{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T00:23:59Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:48:06+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q10251", "registryId": "vr.tr.plasma", "name": "plasma", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q10251/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.plasma", "name": "plasma", "purpose": "Let an agent explain plasma as a state of matter and its properties, describe natural and technological plasmas, support learning in plasma physics, and separate the blood plasma sense.", "definition": "A state of matter consisting of a gas of ions and free electrons that is electrically conductive and responds collectively to electromagnetic fields, found in stars, the solar wind, the intracluster medium and other astrophysical settings, in lightning and auroras, and in laboratory and industrial devices such as fusion experiments, plasma displays and etching tools; plasma is often called the fourth state of matter, and the word also names the liquid component of blood, a separate sense.", "what_it_is_for": "Ionised matter.", "affordances": [ "explain properties", "describe natural and technological plasmas", "support learning", "separate other senses" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Ionisation", "Conductivity", "Collective behaviour", "Most common visible matter in the universe" ], "appearance": "Glowing ionised gas in stars, lightning, auroras and lamps.", "visual_identification": [ "Ionised, conductive gas", "Collective electromagnetic behaviour", "Blood plasma is a liquid, another sense" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Electron number density", "unit": "m^-3", "typical_range": "", "note": "Determine free electron concentration using diagnostics such as interferometry, scattering or suitable probes." }, { "quantity": "Electron temperature", "unit": "K", "typical_range": "", "note": "Infer electron temperature from an appropriate diagnostic while stating whether the electron energy distribution supports a single temperature description." }, { "quantity": "Ionization fraction", "unit": "dimensionless", "typical_range": "", "note": "Determine the fraction of the gas that is ionized using measured species populations and an explicitly stated counting convention." }, { "quantity": "Electrical conductivity", "unit": "S/m", "typical_range": "", "note": "Determine conductivity from current response to an electric field while specifying direction and plasma conditions." } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "astrophysical plasmas", "space plasmas such as the solar wind", "laboratory and fusion plasmas", "industrial and low-temperature plasmas", "dusty and exotic plasmas" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "matter", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "gas", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "nuclear fission", "why": "related energy physics" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "thermodynamics", "why": "plasma thermodynamics" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Safety standards for plasma devices", "Fusion research regulation", "Scientific conventions in plasma physics" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing plasma with blood plasma", "Electrical and radiation hazards of plasma devices", "Overstating fusion readiness" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain plasma as a state of matter and distinguish it from blood plasma.", "Monitor plasma equipment it is authorized to operate, within safety limits." ], "must_not": [ "Operate plasma equipment with interlocks or shielding defeated.", "Overstate how close fusion power is.", "Confuse physical plasma with blood plasma in information." ], "requires_human": [ "Starting high-power plasma experiments or industrial runs." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Plasma devices carry high voltage, radiation and burn hazards." ], "affected_parties": [ "Lab and plant workers", "Students" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody owns the state; the operator of each device answers for it.", "master_systems": [] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q10251: plasma", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Plasma (physics)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What plasma is.", "rationale": "Physics.", "layers": [ { "id": "properties", "name": "Properties", "description": "Properties.", "findings": [ { "id": "properties-finding", "name": "Properties", "description": "Properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "What defines a plasma, and what are quasi-neutrality, Debye shielding and collective behaviour?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the physics sense or blood plasma meant?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "kinds", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds of plasma.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinds-finding", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do astrophysical, space, fusion, industrial and dusty plasmas differ in temperature and density?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific plasma?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "nature", "name": "Nature", "description": "Plasmas in nature.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "space", "name": "Space", "description": "Space and astrophysical plasmas.", "findings": [ { "id": "space-finding", "name": "Space", "description": "Space.", "questions": [ { "text": "What roles do plasmas play in stars, the solar wind, the intracluster medium and auroras?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits space weather?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "earth", "name": "Earth", "description": "Plasmas on Earth.", "findings": [ { "id": "earth-finding", "name": "Earth", "description": "Earth.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where do plasmas occur naturally on Earth, such as lightning and the ionosphere?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the ionosphere?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "technology", "name": "Technology", "description": "Plasma technology.", "rationale": "Applications.", "layers": [ { "id": "fusion", "name": "Fusion", "description": "Fusion energy.", "findings": [ { "id": "fusion-finding", "name": "Fusion", "description": "Fusion.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do fusion experiments confine plasmas, and what is the state of fusion energy research, according to research bodies?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which claims are overstated?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "industry", "name": "Industry", "description": "Industrial plasmas.", "findings": [ { "id": "industry-finding", "name": "Industry", "description": "Industry.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are plasmas used in lighting, displays, semiconductor etching, medicine and materials processing?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which safety rules apply?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and teaching.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was plasma identified and named, from Crookes and Langmuir onward?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can plasma physics be taught with demonstrations?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each plasma type be a separate entry?", "How should fusion resources be linked?", "How should space weather data be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }