{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T01:11:03Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:42:34+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "revisions": [ { "at": "2026-10-06T22:31:22+00:00", "engine": "codex", "fields": [ "agent_conduct" ], "answering_review": "320dfbce85a109dd55fd45d58ad02425bcca13afc96f93ad6cf2466b4fe45fc2" } ], "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q11656", "registryId": "vr.tr.diode", "name": "diode", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11656/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.diode", "name": "diode", "purpose": "Let an agent explain diodes, relay operation, types, characteristics and applications from electronics sources, describe the named types, and distinguish diodes from transistors, rectifiers as circuits, thyristors and resistors.", "definition": "A two-terminal electronic component that conducts current mainly in one direction, most commonly a semiconductor diode made from a p-n junction or a metal-semiconductor Schottky junction, with earlier forms the registry aliases name such as the vacuum diode, patented by John Ambrose Fleming in 1904, and the crystal detector or cat s whisker used in early radio, and types such as demodulation diodes, photodiodes that convert light into current, transient-voltage-suppression diodes that protect circuits from surges, Zener diodes and light-emitting diodes; diodes are used for rectification, signal detection, voltage regulation and protection. The registry lists diodes as both active and passive components, a classification that varies between sources.", "what_it_is_for": "Controlling current direction in circuits.", "affordances": [ "explain operation", "relay types and characteristics", "describe named types", "relay applications" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Unidirectional conduction", "Forward voltage drop", "Reverse breakdown", "Many specialised types" ], "appearance": "Small cylindrical or surface-mount components with a band marking the cathode, or glass vacuum tubes historically.", "visual_identification": [ "Two-terminal one-way conductor", "Crystal detector, demodulation diode, transient-voltage-suppression diode, vacuum diode, semiconductor diode, photodiode", "Transistors amplify and switch with three terminals; rectifiers are circuits; thyristors latch; resistors limit current in both directions" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "silicon forward voltage", "typical_range": "about 0.6-0.7", "unit": "V", "note": "typical" }, { "quantity": "Fleming valve patent", "typical_range": "1904", "unit": "year", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Schottky forward voltage", "typical_range": "about 0.2-0.4", "unit": "V", "note": "typical" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "rectifier diodes", "Schottky diodes", "Zener and TVS diodes", "photodiodes and LEDs", "vacuum and crystal diodes" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "electronic component", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "light-emitting diode", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is used in", "target": "rectifier", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "transistor", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IEC 60747 semiconductor devices", "JEDEC standards", "RoHS restrictions on hazardous substances" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Reverse polarity damage", "Overheating and thermal runaway", "Mains voltage shock in rectifier circuits" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Identify diodes, read their markings and explain their function.", "Test or replace diodes in equipment the agent is authorized to service, with power isolated.", "Check a diode's rated voltage and current against the circuit before fitting it." ], "must_not": [ "Work on circuits with mains or high voltage while they are energised.", "Fit a diode with polarity or ratings incompatible with the intended circuit function, including intended reverse-biased operation of Zener and protection diodes.", "Look into high-power laser diodes or remove their safety housing.", "Dispose of electronic parts with household waste where separate collection is required." ], "requires_human": [ "Modifying protective or safety circuits in equipment others use." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Faulty or wrongly fitted diodes can start fires or damage equipment people rely on.", "Electronic waste harms workers and the environment when handled carelessly." ], "affected_parties": [ "Users of the equipment", "Technicians", "Recycling workers" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The owner of the equipment it is fitted in.", "master_systems": [] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q11656: diode", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Diode", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a diode is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a diode, and how does it differ from transistors, rectifiers, thyristors and resistors?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is someone working on mains-powered circuits, in which case they should isolate power and follow electrical safety rules?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "types", "name": "Types", "description": "Named types.", "findings": [ { "id": "types-finding", "name": "Types", "description": "Types.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are crystal detectors, vacuum diodes, demodulation diodes, TVS diodes and photodiodes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific type?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physics", "name": "Physics", "description": "Physics.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "junction", "name": "P-n junction", "description": "P-n junction.", "findings": [ { "id": "junction-finding", "name": "P-n junction", "description": "P-n junction.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does a p-n junction allow current in one direction?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "curve", "name": "I-V curve", "description": "Characteristics.", "findings": [ { "id": "curve-finding", "name": "I-V curve", "description": "I-V curve.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do forward voltage, reverse leakage and breakdown mean on an I-V curve?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "vacuum", "name": "Vacuum", "description": "Fleming valve.", "findings": [ { "id": "vacuum-finding", "name": "Vacuum", "description": "Vacuum.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the Fleming valve detect radio signals?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Fleming valve?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "crystal", "name": "Crystal", "description": "Cat s whisker.", "findings": [ { "id": "crystal-finding", "name": "Crystal", "description": "Crystal.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did crystal detectors work in early radios?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information accurate?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Applications.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "power", "name": "Power", "description": "Rectification.", "findings": [ { "id": "power-finding", "name": "Power", "description": "Power.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do diodes convert AC to DC in power supplies?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits bridge rectifier?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection", "name": "Protection", "description": "Surge protection.", "findings": [ { "id": "protection-finding", "name": "Protection", "description": "Protection.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do TVS diodes protect electronics from surges and ESD?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the active versus passive classification be documented?", "Should photodiodes be a separate entry?", "How should datasheet parameters be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }