{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T03:49:29Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T00:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:56:06+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "revisions": [
      {
        "at": "2026-10-06T22:30:27+00:00",
        "engine": "codex",
        "fields": [
          "definition",
          "distinguishing_features",
          "owners",
          "purpose"
        ],
        "answering_review": "a89a2105ca97f7a05911fce32fa15018886ea8f504cc68e11c7aa87eb45fe0c7"
      }
    ],
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q11398",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.biological-classification",
    "name": "biological classification",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.KNW"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11398/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.biological-classification",
    "name": "biological classification",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain biological classification and its ranks and principles, distinguish classification from naming governed by nomenclatural codes, describe how classifications are built and revised, support identifying and naming organisms, and support learning.",
    "definition": "The scientific practice and system of grouping organisms according to shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships, organising life into ranked or unranked groups from domain and kingdom through phylum, class, order, family and genus to species, including plant and animal taxonomy, specialised classifications of groups such as Foraminifera and historical schemes; biological classification is continually revised by phylogenetic research, while nomenclatural codes govern the naming of taxa rather than their grouping or inferred relationships.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Grouping and naming organisms.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain ranks and principles",
      "describe building and revision",
      "support naming and identification",
      "support learning"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Classification organises organisms into hierarchical groups.",
      "Nomenclatural codes govern the names of taxa rather than their classification.",
      "Evolutionary relationships inform biological classification.",
      "Classifications are continually revised as evidence develops."
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; a system of names and groups.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Grouping organisms by characteristics and relationships",
      "Ranks from domain to species",
      "Identification assigns specimens to groups; systematics studies relationships broadly"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Linnaean ranked classification",
      "phylogenetic and cladistic classification",
      "plant taxonomy",
      "animal taxonomy",
      "classifications of microorganisms and protists"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "taxonomy",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "specialised classification scheme",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "speciation",
        "why": "origin of the species classified"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Ursidae",
        "why": "a taxonomic family"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "International codes of nomenclature for animals, plants and prokaryotes",
      "Type specimen and publication requirements",
      "Taxonomic databases and registries"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Outdated classifications",
      "Confusing classification with identification",
      "Nomenclatural disputes"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain classification systems and current taxonomic placements with sources.",
        "Note when a classification has changed recently."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present outdated classifications as current.",
        "Confuse classification with identification of a specimen.",
        "Use biological classification to rank human groups."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing taxonomic revisions."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Classification of humans has been misused to justify racism.",
        "Accurate taxonomy underpins conservation."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Students",
        "Conservationists",
        "Researchers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the practice; scientific communities develop and revise classifications, while nomenclatural bodies maintain naming codes.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Research bodies maintain taxonomic databases."
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q11398: biological classification",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11398",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Biological classification",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What biological classification is.",
        "rationale": "Biology.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "ranks",
            "name": "Ranks",
            "description": "Ranks and hierarchy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "ranks-finding",
                "name": "Ranks",
                "description": "Ranks.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the ranks of biological classification, and how do ranked and unranked systems differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which group of organisms is meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "principles",
            "name": "Principles",
            "description": "Principles.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "principles-finding",
                "name": "Principles",
                "description": "Principles.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do shared characteristics, evolutionary relationships and phylogenetic methods underpin classification?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits phylogenetics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "name",
        "name": "Name",
        "description": "Naming and identification.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "nomenclature",
            "name": "Nomenclature",
            "description": "Nomenclature.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "nomenclature-finding",
                "name": "Nomenclature",
                "description": "Nomenclature.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are organisms named under the codes, and what are binomial names, types and priority?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific code?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "identify",
            "name": "Identify",
            "description": "Identification.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "identify-finding",
                "name": "Identify",
                "description": "Identification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can an organism be identified and placed in the classification using keys and databases?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific group?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "revise",
        "name": "Revise",
        "description": "Revision and debates.",
        "rationale": "Science.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "revision",
            "name": "Revision",
            "description": "Revising classifications.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "revision-finding",
                "name": "Revision",
                "description": "Revision.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are classifications revised as molecular and phylogenetic evidence accumulates?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the classification current?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "debates",
            "name": "Debates",
            "description": "Debates.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "debates-finding",
                "name": "Debates",
                "description": "Debates.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What debates exist over ranks, species concepts and phylogenetic nomenclature, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which findings are contested?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "History and teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did classification develop from Aristotle and Linnaeus to Darwin and cladistics?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can biological classification be taught with tree-thinking?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each rank be a separate entry?",
    "How should nomenclature codes be linked?",
    "How should taxonomic databases be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}