{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T04:52:39Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:20:48+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1075",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.color",
    "name": "color",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QLT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1075/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.color",
    "name": "color",
    "purpose": "Let an agent specify colour precisely with a colour space or system, and handle the gap between physical light, perception, names and device reproduction.",
    "definition": "The property of light, and of objects that reflect or emit it, perceived as hue, saturation and lightness, arising from the spectral distribution of light and the response of the eye and brain.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Describing, matching and reproducing appearance, in design, printing, screens, paint, signals and science.",
    "affordances": [
      "measure it, with spectrophotometers and colorimeters",
      "specify it, in colour spaces or systems",
      "reproduce it, on screens, in print or with pigments",
      "name it, which is imprecise and language-dependent"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Partly physical, partly perceptual",
      "Specified in colour spaces with defined illuminants",
      "Device-dependent values (RGB, CMYK) differ from device-independent ones (CIELAB)",
      "Colour vision deficiency changes what people see"
    ],
    "appearance": "Everything seen has colour; the same object looks different under different light.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Colour names are approximate and cultural",
      "Codes such as hex #RRGGBB, Pantone numbers or CIELAB values specify colour",
      "Appearance depends on the light source and surroundings"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "visible wavelengths",
        "typical_range": "380-750",
        "unit": "nm",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "colour difference noticeable",
        "typical_range": "about 1-2",
        "unit": "Delta E",
        "note": "CIEDE2000"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "colour spaces: sRGB, CIELAB, CMYK",
      "colour systems: Munsell, Pantone, RAL, NCS",
      "pigments and dyes",
      "web colours and web-safe colours",
      "colour names"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "has kind",
        "target": "red and other hues",
        "why": "individual colours are entries"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is produced by",
        "target": "pigment and light",
        "why": "materials and emission"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is perceived by",
        "target": "vision",
        "why": "depends on the observer"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "signal and design",
        "why": "safety colours, brands"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "hex code",
        "value_or_pattern": "#RRGGBB in sRGB",
        "note": "web colours"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "Pantone number",
        "value_or_pattern": "for example Pantone 179 C",
        "note": "proprietary spot colours"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "RAL code",
        "value_or_pattern": "four digits",
        "note": "industrial colours"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "CIE colorimetry standards",
      "IEC 61966-2-1 sRGB",
      "ISO 3864 safety colours",
      "WCAG contrast requirements"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Colour mismatch between screen and print",
      "Relying on colour alone, excluding colour-blind users",
      "Poor contrast making text unreadable",
      "Toxic historical pigments such as cadmium and lead"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Specify colours in a stated colour space so they reproduce consistently.",
        "Check colour contrast in interfaces and documents against accessibility guidance."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Use colour alone to convey meaning that colour-blind users would miss.",
        "Choose text and background colours with unreadable contrast.",
        "Recommend historical pigments containing lead, cadmium or similar toxic substances for unprotected use.",
        "Use skin colour to classify or judge people."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Changing safety colours on signs, wiring or controls."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Colour carries safety meanings that people rely on.",
        "Colour has been used to classify and discriminate against people."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Colour-blind and low-vision people",
        "Users of safety signs"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns colour; standards bodies define colour spaces and safety colours.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1075: color",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1075",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Color",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "specification",
        "name": "Specification",
        "description": "Stating a colour precisely.",
        "rationale": "Without a colour space and illuminant, a colour value is ambiguous.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "space",
            "name": "Colour space",
            "description": "sRGB, CIELAB, CMYK.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "space-finding",
                "name": "Colour space",
                "description": "The space and values.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "In which colour space is this colour given, and with what values?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which illuminant and observer apply?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "system",
            "name": "Colour system",
            "description": "Pantone, RAL, Munsell.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "system-finding",
                "name": "System reference",
                "description": "The system reference.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which colour system code specifies it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is its closest sRGB equivalent?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "perception",
        "name": "Perception",
        "description": "How it is seen.",
        "rationale": "The same colour looks different to different people and in different light.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "conditions",
            "name": "Viewing conditions",
            "description": "Light and surround.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "conditions-finding",
                "name": "Viewing conditions",
                "description": "Lighting and background.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Under which light and against what background is it seen?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How much does its appearance shift?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "accessibility",
            "name": "Accessibility",
            "description": "Colour vision and contrast.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "accessibility-finding",
                "name": "Accessibility",
                "description": "Contrast and colour-blind safety.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Does the design rely on colour alone?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Does it meet contrast requirements?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "reproduction",
        "name": "Reproduction",
        "description": "Screens, print, paint.",
        "rationale": "Each medium has its own gamut and limits.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "gamut",
            "name": "Gamut",
            "description": "What a device can show.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "gamut-finding",
                "name": "Gamut check",
                "description": "Whether the colour fits the gamut.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Can this colour be reproduced in the target medium?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How will it be mapped if not?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "matching",
            "name": "Matching",
            "description": "Colour difference.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "matching-finding",
                "name": "Match tolerance",
                "description": "Tolerance for matches.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What colour difference is acceptable?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How is the match verified?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "meaning-and-materials",
        "name": "Meaning and materials",
        "description": "What colour signals and what makes it.",
        "rationale": "Colours carry meaning and come from materials with risks.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "meaning",
            "name": "Meaning",
            "description": "Safety and cultural meanings.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "meaning-finding",
                "name": "Meaning",
                "description": "Conventional meanings.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which safety or cultural meaning does this colour carry here?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Could it be misread in another culture?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "pigments",
            "name": "Pigments",
            "description": "Materials and toxicity.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "pigments-finding",
                "name": "Pigment",
                "description": "Pigments used.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which pigment or dye produces it?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is that material hazardous?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Which colour space should the registry use as reference?",
    "How should colour names across languages be linked?",
    "Should pigments be separate entries from colours?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}