{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T20:44:32Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude"
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1161707",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.benchmark",
    "name": "benchmark",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.BLT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1161707/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.benchmark",
    "name": "benchmark",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain survey benchmarks and geodetic reference points, help find and use them, explain their maintenance and protection, and separate the comparison sense of benchmark.",
    "definition": "A fixed physical reference point of known elevation or position used in surveying and levelling, such as a bolt, plate or carved mark on a building, a GNSS permanent station, a boundary point or a high water mark; benchmarks form geodetic networks that underpin mapping, construction and monitoring, and the word also denotes a standard for comparison in computing and business.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Surveying, mapping and construction.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain benchmark types and networks",
      "find benchmarks and their data",
      "explain use in levelling and GNSS",
      "separate the comparison sense"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Known elevation or position",
      "Part of a network",
      "Physically fixed",
      "Protected"
    ],
    "appearance": "Marks, bolts, plates or pillars with known coordinates or heights.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Marked reference points",
      "Recorded in survey registers",
      "A trig point is a triangulation station for horizontal control"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "levelling benchmarks such as bolts and plates",
      "GNSS permanent stations",
      "boundary points",
      "tidal and high water marks",
      "historical benchmarks on buildings"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "geodetic station",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "geographical marker",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "navigational aid",
        "why": "other markers"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "time zone",
        "why": "time reference by analogy"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "National geodetic datum and survey standards",
      "Laws protecting survey marks",
      "GNSS reference frame standards"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Disturbed or destroyed marks",
      "Datum confusion",
      "Confusing senses"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": []
  },
  "sources": [],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "find",
        "name": "Find",
        "description": "Locating benchmarks.",
        "rationale": "Registers.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "locate",
            "name": "Locate",
            "description": "Finding a benchmark.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "locate-finding",
                "name": "Locate",
                "description": "Finding.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where is the nearest benchmark, and what are its recorded height and datum, according to the survey authority?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is it still intact?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "data",
            "name": "Data",
            "description": "Benchmark data.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "data-finding",
                "name": "Data",
                "description": "Data.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which datum and reference frame does this benchmark use?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How is height transferred from it?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Surveying with benchmarks.",
        "rationale": "Levelling and GNSS.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "levelling",
            "name": "Levelling",
            "description": "Levelling.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "levelling-finding",
                "name": "Levelling",
                "description": "Levelling.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is a benchmark used in levelling to establish heights on a site?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which errors must be controlled?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "gnss",
            "name": "GNSS",
            "description": "Permanent stations.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "gnss-finding",
                "name": "GNSS",
                "description": "GNSS stations.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do GNSS permanent stations serve as benchmarks, and how are their data accessed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How do datums relate to GNSS heights?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "protect",
        "name": "Protect",
        "description": "Maintenance.",
        "rationale": "Marks are protected.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "law",
            "name": "Law",
            "description": "Protection.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "law-finding",
                "name": "Law",
                "description": "Protection.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which laws protect survey marks, and how should damage be reported?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are the penalties for disturbing them?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "Historic benchmarks.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the historical benchmarks on buildings and their symbols?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How are they catalogued by enthusiasts and authorities?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "senses",
        "name": "Senses",
        "description": "Disambiguation.",
        "rationale": "Benchmark has other senses.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "comparison",
            "name": "Comparison",
            "description": "Benchmark as standard.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "comparison-finding",
                "name": "Comparison",
                "description": "Comparison sense.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is benchmark meant as a standard of comparison in computing, business or finance?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching surveying.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can benchmarks and datums be taught?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should GNSS stations be a separate entry?",
    "How should benchmark databases be linked?",
    "How should datum changes be recorded?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}