{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T11:35:53Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09565-d10f-7410-b49f-22542f8ebbfa\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: niobate\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 044: 1001 registe", "usd": 0.0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 80.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09565-d100-7fe1-83ce-68e7ac2a27a5\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: niobate\nRegistry id: vr.tr.niobate\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:39:29+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners", "visual_identification" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q11792335", "registryId": "vr.tr.niobate", "name": "niobate", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11792335/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.niobate", "name": "niobate", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a niobate material or species, assess its composition and condition, and select evidence-supported handling, processing and use.", "definition": "A niobate is a member of a class of compounds containing niobium-oxygen anions or extended niobium-oxygen frameworks, usually with niobium in oxidation state +5 and charge balanced by other cations.", "scope_statement": "For vr.tr.niobate in PHY.MAT, provisionally model niobate as a family of niobium-oxygen anionic species and their compounds, including extended solid niobates and molecular polyoxoniobates; require a specific composition and structural identity before assigning substance identifiers, properties or hazards.", "in_scope": [ "Niobate family membership and the identity of a particular compound or dissolved species", "Counter-cations, niobium oxidation state, oxygen stoichiometry, hydration and substitutions", "Crystal structure, molecular cluster identity, phase assemblage and solution speciation", "Purity, defects, morphology and condition-dependent material properties", "Composition-specific handling, stability and application suitability" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Elemental niobium, niobium alloys and non-oxygen niobium compounds", "Niobium pentoxide treated automatically as interchangeable with a niobate salt", "Complete devices containing niobate crystals, films or ceramics", "Manufacturing equipment and synthesis process execution", "Mining deposits, ore economics and supply-chain organisations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require evidence of niobium-oxygen chemistry and a defensible niobate assignment; detecting niobium alone does not establish niobate identity.", "Resolve the counter-cation and formula: the family name does not identify lithium niobate or any other particular compound.", "Distinguish an extended solid structure from a discrete oxoniobate cluster; an empirical formula alone does not establish molecular connectivity.", "Check whether niobium belongs to the principal compound structure or is merely a dopant in another material.", "Distinguish the niobate constituent from a composite, coating stack or finished component containing it." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity resolution", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "family only | compound assigned | phase confirmed | solution species resolved", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether specific constants, identifiers and handling evidence can be applied." }, { "name": "Composition and charge balance", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Formula, counter-cations, Nb oxidation-state assignment, cluster charge where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Separates different niobates and exposes incomplete or inconsistent identity claims." }, { "name": "Cation-to-niobium and oxygen-to-niobium ratios", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mol/mol, with analytical method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes nominal composition from measured nonstoichiometry or substitution." }, { "name": "Structural identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Crystalline phase and space group | amorphous assignment | molecular cluster connectivity | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Connects composition to the structure responsible for material behaviour." }, { "name": "Phase purity and contaminants", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "wt% phases; mg/kg or mol% impurities, with detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Secondary oxides, residual salts and contaminants can invalidate a grade or performance claim." }, { "name": "Hydration and protonation", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "H2O per formula unit, water wt%, protonation assignment, or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Affects formula mass, cluster charge, thermal behaviour and solution identity." }, { "name": "Speciation conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "pH, temperature in °C, Nb concentration in mol/L, ionic strength in mol/L", "why_it_matters": "Makes dissolved-species assignments reproducible and limits their transfer to other conditions." }, { "name": "Physical form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Single crystal | ceramic | powder | film | dissolved species | dispersion; dimensions where relevant", "why_it_matters": "Determines relevant measurements, processing options and exposure pathways." }, { "name": "Functional response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Applicable quantities such as relative permittivity, piezoelectric coefficient in pC/N, optical loss in dB/cm or capacity in mAh/g", "why_it_matters": "Supports application decisions without assuming every niobate shares the same function." }, { "name": "Substance and safety record", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to verified compound-specific CAS, EC, PubChem and current safety documentation where available", "why_it_matters": "Prevents identifiers and hazard classifications from one niobate being assigned to the whole family." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a niobate label into a compound, phase or solution-species assignment supported by analysis.", "Compare measured stoichiometry, phase purity and defects against a specified material grade.", "Select characterisation methods that distinguish candidate niobate structures or species.", "Evaluate proposed heating, dissolution or storage against evidence for the identified composition.", "Assess suitability for a stated optical, electrical, electrochemical or chemical function using relevant measurements.", "Retrieve handling and disposal requirements for the actual composition and physical form." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Identify a niobate sample from documented analysis and record which phase or species it is.", "Compare a niobate material's measured purity and defects with the grade it is sold as." ], "must_not": [ "Certify a niobate material for an optical or electronic use without measurements that support it.", "Label niobium oxide, a niobium alloy or an unanalysed powder as a specific niobate.", "Release fine niobate powder or processing waste into drains or open air.", "Present supplier datasheet values as measurements of a specific batch." ], "requires_human": [ "Accepting or rejecting a material lot that will go into a finished device.", "Disposing of niobate processing residues that may contain other hazardous elements." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Niobium mining is linked in some regions to conflict and poor labour conditions, so sourcing claims matter.", "Misidentified materials can make devices fail in ways that harm users who trusted the specification." ], "affected_parties": [ "Workers handling the powders", "Buyers of niobate components", "Communities near mining sites" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The person or laboratory that holds the material; the supplier answers for its stated grade.", "master_systems": [] }, "visual_identification": [ "Usually a white, pale yellow or colourless powder, ceramic or transparent crystal, so appearance alone cannot settle identity.", "Single crystals such as lithium niobate are often supplied as polished, clear wafers or boules.", "Identity is settled by X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis, not by colour or form." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Fine powders can be inhaled during grinding or handling.", "Phase impurities or wrong stoichiometry can make an optical or piezoelectric component fail.", "Some niobate compounds contain other elements, such as lead or alkali metals, that add their own toxicity." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Niobates are encountered in materials research and manufacturing as crystals, ceramics and powders with composition-dependent electrical and optical behavior.", "Selected niobates are used in piezoelectric components, optical devices and dielectric ceramics, so suitability depends on the particular compound and material form." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, issued by the United Nations, provides the framework for evaluating and communicating the hazards of a specific niobate substance or mixture." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q11792335: niobate", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11792335", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Niobate", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobate", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "niobate-identity", "name": "Niobate identity", "description": "Resolve the broad registry label into a chemically meaningful identity.", "rationale": "Niobate is insufficient on its own to select a formula, structure, identifier or property set.", "layers": [ { "id": "family-boundary", "name": "Family boundary", "description": "Establish which chemical sense of niobate applies.", "findings": [ { "id": "solid-or-molecular-niobate", "name": "Solid or molecular niobate", "description": "Research distinguishes discrete polyoxoniobate clusters from solid niobates and the niobium oxides produced by their conversion; the model should preserve these distinctions. [Primary research](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2021/dt/d1dt03116c).", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record denote an extended solid niobate, a discrete oxoniobate species, its salt, or an unresolved family label?", "kind": "definition", "id": "solid-or-molecular-niobate-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence separates this material from a simple niobium oxide or a host containing only niobium dopant?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "solid-or-molecular-niobate-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "compound-resolution", "name": "Compound resolution", "description": "Bind names and identifiers to the actual chemical composition.", "findings": [ { "id": "formula-specific-identity", "name": "Formula-specific identity", "description": "Require counter-cations, formula and relevant hydration or substitution before attaching compound-level records.", "questions": [ { "text": "What formula, counter-cations and niobium oxidation-state assignment identify this niobate?", "kind": "definition", "id": "formula-specific-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Which verified identifier records match this exact composition and hydration state?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "formula-specific-identity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-defects", "name": "Composition and defects", "description": "Record how the actual material differs from its ideal formula.", "rationale": "Cation ratios, substitutions and secondary phases can distinguish usable niobate grades.", "layers": [ { "id": "stoichiometry-and-substitution", "name": "Stoichiometry and substitution", "description": "Separate nominal chemistry from measured composition.", "findings": [ { "id": "measured-niobate-composition", "name": "Measured niobate composition", "description": "Track cation-to-niobium ratios, dopants and evidence for charge compensation without assuming an ideal stoichiometry.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measured cation-to-Nb ratios and dopant concentrations support the assigned formula?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-niobate-composition-q01" }, { "text": "Which vacancies, substitutions or valence changes are demonstrated, and which remain hypotheses?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "measured-niobate-composition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "purity-and-associated-species", "name": "Purity and associated species", "description": "Account for secondary phases, residual reagents and water.", "findings": [ { "id": "niobate-fraction-and-residues", "name": "Niobate fraction and residues", "description": "Distinguish niobate phase purity from elemental purity, and structural water from surface moisture.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fractions of the sample are the intended niobate, secondary oxides and residual salts?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "niobate-fraction-and-residues-q01" }, { "text": "Is detected water structurally bound, adsorbed or part of a liquid medium, and how was that established?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "niobate-fraction-and-residues-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "structure-and-speciation", "name": "Structure and speciation", "description": "Identify the solid phase or dissolved species under stated conditions.", "rationale": "Neither bulk elemental composition nor a starting-material label proves the structure currently present.", "layers": [ { "id": "solid-phase-identity", "name": "Solid phase identity", "description": "Connect composition to a supported structural assignment.", "findings": [ { "id": "phase-and-connectivity-evidence", "name": "Phase and connectivity evidence", "description": "Record evidence for crystal phase, Nb-O connectivity and amorphous content instead of inferring these from the niobate name.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which diffraction or spectroscopic evidence identifies the niobate phase and excludes plausible alternatives?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "phase-and-connectivity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What crystalline and amorphous fractions, lattice parameters or local coordination measurements are available?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "phase-and-connectivity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dissolved-species-identity", "name": "Dissolved species identity", "description": "Treat solution identity as a conditional observation.", "findings": [ { "id": "cluster-and-protonation-assignment", "name": "Cluster and protonation assignment", "description": "Require evidence for dissolved cluster identity, charge and protonation rather than carrying the precursor salt formula into solution unchanged.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which niobate species are observed at the recorded pH, concentration, temperature and solution age?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cluster-and-protonation-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes molecularly dissolved niobate from colloids, precipitates or a mixture of clusters?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "cluster-and-protonation-assignment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-material-state", "name": "Functional material state", "description": "Connect niobate properties to composition, structure and specimen configuration.", "rationale": "A useful property of one niobate cannot be assigned to the entire family.", "layers": [ { "id": "specimen-configuration", "name": "Specimen configuration", "description": "Capture the material state needed to interpret performance.", "findings": [ { "id": "orientation-domains-and-morphology", "name": "Orientation, domains and morphology", "description": "Record crystal orientation, domain or poling state where applicable, and powder, ceramic or film morphology.", "questions": [ { "text": "What grain size, porosity, particle size or film thickness characterises the tested niobate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "orientation-domains-and-morphology-q01" }, { "text": "Where relevant, what crystal cut, measurement direction and domain or poling state apply?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "orientation-domains-and-morphology-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-specific-response", "name": "Application-specific response", "description": "Select performance evidence appropriate to the identified niobate.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-functional-claim", "name": "Supported functional claim", "description": "Use compound-specific tests: for example, CuNb2O6, ZnNb2O6 and MnNb2O6 have been investigated for lithium storage, demonstrating an application branch distinct from optical-crystal characterisation. [Primary research](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2020/qi/d0qi00475h).", "questions": [ { "text": "Which optical, dielectric, piezoelectric, electrochemical or catalytic function is supported for this specific niobate?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-functional-claim-q01" }, { "text": "What measured response and test conditions determine whether this specimen meets the intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-functional-claim-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-handling", "name": "Stability and handling", "description": "Determine how environmental exposure and proposed operations affect the identified niobate.", "rationale": "Processing may change niobate identity, while handling requirements depend on composition, residues and physical form.", "layers": [ { "id": "transformation-boundaries", "name": "Transformation boundaries", "description": "Establish the conditions under which the current material identity persists.", "findings": [ { "id": "thermal-and-chemical-state-changes", "name": "Thermal and chemical state changes", "description": "Distinguish melting from dehydration, decomposition and phase transition, and dissolution from chemical conversion.", "questions": [ { "text": "At what measured temperatures and atmospheres does this niobate lose water, transform, decompose or melt?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "thermal-and-chemical-state-changes-q01" }, { "text": "Will the proposed solvent, pH or thermal treatment preserve the intended niobate phase or require re-identification?", "kind": "action", "id": "thermal-and-chemical-state-changes-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-specific-controls", "name": "Composition-specific controls", "description": "Attach safety and regulatory evidence to the actual material being handled.", "findings": [ { "id": "niobate-handling-evidence", "name": "Niobate handling evidence", "description": "Resolve the compound, counter-cation, dopants, residues and physical form before applying hazard classifications or exposure controls.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current safety document and jurisdiction-specific record cover this exact niobate composition and supplied form?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "niobate-handling-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What storage, dust or aerosol controls and disposal route are supported for the intended operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "niobate-handling-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The unqualified registry name is interpreted as a chemical family; check whether the underlying entry instead denotes a particular anion or compound.", "Composition, crystal structure, phase, doping and processing history determine properties; no family-wide melting point or functional-property range is appropriate.", "This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; compound-specific identifiers and hazard classifications need checking." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of niobate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Lithium niobate", "Sodium niobate", "Potassium niobate", "Potassium sodium niobate solid solutions", "Layered niobates", "Polyoxoniobates" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of niobate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Chemical formula", "value_or_pattern": "Examples: LiNbO3, NaNbO3, KNbO3", "note": "Niobate names a family, not a substance with one universal formula." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "Up to seven digits, hyphen, two digits, hyphen, one check digit", "note": "Numbers identify particular substances; no single number should be assigned to the entire niobate family." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of niobate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Lithium niobate crystals and thin films serve in electro-optic modulators and nonlinear optical devices.", "Lithium niobate is used in acoustic-wave devices.", "Potassium sodium niobate ceramics are investigated and used as lead-free piezoelectric materials.", "Selected layered niobates are studied for photocatalysis and ion exchange." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of niobate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Bulk ceramic and single-crystal components can fracture through mechanical stress or thermal shock.", "Ferroelectric niobates can lose their useful polarization state through excessive temperature or inappropriate electric fields.", "Photorefractive effects can distort optical performance in lithium niobate under some illumination conditions.", "Alkali loss during ceramic processing can alter composition, phase content and electrical properties.", "Dust exposure and chemical hazards require assessment for the specific compound, counterions and physical form." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of niobate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Niobium pentoxide", "difference": "Nb2O5 is a binary oxide of niobium; niobates conventionally contain additional charge-balancing cations." }, { "name": "Tantalate", "difference": "Tantalates contain tantalum-oxygen units in place of the defining niobium-oxygen units." }, { "name": "Niobite or columbite", "difference": "These names refer to particular niobium-bearing minerals rather than the full chemical family of niobates." }, { "name": "Lithium niobate", "difference": "LiNbO3 is one specific niobate; its optical and electrical properties cannot be generalized to the whole family." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of niobate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the originating registry intend niobate to mean a particular anion, niobate salts generally, or the broader solid-material family?", "Which existing Vercy models already own individual niobates or polyoxoniobates, and should this entry link to them?", "Where should this registry draw the boundary around substituted polyoxoniobates, mixed oxides and niobium-doped hosts?", "Which representative compounds and authoritative identity records are needed to establish reliable compound-specific identifiers and property branches?", "For which niobate compositions are phase stability, solution speciation and handling evidence insufficient to support an operational decision?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 26 } }