{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T19:59:15Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T19:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:48:07+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: WordNet gloss",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-CAUSE",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.cause",
    "name": "cause",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "ACT.EVT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/cause/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.cause",
    "name": "cause",
    "purpose": "Let an agent reason about causes carefully, distinguish causation from correlation, apply causal frameworks in science, medicine and law, and explain the aetiology of conditions with evidence.",
    "definition": "An event, condition or agent that produces an effect or brings something about, studied as causation in philosophy, science, medicine as aetiology, law and everyday reasoning, with distinctions such as necessary, sufficient, proximate and contributing causes; establishing causes requires evidence beyond correlation.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Understanding why things happen.",
    "affordances": [
      "identify candidate causes of an outcome",
      "distinguish correlation from causation",
      "apply causal criteria and frameworks",
      "explain aetiology and legal causation"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Generative relation",
      "Evidence-based",
      "Multiple types",
      "Domain-specific criteria"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; a relation between events.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Produces an effect",
      "Necessary, sufficient or contributing",
      "A correlation is not by itself a cause"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "physical causes",
      "aetiology of diseases",
      "legal causation",
      "social and economic causes",
      "root causes in engineering"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "event",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "beginning",
        "why": "origins"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "hypothesis",
        "why": "causal hypotheses"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "unrelatedness",
        "why": "absence of causal link"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Bradford Hill considerations in epidemiology",
      "Legal tests of causation",
      "Root cause analysis standards"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing correlation with causation",
      "Single-cause thinking",
      "Post hoc reasoning"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain kinds of causation and how causes are established in science, medicine and law.",
        "Distinguish correlation from causation when presenting data."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present a correlation as a proven cause in health, safety or policy claims.",
        "Name a person or group as the cause of harm without evidence.",
        "Give a single cause for a complex event when the evidence shows several.",
        "Claim to have established the cause of an individual's illness or death."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing causal findings that assign blame or liability."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Wrongly assigned causes lead to blame, scapegoating and wrong treatment.",
        "Causal claims drive policy that affects many people."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "People blamed for events",
        "Patients",
        "The public relying on findings"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the concept; it is held in common by philosophy and science.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "oewn",
      "title": "Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-07341157-n",
      "url": "https://en-word.net/id/oewn-07341157-n",
      "what_it_supports": "sense and gloss of the concept",
      "url_status": "live",
      "checked_by": "http 200"
    },
    {
      "id": "wiktionary-en",
      "title": "Wiktionary: cause",
      "url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cause",
      "what_it_supports": "word senses and usage",
      "url_status": "live",
      "checked_by": "http 200"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "Finding causes.",
        "rationale": "Evidence first.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "candidates",
            "name": "Candidates",
            "description": "Candidate causes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "candidates-finding",
                "name": "Candidates",
                "description": "Candidates.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the plausible causes of this outcome, and what evidence supports each?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Are there confounders or reverse causation?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "types",
            "name": "Types",
            "description": "Kinds of cause.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "types-finding",
                "name": "Types",
                "description": "Types.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is this cause necessary, sufficient, proximate or contributing?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Are multiple causes interacting?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "science",
        "name": "Science",
        "description": "Causal inference.",
        "rationale": "Methods matter.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "inference",
            "name": "Inference",
            "description": "Establishing causation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "inference-finding",
                "name": "Inference",
                "description": "Inference.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which methods, such as experiments or causal inference from observational data, can establish causation here?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are the limits of the evidence?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "aetiology",
            "name": "Aetiology",
            "description": "Causes of disease.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "aetiology-finding",
                "name": "Aetiology",
                "description": "Aetiology.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is known about the aetiology of this condition, according to medical sources?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the user asking about the cause of their own symptoms?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "law",
        "name": "Law",
        "description": "Legal causation.",
        "rationale": "Tests apply.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "tests",
            "name": "Tests",
            "description": "Causation tests.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "tests-finding",
                "name": "Tests",
                "description": "Tests.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do legal tests such as but-for and proximate cause work, in general terms?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the user asking for legal advice?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "root",
            "name": "Root",
            "description": "Root cause analysis.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "root-finding",
                "name": "Root",
                "description": "Root cause analysis.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can a root cause analysis be structured for this incident?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which contributing factors should be recorded?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "reason",
        "name": "Reason",
        "description": "Everyday reasoning.",
        "rationale": "Avoid fallacies.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "fallacies",
            "name": "Fallacies",
            "description": "Causal fallacies.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "fallacies-finding",
                "name": "Fallacies",
                "description": "Fallacies.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Does this argument commit a causal fallacy such as post hoc or single cause?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How can it be corrected?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "explain",
            "name": "Explain",
            "description": "Explaining causes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "explain-finding",
                "name": "Explain",
                "description": "Explaining.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can the causes of this event be explained clearly with appropriate uncertainty?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Are competing explanations attributed?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should causation be a separate entry?",
    "How should causal inference methods be linked?",
    "How should legal tests be localised?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}