{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T13:18:58Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:36:44+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "revisions": [ { "at": "2026-10-06T22:29:43+00:00", "engine": "codex", "fields": [ "definition" ], "answering_review": "0400646362b6dec3df7da4000d94e2354fccdd9022f3ac0f17c0e1357cc9cd2d" } ], "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q11193", "registryId": "vr.tr.base", "name": "base", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11193/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.base", "name": "base", "purpose": "Let an agent explain bases and the theories that define them, relay properties, examples, strength and reactions from chemistry references, describe uses and safety at the level of public guidance, and distinguish bases from alkalis, from acids, from protic solvents and from the many other senses of base.", "definition": "In chemistry, a substance that accepts protons, donates electron pairs or produces hydroxide ions in water, according to the Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis and Arrhenius definitions, including strong bases such as the alkali hydroxides of sodium, potassium and rubidium, weak bases such as ammonia, conjugate bases formed when acids lose protons, and organic bases such as amines; bases participate in acid-base reactions and are used in industry, cleaning and biology, while slippery feel and turning red litmus blue are not universal properties across these definitions.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a class of substances.", "affordances": [ "explain definitions and kinds", "relay properties and reactions", "describe uses and safety", "distinguish related concepts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Proton acceptor", "Neutralises acids", "Several definitions", "Strong and weak" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; solids or solutions, often caustic.", "visual_identification": [ "Proton acceptor or hydroxide producer", "Alkali hydroxides, weak bases, conjugate bases, amines", "Alkalis are water-soluble bases; acids donate protons; protic solvents and acid radicals are different concepts listed as aliases" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "pH of bases", "typical_range": "above 7", "unit": "note", "note": "in water" }, { "quantity": "strong bases", "typical_range": "NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH", "unit": "list", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Bronsted-Lowry theory", "typical_range": "1923", "unit": "year", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "strong bases such as alkali hydroxides", "weak bases such as ammonia and amines", "conjugate bases of acids", "Lewis bases as electron pair donors", "organic and biological bases such as nucleobases", "superbases" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "chemical compound", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "acid", "why": "a proton donor" }, { "relation": "is exemplified by", "target": "sodium hydroxide", "why": "a strong base" }, { "relation": "is defined by", "target": "Bronsted-Lowry theory", "why": "among others" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ChEBI", "value_or_pattern": "CHEBI:22695", "note": "base" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Chemical safety and labelling regulations for caustic substances", "IUPAC definitions", "Occupational exposure limits" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Chemical burns from strong bases", "Confusing base with alkali or with other senses", "Registry aliases naming a solvent class, an isotope-labelled compound and an obsolete term" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis definitions of a base.", "Read hazard labels and safety data sheets and report the precautions they state.", "Distinguish this sense from bases in other fields." ], "must_not": [ "Advise mixing bases with other chemicals outside a supervised setting.", "Store or handle strong bases near food, children or incompatible substances.", "Pour strong bases into drains or the environment against disposal rules.", "Assist anyone in using caustic substances to harm people." ], "requires_human": [ "Responding to a spill, splash or swallowing of a strong base." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Strong bases cause severe burns and blindness, including in deliberate attacks.", "Household cleaners containing bases poison children every year." ], "affected_parties": [ "Children and household members", "Laboratory and industrial workers", "Victims of attacks" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The person or business that holds the substance; chemical safety regulators set the rules.", "master_systems": [] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q11193: base", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11193", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Base (chemistry)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_%28chemistry%29", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a base is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definitions.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a base under the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis definitions, and how does it differ from an alkali and an acid?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about chemistry or another sense of base?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "kinds", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinds-finding", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are strong and weak bases, conjugate bases, Lewis bases and organic bases?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific base?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "chemistry", "name": "Chemistry", "description": "Properties and reactions.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "properties", "name": "Properties", "description": "Properties.", "findings": [ { "id": "properties-finding", "name": "Properties", "description": "Properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the properties of bases, and how are strength and pH related?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reactions", "name": "Reactions", "description": "Reactions.", "findings": [ { "id": "reactions-finding", "name": "Reactions", "description": "Reactions.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do bases neutralise acids, catalyse reactions and act in buffers?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Uses and safety.", "rationale": "Application.", "layers": [ { "id": "uses", "name": "Uses", "description": "Uses.", "findings": [ { "id": "uses-finding", "name": "Uses", "description": "Uses.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are bases used in industry, cleaning, agriculture and biology?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific application?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "findings": [ { "id": "safety-finding", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "questions": [ { "text": "What safety guidance applies to caustic bases at home and work?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation at the level of public safety guidance?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and aliases.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the concept of base develop from alkalis to modern acid-base theories?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits acid-base reaction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aliases", "name": "Aliases", "description": "Registry aliases.", "findings": [ { "id": "aliases-finding", "name": "Aliases", "description": "Aliases.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are protic solvents, acid radicals and rubidium-81 hydroxide, and why do they appear as aliases?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific alias?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should alkali and conjugate base be separate primary entries?", "How should chemistry references be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming protic solvents, acid radicals and a rubidium-81 hydroxide; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }