{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T13:48:29Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 4,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:34:55+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1174791",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.escarpment",
    "name": "escarpment",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.PLC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1174791/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.escarpment",
    "name": "escarpment",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain escarpments and how they form, relay examples on Earth and other bodies from geological sources, describe their significance for landscapes, rivers and settlement, and distinguish escarpments from cliffs, ridges, fault scarps as a specific kind and steep slopes in general.",
    "definition": "A long, steep slope or cliff separating two relatively level areas of different elevation, formed by faulting or by differential erosion of resistant rock layers, as in the Niagara Escarpment, the Great Escarpment of southern Africa and the fall line where rivers descend from uplands to coastal plain, and named rupes on the Moon, Mercury and other bodies; the German Steilhang denotes a steep slope more generally.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a landform.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain formation",
      "relay examples",
      "describe significance",
      "distinguish related landforms"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Long steep face",
      "Erosional or tectonic",
      "Landscape boundary",
      "Planetary equivalents"
    ],
    "appearance": "A long steep face between a plateau and lowland.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Steep slope between two level areas",
      "Niagara Escarpment, Great Escarpment, fall line, lunar and planetary rupes, Steilhang",
      "A cliff is any steep rock face; a ridge has two slopes; a fault scarp is one origin; Steilhang is any steep slope"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Niagara Escarpment length",
        "typical_range": "about 1000",
        "unit": "km",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Great Escarpment height",
        "typical_range": "up to about 3000",
        "unit": "m",
        "note": "Drakensberg"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "lunar rupes",
        "typical_range": "named by the IAU",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "erosional escarpments and cuestas",
      "fault scarps",
      "continental escarpments such as the Great Escarpment",
      "fall lines between piedmont and coastal plain",
      "planetary rupes on the Moon and Mercury",
      "steep slopes in general such as the Steilhang"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "slope",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is formed by",
        "target": "erosion",
        "why": "or faulting"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is exemplified by",
        "target": "Niagara Escarpment",
        "why": "a famous erosional escarpment"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "cliff",
        "why": "any steep rock face"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "IAU nomenclature for rupes",
      "Landscape protection such as the Niagara Escarpment biosphere reserve"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing escarpments with cliffs or ridges",
      "Landslide hazards on escarpments",
      "Registry aliases mixing a general German term and a planetary term"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Describe an escarpment's geology, formation and extent from geological sources.",
        "Report signs of landslides, rockfall or erosion on an escarpment the agent is authorized to monitor."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Guide people to climb or approach an unstable escarpment edge.",
        "Confuse escarpments with cliffs or ridges in hazard advice.",
        "Assist excavation or construction that undermines a slope without engineering approval.",
        "Damage protected landforms or fossil sites on an escarpment."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Closing access or declaring an escarpment unsafe for the public.",
        "Any work that changes the stability of the slope."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Escarpment edges and slopes can fail suddenly and harm people below.",
        "Many escarpments are protected landscapes with rare habitats."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Hikers and visitors",
        "People living below the slope",
        "Landowners"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The landowner; geological surveys and conservation authorities protect notable escarpments.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Geological survey records",
        "Protected area registers"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1174791: escarpment",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1174791",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Escarpment",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What an escarpment is.",
        "rationale": "Science.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is an escarpment, and how does it differ from a cliff, ridge, fault scarp and steep slope?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about the landform, a specific escarpment, a planetary rupes or a river fall line?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "formation",
            "name": "Formation",
            "description": "Formation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "formation-finding",
                "name": "Formation",
                "description": "Formation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do differential erosion and faulting form escarpments and cuestas?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits cuesta?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "examples",
        "name": "Examples",
        "description": "Examples.",
        "rationale": "Sources.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "earth",
            "name": "Earth",
            "description": "On Earth.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "earth-finding",
                "name": "Earth",
                "description": "Earth.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the Niagara Escarpment, the Great Escarpment and other notable escarpments?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "planets",
            "name": "Planets",
            "description": "Planetary rupes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "planets-finding",
                "name": "Planets",
                "description": "Planets.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are rupes on the Moon and Mercury, and how did they form?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "significance",
        "name": "Significance",
        "description": "Significance.",
        "rationale": "Application.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "rivers",
            "name": "Rivers",
            "description": "Fall lines.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "rivers-finding",
                "name": "Rivers",
                "description": "Rivers.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the fall line, and why did cities grow along it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Atlantic Seaboard fall line?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "ecology",
            "name": "Ecology",
            "description": "Ecology and hazards.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "ecology-finding",
                "name": "Ecology",
                "description": "Ecology.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What habitats and hazards are associated with escarpments?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits landslide?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Culture and study.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "culture",
            "name": "Culture",
            "description": "Culture.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "culture-finding",
                "name": "Culture",
                "description": "Culture.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do escarpments feature in landscapes, art and recreation?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific escarpment?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "study",
            "name": "Study",
            "description": "Study.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "study-finding",
                "name": "Study",
                "description": "Study.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are escarpments studied and mapped?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits geomorphology?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should fault scarp, fall line and rupes be separate primary entries?",
    "How should geological sources be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming a planetary term, a river feature and a German general term; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}