{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T10:55:24Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:30:07+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: WordNet gloss",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-ASPECT-RELATION",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.aspect-relation",
    "name": "aspect",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.REL"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/aspect-relation/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.aspect-relation",
    "name": "aspect",
    "purpose": "Let an agent handle grammatical aspect by language, form and meaning, for learners, linguists and language technology.",
    "definition": "In grammar, the category that expresses how an action or state extends over time, such as its beginning, duration, completion or repetition, including perfective, imperfective, progressive, habitual and durative aspects; distinct from tense.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Expressing the internal temporal structure of events in language.",
    "affordances": [
      "identify aspect in verb forms",
      "distinguish aspect from tense",
      "compare aspect systems across languages",
      "help learners choose the right form"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Internal time structure of events",
      "Distinct from tense",
      "Grammaticalised differently across languages",
      "Central in Slavic and many other languages"
    ],
    "appearance": "Verb forms and auxiliaries in text and speech.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Perfective and imperfective pairs",
      "Progressive forms such as is running",
      "Tense locates events in time instead"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "perfective aspect",
      "imperfective aspect",
      "progressive aspect",
      "habitual aspect",
      "durative and iterative aspects"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "grammatical category",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "tense",
        "why": "related category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is expressed by",
        "target": "inflection and auxiliaries",
        "why": "forms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "temporal relation",
        "why": "meaning"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "UniMorph and Universal Dependencies feature schemes"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing aspect with tense",
      "Assuming one language system applies to others"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain grammatical aspect in a language with examples from reliable grammars.",
        "Translate aspect distinctions faithfully between languages."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Treat aspect as tense or ignore aspect distinctions in a way that changes meaning.",
        "Present one language's aspect system as universal.",
        "Invent grammatical rules for languages without sources."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Translating legal or medical texts where aspect changes meaning."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Mistranslating aspect can change whether something is completed or ongoing."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Language learners",
        "Translators",
        "Readers of translations"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the concept; speech communities shape it.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "oewn",
      "title": "Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13826881-n",
      "url": "https://en-word.net/id/oewn-13826881-n",
      "what_it_supports": "sense and gloss of the concept",
      "url_status": "live",
      "checked_by": "http 200"
    },
    {
      "id": "wiktionary-en",
      "title": "Wiktionary: aspect",
      "url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspect",
      "what_it_supports": "word senses and usage",
      "url_status": "live",
      "checked_by": "http 200"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "form",
        "name": "Form",
        "description": "Which aspect.",
        "rationale": "Forms vary by language.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "identify",
            "name": "Identify",
            "description": "Verb form.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "identify-finding",
                "name": "Identify",
                "description": "Aspect identification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which aspect does this verb form express?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "In which language?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "versus-tense",
            "name": "Versus tense",
            "description": "Distinction.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "versus-tense-finding",
                "name": "Versus tense",
                "description": "Aspect versus tense.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about aspect or tense?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How do they combine here?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "languages",
        "name": "Languages",
        "description": "Systems.",
        "rationale": "Systems differ.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "system",
            "name": "System",
            "description": "Aspect system.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "system-finding",
                "name": "System",
                "description": "Aspect system.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does this language mark aspect, according to reference grammars?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Are verbs paired perfective and imperfective?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "lexical",
            "name": "Lexical",
            "description": "Aktionsart.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "lexical-finding",
                "name": "Lexical",
                "description": "Lexical aspect.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Does the verb meaning itself imply duration or completion?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does that interact with grammatical aspect?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learning",
        "name": "Learning",
        "description": "Learners.",
        "rationale": "Aspect is hard for learners.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "choice",
            "name": "Choice",
            "description": "Which form.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "choice-finding",
                "name": "Choice",
                "description": "Choosing a form.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which aspect should be used in this sentence, and why?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What changes if the other is used?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "examples",
            "name": "Examples",
            "description": "Contrasts.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "examples-finding",
                "name": "Examples",
                "description": "Contrastive examples.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which minimal pairs show the difference?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Are they natural?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "technology",
        "name": "Technology",
        "description": "Annotation.",
        "rationale": "Software tags aspect.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "annotation",
            "name": "Annotation",
            "description": "Features.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "annotation-finding",
                "name": "Annotation",
                "description": "Annotation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is aspect annotated in treebanks?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which feature values are used?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "translation",
            "name": "Translation",
            "description": "Between languages.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "translation-finding",
                "name": "Translation",
                "description": "Translation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How should aspect be rendered when translating?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What nuance may be lost?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should aspects be separate entries?",
    "How should language-specific systems be linked?",
    "How should lexical aspect be distinguished?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}