{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T06:25:25Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:07:17+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1105", "registryId": "vr.tr.neptunium", "name": "neptunium", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1105/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.neptunium", "name": "neptunium", "purpose": "Let an agent explain neptunium as an element, relay its isotopes, occurrence, chemistry and role in nuclear waste from chemistry references, describe its history and public uses in general terms, and distinguish neptunium from uranium and plutonium, without providing sensitive nuclear detail.", "definition": "A chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93, the first transuranium element, a silvery radioactive actinide metal produced in nuclear reactors by neutron capture in uranium and found in trace amounts in uranium ores, with neptunium-237 the longest-lived isotope at about 2.14 million years and a major component of long-lived nuclear waste, alongside short-lived isotopes such as neptunium-225 to 230 known from experiments; neptunium-237 is also the parent of the neptunium decay series and a source for plutonium-238 production, described here at the level of public reference sources.", "what_it_is_for": "Research; source for plutonium-238; a waste component.", "affordances": [ "explain properties and isotopes", "relay occurrence and chemistry", "describe waste and uses in general", "distinguish from neighbouring elements" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "First transuranic", "Long-lived waste isotope", "Decay series parent", "Reactor-produced" ], "appearance": "A silvery metal that tarnishes in air.", "visual_identification": [ "First transuranium element", "Neptunium-237 long-lived isotope, neptunium-239 intermediate, short-lived isotopes 225 to 230 and others", "Uranium is element 92; plutonium is element 94" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "atomic number", "typical_range": "93", "unit": "Z", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "density", "typical_range": "about 20.45", "unit": "g/cm^3", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "neptunium-237 half-life", "typical_range": "about 2.14", "unit": "million years", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "crustal abundance", "typical_range": "trace", "unit": "note", "note": "from uranium neutron capture" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "neptunium-237 in waste and as a plutonium-238 source", "neptunium-239 as the intermediate to plutonium-239", "short-lived isotopes such as neptunium-225 to 230", "neptunium compounds in oxidation states +3 to +7" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "actinide", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "heavy metal", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is produced from", "target": "uranium-238", "why": "by neutron capture" }, { "relation": "decays to", "target": "plutonium-239", "why": "via neptunium-239" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "CAS", "value_or_pattern": "7439-99-8", "note": "neptunium" }, { "scheme": "symbol", "value_or_pattern": "Np", "note": "element" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IAEA safeguards and nuclear material controls", "Radioactive waste management regulations", "Radiation protection standards" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Radiotoxicity", "Long-lived waste burden", "Agents providing sensitive nuclear detail" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Give neptunium's place in the periodic table, its general properties and its role in nuclear waste.", "Explain in general terms why neptunium matters for waste storage and radiation protection." ], "must_not": [ "Provide guidance on obtaining, separating or concentrating neptunium.", "Assist in any use of neptunium toward nuclear weapons or radiological harm.", "Handle, move or dispose of radioactive material outside a licensed facility and its controls.", "Understate the long-term hazard of neptunium in waste." ], "requires_human": [ "Any action involving actual neptunium-bearing material, which only licensed staff may take.", "Answering questions that go beyond general science toward production or separation." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Neptunium stays hazardous for millions of years, so today's waste choices bind many generations.", "Knowledge about transuranium elements touches nuclear security and must stay at a general level." ], "affected_parties": [ "Workers at nuclear facilities", "Communities near waste sites", "Future generations" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The licensed operator of the facility that holds it, under the national nuclear regulator.", "master_systems": [ "National nuclear material accountancy records" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q1105: neptunium", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Neptunium", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunium", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What neptunium is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "properties", "name": "Properties", "description": "Properties.", "findings": [ { "id": "properties-finding", "name": "Properties", "description": "Properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the physical and chemical properties of neptunium?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the element and its public science, or about sensitive nuclear matters the model does not cover?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "isotopes", "name": "Isotopes", "description": "Isotopes.", "findings": [ { "id": "isotopes-finding", "name": "Isotopes", "description": "Isotopes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What isotopes exist, and what are the roles of neptunium-237 and 239?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific isotope?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "occur", "name": "Occur", "description": "Occurrence and production.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "occurrence", "name": "Occurrence", "description": "Occurrence.", "findings": [ { "id": "occurrence-finding", "name": "Occurrence", "description": "Occurrence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where does neptunium occur naturally, and how is it produced in reactors, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "chemistry", "name": "Chemistry", "description": "Chemistry.", "findings": [ { "id": "chemistry-finding", "name": "Chemistry", "description": "Chemistry.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the chemistry of neptunium across its oxidation states?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Uses and waste.", "rationale": "Application.", "layers": [ { "id": "uses", "name": "Uses", "description": "Uses.", "findings": [ { "id": "uses-finding", "name": "Uses", "description": "Uses.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is neptunium-237 used as a source for plutonium-238 for space power and in detectors, in public terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits plutonium-238?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "waste", "name": "Waste", "description": "Nuclear waste.", "findings": [ { "id": "waste-finding", "name": "Waste", "description": "Waste.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why does neptunium-237 matter for long-term waste disposal, and how is it addressed, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits radioactive waste?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Safety and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "findings": [ { "id": "safety-finding", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the hazards of neptunium, and how is it handled and safeguarded?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits radiation protection?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was neptunium discovered by McMillan and Abelson in 1940, and why was it named after Neptune?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the discovery of transuranium elements?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should isotopes of neptunium and the neptunium series be separate entries?", "How should chemistry references be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming individual isotopes; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }