{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T23:51:37Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:45:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:48:18+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q10862449",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.difference",
    "name": "difference",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QLT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q10862449/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.difference",
    "name": "difference",
    "purpose": "Let an agent identify and describe differences between things, compute and interpret numerical differences, present regional and social disparities with attribution, and separate other senses.",
    "definition": "The relation of being unlike or distinct, the quality or amount by which things differ, including discrepancies between values, disparities between regions, divergences between legal systems, differences between species and separateness between entities; difference is measured in mathematics as subtraction, analysed in statistics and studied in philosophy and social science, and the word has other senses such as a dispute.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Being unlike or distinct.",
    "affordances": [
      "identify differences",
      "compute numerical differences",
      "present disparities with attribution",
      "separate other senses"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Relation",
      "Measurable or qualitative",
      "Comparison-based",
      "Cross-field concept"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; a relation between things.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Relation of distinctness",
      "Qualitative or quantitative",
      "Similarity is the opposite relation; a dispute is another sense"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "numerical differences and discrepancies",
      "regional and social disparities",
      "legal and cultural divergences",
      "biological differences between species",
      "difference as separateness or distinction"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "relation",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "complementarity",
        "why": "another relation"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "comparison",
        "why": "how differences are found"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "social inequality",
        "why": "disparities"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Statistical standards for measuring disparities",
      "No regulation of the concept"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing difference with inferiority",
      "Misinterpreting statistical differences",
      "Confusing senses"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Calculate and report differences between values, stating units and uncertainty.",
        "Explain whether a statistical difference is significant and meaningful."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present differences between groups of people as inferiority or superiority.",
        "Report a difference without its uncertainty or sample size.",
        "Exaggerate small differences to support a claim.",
        "Confuse the senses of difference in an argument."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Using group differences in decisions about individual people."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Reports of difference between groups have been misused to justify discrimination.",
        "Honest reporting of disparities helps correct unfairness."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Groups compared",
        "Readers",
        "People affected by policy"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody: a concept held in common.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q10862449: difference",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10862449",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Difference (philosophy)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_%28philosophy%29",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "Finding differences.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "compare",
            "name": "Compare",
            "description": "Comparing things.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "compare-finding",
                "name": "Compare",
                "description": "Comparison.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the differences between these things, and which matter for the question at hand?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is difference as distinctness, a numerical difference or a dispute meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "describe",
            "name": "Describe",
            "description": "Describing differences.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "describe-finding",
                "name": "Describe",
                "description": "Description.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can differences be described without implying superiority?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits comparison?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "measure",
        "name": "Measure",
        "description": "Quantitative differences.",
        "rationale": "Statistics.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "compute",
            "name": "Compute",
            "description": "Computing differences.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "compute-finding",
                "name": "Compute",
                "description": "Computing.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are differences computed and expressed, absolutely, relatively and as discrepancies?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "When is a difference statistically significant?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "interpret",
            "name": "Interpret",
            "description": "Interpreting differences.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "interpret-finding",
                "name": "Interpret",
                "description": "Interpretation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How should differences between groups or regions be interpreted, avoiding common statistical errors?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits statistics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "society",
        "name": "Society",
        "description": "Disparities and divergences.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "disparities",
            "name": "Disparities",
            "description": "Regional and social disparities.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "disparities-finding",
                "name": "Disparities",
                "description": "Disparities.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What regional or social disparities are documented, and what explanations are offered by researchers?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "legal",
            "name": "Legal",
            "description": "Legal divergence.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "legal-finding",
                "name": "Legal",
                "description": "Legal.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do legal systems diverge, and how is this studied in comparative law?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits comparative law?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Thought and science.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "philosophy",
            "name": "Philosophy",
            "description": "Difference in philosophy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "philosophy-finding",
                "name": "Philosophy",
                "description": "Philosophy.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How have philosophers treated identity and difference, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific philosopher?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "biology",
            "name": "Biology",
            "description": "Biological differences.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "biology-finding",
                "name": "Biology",
                "description": "Biology.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are interspecies and individual differences studied in biology?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should disparity be a separate entry?",
    "How should statistical guidance be linked?",
    "How should philosophical sources be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}