{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T00:04:30Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:44:55+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q101352",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.family-name",
    "name": "family name",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q101352/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.family-name",
    "name": "family name",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain family names and their origins and systems across cultures, support genealogy and etymology questions with sources, describe naming laws and conventions, and handle names respectfully.",
    "definition": "A name shared by members of a family and passed between generations, added to given names to identify a person, with origins in patronymics, occupations, places and descriptions, varying by culture in form, order, inheritance and change at marriage, as in Ukrainian, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, locational and other surname traditions; family names are recorded in civil registries, studied in onomastics and genealogy, and regulated by naming laws.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Inherited names identifying families.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain origins and systems",
      "support genealogy and etymology",
      "describe naming laws",
      "handle names respectfully"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Inherited",
      "Cultural systems",
      "Etymological origins",
      "Legally regulated"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; words in names and records.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Shared and inherited name",
      "Culture-specific systems",
      "Given names are individual; clan names and patronymics may differ"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "patronymic and matronymic surnames",
      "occupational surnames",
      "locational surnames",
      "descriptive surnames",
      "surnames by language and country"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "surname",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "anthroponym",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Korean",
        "why": "a language with its own name system"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Canadians",
        "why": "peoples with diverse naming traditions"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Civil registration and naming laws",
      "Transliteration standards",
      "Data standards for personal names"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Misordering or mangling names from other cultures",
      "Folk etymologies presented as fact",
      "Privacy issues in genealogy"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Record and display family names in the order and spelling the person uses.",
        "Explain the general origins of family names, citing sources for any etymology."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Reorder, transliterate or anglicise a person's family name against their own usage.",
        "Infer a person's ethnicity, religion or caste from their family name for decisions about them.",
        "Present folk etymologies or claims of noble descent as established fact.",
        "Link living people into family trees from a shared surname without evidence or consent."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Changing a family name in an official record.",
        "Publishing genealogical links that involve living people."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "A family name carries identity and belonging; mangling it is a small daily disrespect.",
        "Surnames have been used to profile and discriminate against groups."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "People who bear the name",
        "Relatives in genealogies",
        "Minority communities"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The person who bears it; civil registries record it officially.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Civil registration and population registers"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q101352: family name",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101352",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Family name",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_name",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "Family name systems.",
        "rationale": "Onomastics.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "origins",
            "name": "Origins",
            "description": "Origins of surnames.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "origins-finding",
                "name": "Origins",
                "description": "Origins.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did family names arise, and what are patronymic, occupational, locational and descriptive origins?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific surname tradition?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "systems",
            "name": "Systems",
            "description": "Systems by culture.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "systems-finding",
                "name": "Systems",
                "description": "Systems.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do naming systems differ, including name order, gendered forms, patronymics and change at marriage, across cultures such as Ukrainian, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, East Asian and Spanish traditions?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How should a name from this culture be written and ordered?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "research",
        "name": "Research",
        "description": "Etymology and genealogy.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "etymology",
            "name": "Etymology",
            "description": "Meaning of a surname.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "etymology-finding",
                "name": "Etymology",
                "description": "Etymology.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the documented origin and meaning of this surname, according to onomastic sources, and what is uncertain?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is a folk etymology being presented as fact?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "genealogy",
            "name": "Genealogy",
            "description": "Genealogy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "genealogy-finding",
                "name": "Genealogy",
                "description": "Genealogy.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can family names be traced in records, and which privacy considerations apply to living people?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits genealogy?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "law",
        "name": "Law",
        "description": "Names and law.",
        "rationale": "Regulation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "rules",
            "name": "Rules",
            "description": "Naming laws.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "rules-finding",
                "name": "Rules",
                "description": "Laws.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What naming laws govern family names, changes and children names here?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is legal advice needed from a professional?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "data",
            "name": "Data",
            "description": "Names in data.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "data-finding",
                "name": "Data",
                "description": "Data.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How should family names be stored, transliterated and matched in data systems?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which standards exist?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "History and teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History of surnames.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "When and why did hereditary surnames spread in different societies, according to historians?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can name systems be taught respectfully?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each surname tradition be a separate entry?",
    "How should onomastic sources be linked?",
    "How should naming laws be linked by country?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}