", "Professional conduct codes" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Agents giving personal legal advice", "Confusing moral and legal wrongs", "Treating hyponyms as synonyms" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What wrongdoing is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is wrongdoing, and how does it differ from crime, sin, mistakes and actus reus?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question general, or about a personal legal situation or abuse needing a lawyer or support services?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "kinds", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Named wrongs.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinds-finding", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are misconduct, actus reus, trespass and brutalisation?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific wrong?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Law.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "criminal", "name": "Criminal", "description": "Criminal law.", "findings": [ { "id": "criminal-finding", "name": "Criminal", "description": "Criminal.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do actus reus and mens rea combine in criminal liability, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "civil", "name": "Civil", "description": "Civil wrongs.", "findings": [ { "id": "civil-finding", "name": "Civil", "description": "Civil.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are torts such as trespass, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ethics", "name": "Ethics", "description": "Ethics.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "moral", "name": "Moral", "description": "Moral wrongs.", "findings": [ { "id": "moral-finding", "name": "Moral", "description": "Moral.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do ethical theories define wrongdoing, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits ethics?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "professional", "name": "Professional", "description": "Misconduct.", "findings": [ { "id": "professional-finding", "name": "Professional", "description": "Professional.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do professions define and discipline misconduct?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits professional ethics?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Language.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "language", "name": "Language", "description": "Language.", "findings": [ { "id": "language-finding", "name": "Language", "description": "Language.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are wrongdoing, misconduct and wrongful conduct used differently?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits misconduct?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "abuse", "name": "Abuse", "description": "Abuse and cruelty.", "findings": [ { "id": "abuse-finding", "name": "Abuse", "description": "Abuse.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does brutalisation mean, and where can victims of abuse find help?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits abuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should actus reus be a separate entry?", "How should legal sources be linked?", "The registry aliases include legal components and specific wrongs; how should they be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a wrongdoing, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "activity that transgresses moral or civil law", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: wrongful conduct, misconduct, actus reus, brutalization, brutalisation, trespass, encroachment, violation, intrusion, usurpation, inroad, tort.", "52 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a wrongdoing, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "wrongful conduct", "misconduct", "actus reus", "brutalization", "brutalisation", "trespass", "encroachment", "violation", "intrusion", "usurpation", "inroad", "tort" ] } ], "standing": "52 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one wrongdoing from another, and a wrongdoing from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a wrongdoing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a wrongdoing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a wrongdoing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a wrongdoing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a wrongdoing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a wrongdoing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a wrongdoing sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a wrongdoing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a wrongdoing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a wrongdoing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a wrongdoing from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a wrongdoing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a wrongdoing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a wrongdoing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a wrongdoing passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a wrongdoing between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a wrongdoing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a wrongdoing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a wrongdoing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a wrongdoing, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a wrongdoing is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a wrongdoing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a wrongdoing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a wrongdoing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a wrongdoing proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a wrongdoing, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a wrongdoing and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a wrongdoing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a wrongdoing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a wrongdoing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a wrongdoing consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a wrongdoing takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a wrongdoing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a wrongdoing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a wrongdoing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What wrongdoing is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of wrongdoing are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is wrongdoing operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of wrongdoing and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of wrongdoing?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as wrongdoing?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a wrongdoing came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a wrongdoing and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a wrongdoing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a wrongdoing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a wrongdoing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a wrongdoing is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a wrongdoing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a wrongdoing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a wrongdoing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }