{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:00:00Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:21:22+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q11471",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.time",
    "name": "time",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.TME"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11471/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.time",
    "name": "time",
    "purpose": "Let an agent handle time as instants, durations and intervals with units, time scales and zones, and avoid the classic errors of mixing them.",
    "definition": "The continuing progression of events from past through present to future, measured in seconds and larger units, and used to order events and measure durations.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Ordering events, measuring durations, coordinating activity and scheduling.",
    "affordances": [
      "measure it, with clocks referenced to atomic time",
      "record instants, with timestamps and time zones",
      "compute durations and intervals",
      "schedule and coordinate, across zones"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Instant, duration and interval are different things",
      "Time scales differ: TAI, UTC, GPS time, local time",
      "Local time depends on zone and daylight saving",
      "Domain-specific times such as half-lives are durations"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not visible; shown by clocks, calendars and timestamps.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Timestamps such as 2026-09-11T07:52:54Z",
      "Durations such as PT3H or half-lives",
      "Clock faces and displays"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "SI base unit",
        "typical_range": "second",
        "unit": "s",
        "note": "defined by the caesium-133 hyperfine transition"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "leap seconds inserted since 1972",
        "typical_range": "27",
        "unit": "seconds",
        "note": "as of 2026"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "instants and timestamps",
      "durations and intervals",
      "time scales: UTC, TAI, GPS",
      "domain times: half-life, crystallisation time, paid time off"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is divided into",
        "target": "day, week, year",
        "why": "calendar units"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is measured by",
        "target": "clock",
        "why": "instruments"
      },
      {
        "relation": "orders",
        "target": "event",
        "why": "events occur in time"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "calendar date",
        "why": "a date is a whole day, not an instant"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 8601 timestamp",
        "value_or_pattern": "YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ",
        "note": "standard representation"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "IANA time zone",
        "value_or_pattern": "Region/City",
        "note": "time zone database"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "SI definition of the second",
      "ITU-R TF.460 on UTC",
      "ISO 8601 and RFC 3339",
      "National time zone law"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Time zone and daylight saving errors",
      "Clock drift and unsynchronised systems",
      "Leap second handling bugs",
      "Mixing local and UTC timestamps"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Record times with time zone or in UTC and synchronise clocks it is authorized to manage.",
        "Convert between time zones using an up-to-date time zone database."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Mix local times and UTC in one record without labels.",
        "Ignore daylight saving changes when scheduling.",
        "Alter timestamps in logs or records after the fact.",
        "Change the clock of a system it does not administer."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Adjusting clocks in systems where time stamps carry legal or safety meaning."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Timestamps are evidence, and tampering with them can deny people justice.",
        "Errors in time can make people miss medicines, trains or court dates."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "People relying on schedules",
        "System operators"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns time; national metrology institutes keep official time.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q11471: time",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11471",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Time",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "kind",
        "name": "Kind of time value",
        "description": "Instant, duration or interval.",
        "rationale": "Most time errors come from confusing kinds.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "instant",
            "name": "Instant",
            "description": "A point in time.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "instant-finding",
                "name": "Instant",
                "description": "The instant and its zone.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is this an instant, and in which time zone or scale?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How precise is it?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "duration",
            "name": "Duration",
            "description": "A length of time.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "duration-finding",
                "name": "Duration",
                "description": "The duration and unit.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What duration is meant, in which unit?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Does it cross a daylight saving change?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "scales-and-zones",
        "name": "Scales and zones",
        "description": "Which clock.",
        "rationale": "Time scales and zones must be named.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "scale",
            "name": "Time scale",
            "description": "UTC, TAI, GPS.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "scale-finding",
                "name": "Time scale",
                "description": "The scale used.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which time scale is used?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How are leap seconds handled?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "zone",
            "name": "Time zone",
            "description": "Local time.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "zone-finding",
                "name": "Zone",
                "description": "The zone and rules.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which IANA time zone applies?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Have the zone rules changed recently?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "measurement",
        "name": "Measurement",
        "description": "Clocks and synchronisation.",
        "rationale": "Accuracy depends on reference and synchronisation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "clock",
            "name": "Clock",
            "description": "Reference and accuracy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "clock-finding",
                "name": "Clock source",
                "description": "The reference clock.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which clock or reference produced this time?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How accurate is it?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "sync",
            "name": "Synchronisation",
            "description": "NTP, PTP, GNSS.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "sync-finding",
                "name": "Synchronisation",
                "description": "How clocks agree.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are clocks synchronised?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is the maximum offset between systems?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Scheduling and ordering.",
        "rationale": "Time coordinates people and systems.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "scheduling",
            "name": "Scheduling",
            "description": "Across zones.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "scheduling-finding",
                "name": "Schedule",
                "description": "Schedule and zone handling.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "In which zone should this event be shown to each participant?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What happens at daylight saving changes?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "ordering",
            "name": "Ordering events",
            "description": "Causality in systems.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "ordering-finding",
                "name": "Ordering",
                "description": "How events are ordered.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Can timestamps be trusted to order these events?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is a logical clock needed?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should instants, durations and intervals be separate entries?",
    "How should the registry require time zones on timestamps?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases such as paid time off; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}