{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
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    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T23:51:37Z",
    "providers": [
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    "engine": "claude",
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      "INF.KNW"
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    "purpose": "Let an agent explain the laws and concepts of thermodynamics, support calculations and problem solving, describe its branches and applications, and support learning.",
    "definition": "The branch of physics dealing with heat, work, temperature, energy and entropy and their relations, founded on laws governing energy conservation and the direction of natural processes, with branches such as classical, statistical, equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, chemical and biological thermodynamics and relativistic thermodynamics; thermodynamics underpins engines, refrigeration, chemistry, climate science and, in applied form, fire behaviour.",
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      "describe branches and applications",
      "support learning"
    ],
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      "State functions",
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      "Laws of thermodynamics",
      "Heat transfer studies rates; thermodynamics studies states and limits"
    ],
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      "statistical thermodynamics",
      "chemical thermodynamics",
      "biothermodynamics",
      "non-equilibrium and relativistic thermodynamics"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "physical science",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "greenhouse effect",
        "why": "radiative energy balance"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "propulsion",
        "why": "heat engines"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "fundamental quantity",
        "why": "temperature as a base quantity"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "SI units for temperature and energy",
      "Standard thermodynamic data tables",
      "Engineering codes for thermal systems"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Misusing entropy in non-physical arguments",
      "Sign convention errors",
      "Confusing heat and temperature"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain the laws of thermodynamics and their applications, stating sign conventions.",
        "Check energy balances in designs it is asked to review."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Use entropy loosely to argue claims in society or religion as if physics proved them.",
        "Mix sign conventions for work and heat in one calculation.",
        "Endorse perpetual motion or over-unity devices.",
        "Confuse heat with temperature in safety-relevant advice."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Approving designs of pressure or heat systems whose failure endangers people."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Thermodynamics sets limits that protect people from fraudulent energy claims.",
        "Misused physics language lends false authority to arguments."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Students",
        "Engineers",
        "Investors and buyers of energy devices"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody: a branch of science held in common.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
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      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q11473: thermodynamics",
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      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Thermodynamics",
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      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
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        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "Laws and concepts.",
        "rationale": "Physics.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "laws",
            "name": "Laws",
            "description": "The laws.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "laws-finding",
                "name": "Laws",
                "description": "Laws.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What do the zeroth, first, second and third laws of thermodynamics state, and what do they imply?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are entropy, enthalpy and free energy?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "branches",
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              {
                "id": "branches-finding",
                "name": "Branches",
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                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do classical, statistical, chemical, biological, non-equilibrium and relativistic thermodynamics differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific branch?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
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      {
        "id": "apply",
        "name": "Apply",
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        "rationale": "Engineering.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "engines",
            "name": "Engines",
            "description": "Engines and cycles.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "engines-finding",
                "name": "Engines",
                "description": "Engines.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do thermodynamic cycles describe engines, refrigerators and power plants, and what limits their efficiency?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How is a cycle problem solved?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "fields",
            "name": "Fields",
            "description": "Other applications.",
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              {
                "id": "fields-finding",
                "name": "Fields",
                "description": "Applications.",
                "questions": [
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                    "text": "How is thermodynamics applied in chemistry, biology, climate science and fire behaviour?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific application?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
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          }
        ]
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      {
        "id": "solve",
        "name": "Solve",
        "description": "Problem solving.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "calculate",
            "name": "Calculate",
            "description": "Calculations.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "calculate-finding",
                "name": "Calculate",
                "description": "Calculations.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can this thermodynamics problem be solved, with the right sign conventions, units and data tables?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which data sources are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "misuse",
            "name": "Misuse",
            "description": "Common misuses.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "misuse-finding",
                "name": "Misuse",
                "description": "Misuse.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is entropy misused in arguments outside physics, and what do physicists say?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "History and teaching.",
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            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did thermodynamics develop from Carnot and Clausius to Boltzmann and beyond?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
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          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can thermodynamics be taught with experiments and simulations?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits physics education?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each law be a separate entry?",
    "How should data tables be linked?",
    "How should the fire-behaviour application be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
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    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
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}