{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T00:11:07Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:46:02+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q105985",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.judiciary",
    "name": "judiciary",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "SOC.ORG"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q105985/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.judiciary",
    "name": "judiciary",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain judiciaries and their structures, identify the courts of a country with sources, describe judicial independence and appointment, and present debates about judiciaries with attribution.",
    "definition": "The system of courts and judges that interprets and applies the law, resolves disputes and reviews the lawfulness of public action within a state or international order, structured into levels such as trial, appellate and supreme or constitutional courts, and varying across countries from the Netherlands and Niger to Malta and mainland China; the judiciary is one of the branches of government, its independence is a principle of the rule of law, and international courts form a judiciary of international justice.",
    "what_it_is_for": "The court system of a state.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain structures",
      "identify courts of a country",
      "describe independence and appointment",
      "present debates with attribution"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Adjudication",
      "Hierarchy of courts",
      "Independence principle",
      "National variation"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical as a system; courts, judges and buildings.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Courts and judges applying law",
      "Branch of government",
      "The legislature makes law; the executive administers"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "common law judiciaries",
      "civil law judiciaries",
      "constitutional and supreme courts",
      "religious and customary courts",
      "international courts and tribunals"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "public authority",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "magistrate",
        "why": "judicial officers"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "administrative territorial entity of Poland",
        "why": "jurisdictions"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "confidential adviser-advisee relation",
        "why": "legal privilege"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Constitutions and judicial organisation laws",
      "International principles on judicial independence",
      "Codes of judicial conduct"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Political interference",
      "Delays and access barriers",
      "Partisan presentation of judicial disputes"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Report court structures, judgments and judicial appointments from official sources.",
        "Explain in general terms how courts and appeals work in a given jurisdiction."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Impersonate a court, judge or court officer.",
        "Help intimidate, threaten or improperly influence judges, jurors or witnesses.",
        "Misreport a judgment or present a pending case as decided.",
        "Give personal legal advice on a case before the courts."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Filing documents with a court on someone's behalf."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "An independent judiciary protects rights; attacks on it undermine everyone's protection.",
        "Court delays and costs keep justice out of reach for many people."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Litigants and accused persons",
        "Judges and court staff",
        "The public"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The state, under its constitution; judicial councils oversee the courts.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Court records and law reports"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q105985: judiciary",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105985",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Judiciary",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What a judiciary is.",
        "rationale": "Law.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "structure",
            "name": "Structure",
            "description": "Structure and levels.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "structure-finding",
                "name": "Structure",
                "description": "Structure.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are judiciaries structured into trial, appellate and supreme or constitutional courts, and how do common and civil law systems differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific court?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "country",
            "name": "Country",
            "description": "Judiciary of a country.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "country-finding",
                "name": "Country",
                "description": "By country.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is the judiciary of this country organised, according to official and scholarly sources?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral where the judiciary is contested?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "principles",
        "name": "Principles",
        "description": "Independence and appointment.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "independence",
            "name": "Independence",
            "description": "Judicial independence.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "independence-finding",
                "name": "Independence",
                "description": "Independence.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What does judicial independence mean, how is it protected, and how is it assessed by international bodies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which debates exist about judicial reform, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "judges",
            "name": "Judges",
            "description": "Appointment and conduct.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "judges-finding",
                "name": "Judges",
                "description": "Judges.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are judges appointed, trained, disciplined and removed in different systems?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits judges as a profession?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Using the courts.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "access",
            "name": "Access",
            "description": "Access to justice.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "access-finding",
                "name": "Access",
                "description": "Access.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can people access the courts here, and what legal aid and self-representation options exist?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is legal advice needed from a professional?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "international",
            "name": "International",
            "description": "International justice.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "international-finding",
                "name": "International",
                "description": "International.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the international courts and tribunals, and what is their jurisdiction?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific international court?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "History and teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History of judiciaries.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did judiciaries develop as separate branches of government, according to legal historians?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can court systems be taught in civic and legal education?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each national judiciary be a separate entry?",
    "How should court databases be linked?",
    "How should independence assessments be attributed?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}