{
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    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T22:13:41Z",
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      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:44:20+00:00",
      "fields": [
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  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1058691",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.communication-disorder",
    "name": "communication disorder",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.STA"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1058691/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.communication-disorder",
    "name": "communication disorder",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain communication disorders in general terms, including hearing loss that hinders communication and acquired aphasia, relay classifications, causes, assessment and therapy from speech and language therapy, audiology and psychiatric sources, point people to appropriate professionals and route sudden speech loss to emergency services, describe the named aliases, and distinguish disorders within this broad category from one another, from normal accents and dialects, and from broader conditions such as autism, without diagnosing individuals.",
    "definition": "A condition affecting the ability to receive, process, understand or express spoken, written or symbolic communication through impairments of speech, language or hearing, including speech sound disorders, language disorders, acquired aphasia, fluency disorders such as stuttering, voice disorders, social communication disorder and hearing loss that hinders communication. This broad category is not identical to the DSM-5 communication disorders classification, which includes language disorder, speech sound disorder, childhood-onset fluency disorder, social pragmatic communication disorder and unspecified communication disorder; voice disorders and the older label mixed receptive-expressive language disorder are not separate diagnoses in that DSM-5 category. The registry aliases also include asemia, the inability to understand or express any signs or symbols, stilted speech, overly formal speech sometimes seen in autism, and communication deviance, a research concept about unclear family communication. Speech and language therapists, audiologists and other relevant clinicians assess and treat these conditions within their professional scopes.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a group of conditions.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain classifications in general terms",
      "relay assessment and therapy",
      "describe named aliases",
      "point to speech and language therapists"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Speech, language, fluency or voice",
      "Developmental or acquired",
      "Treatable with therapy",
      "Not caused by accent"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not visible; noticed in speech, language, fluency or voice differences.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Communication disorders affect the ability to communicate through speech, language or hearing.",
      "Named conditions and associated concepts include communication deviance, asemia, childhood-onset fluency disorder, mixed receptive-expressive language disorder and stilted speech.",
      "Hearing loss that hinders communication and acquired aphasia fall within this broad sense; accents and dialects are normal variation, and autism is a broader developmental condition."
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "DSM-5 category",
        "typical_range": "communication disorders",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": "2013"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "stuttering prevalence in young children",
        "typical_range": "about 5-8",
        "unit": "percent",
        "note": "many recover, estimates vary"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "professional",
        "typical_range": "speech and language therapist or pathologist",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "speech sound disorders",
      "language disorders",
      "fluency disorders",
      "voice disorders",
      "social pragmatic communication disorder"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "specific developmental disorder",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "includes",
        "target": "stuttering",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is treated by",
        "target": "speech-language pathology",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "aphasia",
        "why": ""
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "DSM-5 and ICD-11 classifications",
      "Special education and disability laws",
      "Professional regulation of speech and language therapists"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Missing sudden speech loss as a stroke sign",
      "Stigmatising stuttering",
      "Treating dialects as disorders"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain communication disorders and their types in general terms.",
        "Urge emergency care for sudden speech loss, which can signal stroke."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Treat dialects or accents as disorders.",
        "Stigmatise stuttering or other communication disorders.",
        "Diagnose a person remotely.",
        "Delay care for sudden speech loss."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Any treatment or educational placement decision."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "People with communication disorders face exclusion and stigma."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "People with disorders",
        "Families",
        "Speech therapists"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns it; it is a condition.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1058691: communication disorder",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058691",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Communication disorder",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_disorder",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What a communication disorder is.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Has someone suddenly lost speech or has slurred speech or facial droop, in which case call emergency services for possible stroke?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is a communication disorder, and how does it differ from hearing loss, aphasia, accents and autism?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "aliases",
            "name": "Aliases",
            "description": "Named aliases.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "aliases-finding",
                "name": "Aliases",
                "description": "Aliases.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are asemia, stuttering, mixed receptive-expressive language disorder, stilted speech and communication deviance?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific condition?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "clinical",
        "name": "Clinical",
        "description": "Classification.",
        "rationale": "Science.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "classification",
            "name": "Classification",
            "description": "Classification.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "classification-finding",
                "name": "Classification",
                "description": "Classification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do DSM-5 and ICD-11 classify communication disorders?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "causes",
            "name": "Causes",
            "description": "Causes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "causes-finding",
                "name": "Causes",
                "description": "Causes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What developmental and acquired causes are recognised?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "support",
        "name": "Support",
        "description": "Therapy and school.",
        "rationale": "Regulation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "therapy",
            "name": "Therapy",
            "description": "Speech and language therapy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "therapy-finding",
                "name": "Therapy",
                "description": "Therapy.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do speech and language therapists assess and treat, in general terms?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits speech and language therapy?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "school",
            "name": "School",
            "description": "School support.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "school-finding",
                "name": "School",
                "description": "School.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What school support is available for children with communication needs?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits special educational needs?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Society.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "stigma",
            "name": "Stigma",
            "description": "Stigma.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "stigma-finding",
                "name": "Stigma",
                "description": "Stigma.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do stuttering and communication organisations address stigma?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation respectful?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "aac",
            "name": "AAC",
            "description": "Augmentative communication.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "aac-finding",
                "name": "AAC",
                "description": "AAC.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is augmentative and alternative communication?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits augmentative and alternative communication?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should asemia be a separate entry?",
    "The registry alias communication deviance is a research concept and should be reviewed",
    "How should therapy guidelines be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}