{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T13:48:29Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
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    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 4,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
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      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:34:19+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "revisions": [
      {
        "at": "2026-10-06T22:29:08+00:00",
        "engine": "codex",
        "fields": [
          "definition",
          "distinguishing_features",
          "visual_identification"
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      "evidence": [
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        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1087232",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.dyslalia",
    "name": "dyslalia",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.STA"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1087232/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.dyslalia",
    "name": "dyslalia",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain dyslalia and its modern equivalents, relay classification, assessment and therapy from speech and language pathology sources in general terms, describe the named patterns, and distinguish dyslalia from dysarthria, apraxia of speech and hearing-related speech difficulties, routing families to therapists.",
    "definition": "A speech sound disorder involving misarticulation, an older term still used in some European clinical traditions whose scope varies and may include functional disorders without an identified structural cause as well as disorders associated with structural abnormalities; it overlaps with modern articulation or phonological disorder terminology without being universally equivalent to either, with named patterns such as sigmatism for s sounds, gammacism and kappacism for g and k, betacism for b, and lateral misarticulation; dyslalia is common in children and is assessed and treated by speech and language therapists.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a speech disorder.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the term and patterns",
      "relay assessment and therapy",
      "route to therapists",
      "distinguish related disorders"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Articulation difficulties may be classified as functional or associated with structural causes, depending on the clinical tradition.",
      "Named patterns describe difficulties with particular speech sounds.",
      "The disorder is common in childhood.",
      "Speech and language therapy can help address the disorder."
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a visible object; misarticulated speech sounds.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Misarticulation may occur with or without structural causes, depending on how the term is used.",
      "Related terms include sigmatism, gammacism, kappacism, betacism, lateral misarticulation and speech sound disorder.",
      "Dysarthria involves neuromuscular impairment, apraxia involves motor planning, and hearing loss can contribute to speech sound difficulties."
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "speech sound disorders in children",
        "typical_range": "about 8-9",
        "unit": "percent",
        "note": "estimates"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "term status",
        "typical_range": "largely replaced by speech sound disorder in English usage",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "sigmatism or lisping",
      "rhotacism",
      "gammacism and kappacism",
      "betacism and other single-sound patterns",
      "lateral misarticulation",
      "phonological delay and disorder in modern terms"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "articulation disorder",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is treated by",
        "target": "speech-language pathology",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "dysarthria",
        "why": "which is neuromuscular"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is exemplified by",
        "target": "lisp",
        "why": "or sigmatism"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "ICD-10",
        "value_or_pattern": "F80.0",
        "note": "specific speech articulation disorder"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "ICD-11",
        "value_or_pattern": "6A01.0",
        "note": "developmental speech sound disorder"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "ICD and DSM classifications of speech sound disorders",
      "Professional standards for speech and language therapy"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Missing hearing or structural causes",
      "Agents giving personal therapy advice",
      "Terminology differences across languages"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain dyslalia and related terms for speech sound disorders in general terms.",
        "Point families to qualified speech and language therapists."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Diagnose a child or adult with a speech disorder.",
        "Mock or stigmatise people whose speech differs.",
        "Rule out hearing loss or structural causes without professional assessment.",
        "Present older terminology as the current standard without noting the change."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Any assessment or therapy plan for a person."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Children with speech differences face teasing and lowered expectations.",
        "Early, correct assessment changes outcomes in school and life."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Children and adults with speech disorders",
        "Parents",
        "Teachers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The person and their family; speech and language therapists provide assessment and care.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1087232: dyslalia",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1087232",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Dyslalia",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslalia",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What dyslalia is.",
        "rationale": "Clinical.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is dyslalia, how does it relate to speech sound disorder, and how does it differ from dysarthria and apraxia?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about the concept, a pattern, or a child s speech needing a therapist?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "patterns",
            "name": "Patterns",
            "description": "Named patterns.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "patterns-finding",
                "name": "Patterns",
                "description": "Patterns.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are sigmatism, gammacism, kappacism, betacism and lateral misarticulation?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific pattern?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "care",
        "name": "Care",
        "description": "Assessment and therapy.",
        "rationale": "Clinical.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "assessment",
            "name": "Assessment",
            "description": "Assessment.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "assessment-finding",
                "name": "Assessment",
                "description": "Assessment.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do therapists assess speech sound disorders and rule out hearing and structural causes?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "therapy",
            "name": "Therapy",
            "description": "Therapy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "therapy-finding",
                "name": "Therapy",
                "description": "Therapy.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What therapy approaches are used, in general terms?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "development",
        "name": "Development",
        "description": "Development.",
        "rationale": "Science.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "typical",
            "name": "Typical",
            "description": "Typical development.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "typical-finding",
                "name": "Typical",
                "description": "Typical.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "When do children typically acquire each speech sound?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits speech development?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "causes",
            "name": "Causes",
            "description": "Causes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "causes-finding",
                "name": "Causes",
                "description": "Causes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is known about causes and risk factors of functional speech sound disorders?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits speech sound disorder?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Terminology and history.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "terminology",
            "name": "Terminology",
            "description": "Terminology.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "terminology-finding",
                "name": "Terminology",
                "description": "Terminology.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do terms differ between English, German, Russian and other traditions?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits logopedics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did the study of articulation disorders develop?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the history of speech therapy?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should speech sound disorder be the primary linked entry?",
    "How should speech pathology sources be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming sound-specific patterns; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}