{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T01:16:06Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:55:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:52:19+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q11427", "registryId": "vr.tr.steel", "name": "steel", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11427/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.steel", "name": "steel", "purpose": "Let an agent explain steel and its grades and properties, describe production and processing, support selecting steels for applications, and describe the industry, recycling and history.", "definition": "An alloy of iron with a small amount of carbon and often other elements, produced by refining iron and adjusting composition, in grades from plain carbon steels to alloy, stainless, tool, microalloyed, dual-phase, chromium-vanadium and maraging steels, and shaped by casting, rolling, forging and heat treatment; steel is the most widely used engineering material for construction, vehicles, machinery, tools and packaging, is produced by a global industry, and is recycled extensively.", "what_it_is_for": "Iron-carbon alloys for engineering.", "affordances": [ "explain grades and properties", "describe production", "support selection", "describe industry and history" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Iron-carbon alloy", "Heat treatable", "Grade systems", "Recyclable" ], "appearance": "Grey metal in bars, sheets, beams, wire and castings.", "visual_identification": [ "Iron alloyed with carbon", "Many grades", "Cast iron has more carbon; wrought iron has almost none" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Density", "unit": "kg/m3", "typical_range": "Approximately 7800-8000", "note": "Common engineering steels have densities in this approximate range at room temperature, with variation by alloy composition." }, { "quantity": "Young's modulus", "unit": "GPa", "typical_range": "Approximately 190-210", "note": "Common engineering steels have elastic stiffness in this approximate range at room temperature." }, { "quantity": "Yield strength", "unit": "MPa", "typical_range": "", "note": "Yield strength is determined by tensile testing using the grade's specified yield or proof stress criterion." }, { "quantity": "Thermal conductivity", "unit": "W/(m K)", "typical_range": "", "note": "Thermal conductivity is measured under a known temperature gradient and varies substantially between carbon and stainless steels." } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "carbon steels", "alloy and microalloyed steels", "stainless steels", "tool and high-strength steels such as maraging", "special steels such as dual-phase and chromium-vanadium" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "ferroalloy", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "blacksmith", "why": "forging steel" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "pipe", "why": "steel pipes" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "recycling", "why": "steel recycling" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Steel grade standards such as EN, ASTM and JIS", "Structural design codes", "Emissions regulations for steelmaking" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Corrosion", "Fatigue and brittle fracture", "High carbon emissions in production" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Identify steel grades from markings, certificates and test results.", "Inspect steel structures and parts for corrosion, cracks and deformation.", "Check that a steel product's certificate matches the specification ordered." ], "must_not": [ "Substitute a steel grade lower than specified in a structural or pressure application.", "Falsify or reuse mill certificates.", "Cut, weld or heat steel near people without required guarding and fire precautions.", "Approve a corroded or cracked load-bearing steel member as sound without assessment." ], "requires_human": [ "Accepting non-conforming steel into a structure.", "Taking a load-bearing steel member out of service." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Steel quality failures cause bridge, building and vessel collapses that kill people.", "Steelmaking is a major source of emissions and workplace injuries." ], "affected_parties": [ "Users of structures", "Steel workers", "Communities near steelworks" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The producer or owner of each piece; the engineer of record answers for its use in a structure.", "master_systems": [] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q11427: steel", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11427", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Steel", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What steel is.", "rationale": "Materials.", "layers": [ { "id": "composition", "name": "Composition", "description": "Composition and properties.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-finding", "name": "Composition", "description": "Composition.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do carbon content, alloying elements and microstructure determine the properties of steel?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does steel differ from cast iron and wrought iron?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grades", "name": "Grades", "description": "Grades and families.", "findings": [ { "id": "grades-finding", "name": "Grades", "description": "Grades.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are carbon, alloy, stainless, tool, microalloyed, dual-phase and maraging steels, and how are grades designated?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific grade?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Selecting and processing.", "rationale": "Engineering.", "layers": [ { "id": "select", "name": "Select", "description": "Selecting steel.", "findings": [ { "id": "select-finding", "name": "Select", "description": "Selection.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which steel suits this application given strength, toughness, corrosion and cost, under applicable standards?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a design code?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "process", "name": "Process", "description": "Processing and heat treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "process-finding", "name": "Process", "description": "Processing.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are steels rolled, forged, welded and heat treated, and how does this change properties?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits heat treatment?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "industry", "name": "Industry", "description": "Production and sustainability.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "production", "name": "Production", "description": "Steelmaking.", "findings": [ { "id": "production-finding", "name": "Production", "description": "Production.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is steel made in blast furnace and electric arc routes, and how is the industry structured globally?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits steelmaking?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sustainability", "name": "Sustainability", "description": "Emissions and recycling.", "findings": [ { "id": "sustainability-finding", "name": "Sustainability", "description": "Sustainability.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the carbon emissions of steel, how is it recycled, and what decarbonisation routes are being developed, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which findings are uncertain?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and teaching.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History of steel.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did steel develop from ancient crucible and wootz steels to Bessemer, open hearth and modern processes?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can steel metallurgy be taught?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each steel family be a separate entry?", "How should grade standards be linked?", "How should decarbonisation research be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }