{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T21:12:39Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:48:58+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "revisions": [
      {
        "at": "2026-10-06T22:29:38+00:00",
        "engine": "codex",
        "fields": [
          "definition"
        ],
        "answering_review": "b08a5a483d210ccaedcb7e7116c1009358537868185c1438ad79fac13c1e50a3"
      }
    ],
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q11034",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.printing",
    "name": "printing",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "ACT.ACT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11034/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.printing",
    "name": "printing",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain printing techniques and their history, help choose a printing method for a job, describe file preparation and standards, and support craft and heritage printing.",
    "definition": "The process of reproducing text and images on paper, textiles or other surfaces using ink and a template or digital device, from woodblock and letterpress printing through lithography, gravure and screen printing to offset, digital and dye-sublimation printing; printing transformed the spread of knowledge and remains a major industry with its own techniques, standards and craft traditions.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Reproducing text and images.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain printing techniques",
      "choose a method for a print job",
      "prepare files and specify jobs",
      "describe printing history and craft"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Reproduction",
      "Technique-defined",
      "Industrial and craft forms",
      "Historical significance"
    ],
    "appearance": "Printed sheets, presses, plates and printers.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Ink transferred to a surface by a process",
      "Repeatable reproduction",
      "Handwriting and drawing are not printing"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "relief printing including woodblock and letterpress",
      "planographic printing such as lithography and offset",
      "intaglio such as gravure and etching",
      "screen and stencil printing",
      "digital printing including inkjet, laser and dye-sublimation"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "printing technique",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "book",
        "why": "main product"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "paper",
        "why": "main substrate"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "typography",
        "why": "design of printed text"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Colour management standards such as ICC profiles",
      "Print production standards",
      "Environmental rules on inks and solvents"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Colour mismatch between screen and print",
      "Misregistration",
      "Solvent and machinery hazards"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain printing processes and their history.",
        "Operate printers it is authorized to use and manage print jobs."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Print counterfeit money, documents or identity papers.",
        "Reproduce copyrighted works without permission.",
        "Print personal data and leave it where others can read it.",
        "Use printers in ways that expose workers to fumes without ventilation."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Printing official or legal documents."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Counterfeiting undermines trust in money and documents.",
        "Authors and illustrators depend on copyright."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Authors and rights holders",
        "Print workers",
        "Victims of forgery"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The owner of the equipment; rights holders own what is printed.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q11034: printing",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11034",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Printing",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "choose",
        "name": "Choose",
        "description": "Choosing a method.",
        "rationale": "Fit to job.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "method",
            "name": "Method",
            "description": "Which technique.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "method-finding",
                "name": "Method",
                "description": "Method.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which printing method suits this run length, substrate, quality and budget?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How do offset, digital and screen printing compare?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "prepare",
            "name": "Prepare",
            "description": "File preparation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "prepare-finding",
                "name": "Prepare",
                "description": "Preparation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How should files be prepared, with bleed, resolution and colour profiles?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which proofs should be requested?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "techniques",
        "name": "Techniques",
        "description": "How printing works.",
        "rationale": "Processes.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "process",
            "name": "Process",
            "description": "A technique explained.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "process-finding",
                "name": "Process",
                "description": "Process.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does this printing technique work, from plate or screen to impression?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are its strengths and limits?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "identify",
            "name": "Identify",
            "description": "Identifying prints.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "identify-finding",
                "name": "Identify",
                "description": "Identification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which technique produced this print, judging by its marks and texture?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How do collectors verify?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "History of printing.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "origins",
            "name": "Origins",
            "description": "Origins.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "origins-finding",
                "name": "Origins",
                "description": "Origins.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did printing develop in East Asia and Europe, from woodblock and movable type to the press?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What were its social effects?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "regional",
            "name": "Regional",
            "description": "Regional histories.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "regional-finding",
                "name": "Regional",
                "description": "Regional histories.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the history of printing in a specific country or region, according to historians?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which presses and printers were notable?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "craft",
        "name": "Craft",
        "description": "Craft printing.",
        "rationale": "Making by hand.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "letterpress",
            "name": "Letterpress",
            "description": "Letterpress and relief.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "letterpress-finding",
                "name": "Letterpress",
                "description": "Craft printing.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can someone learn letterpress, woodblock or screen printing, and where?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which equipment and safety measures are needed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "sustain",
            "name": "Sustain",
            "description": "Sustainable printing.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "sustain-finding",
                "name": "Sustain",
                "description": "Sustainability.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can printing reduce environmental impact through inks, paper and processes?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which certifications exist?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each technique be a separate entry?",
    "How should print standards be linked?",
    "How should heritage presses be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}