{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T11:08:59Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0954d-43c3-7c21-85d8-39db4bd877b2\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Mallet locomotive\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 044: 10", "usd": 0.0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 75.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0954d-43ce-7853-b40e-7b13ec8f759e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Mallet locomotive\nRegistry id: vr.tr.mallet-locomotive\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:39:16+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners", "standards_and_regulation", "visual_identification" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q120319", "registryId": "vr.tr.mallet-locomotive", "name": "Mallet locomotive", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q120319/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.mallet-locomotive", "name": "Mallet locomotive", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a Mallet locomotive, assess its articulated compound machinery and condition, and identify the evidence needed before movement, steaming or restoration.", "definition": "A Mallet locomotive is an articulated compound steam locomotive with high-pressure cylinders driving a rear engine unit fixed to the main frame and low-pressure cylinders driving a pivoting front engine unit, allowing a long locomotive to negotiate curves.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the distinguishing architecture and assessment requirements of the registered kind vr.tr.mallet-locomotive in PHY / PHY.OBJ, provisionally using the strict articulated-compound meaning; classes, individual locomotives and historical conversions are linked applications of that kind.", "in_scope": [ "Rear fixed and front pivoting engine-unit arrangement and associated boiler support", "Compound steam expansion through rear high-pressure and front low-pressure cylinders", "Articulation-dependent steam connections, valve controls and running gear", "Class-specific traction, curve negotiation and route compatibility", "Condition evidence and restrictions affecting operation or restoration" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General steam-locomotive principles already owned by a broader locomotive model", "Complete boiler, brake and pressure-vessel models", "Railway infrastructure, signalling and train-dispatch models", "Manufacturer histories and comprehensive locomotive-class catalogues", "Individual locomotive identities, ownership records and maintenance-event histories", "Simple articulated locomotives except as terminology and conversion boundary cases" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Verify two driven wheel groups with the rear engine frame fixed relative to the main locomotive structure and the front engine frame pivoting; two driven groups alone do not establish Mallet identity. [Baldwin technical account](https://www.catskillarchive.com/rrextra/blwmal00.Html)", "Trace normal compound operation from rear high-pressure cylinders to front low-pressure cylinders through an intermediate steam connection. [Baldwin technical account](https://www.catskillarchive.com/rrextra/blwmal00.Html)", "Check the boiler-support relationship to the fixed and moving frames instead of identifying the type solely from wheel notation or appearance. [CFD type 42 description](https://www.cfd.group/documents/compound-locomotives-type-42)", "Distinguish original compound architecture, temporary starting arrangements and permanent simple-expansion conversion using drawings and rebuild records." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Architectural classification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "articulated compound; converted simple articulated; attribution disputed; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates defining machinery from inherited names and later alterations." }, { "name": "Engine-frame relationship", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "rear frame, front frame, articulation pivot and boiler-support connections", "why_it_matters": "Establishes how powered wheel groups negotiate curves and carry the boiler." }, { "name": "Wheel arrangement and track gauge", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "declared wheel-notation system and arrangement; gauge designation with measured gauge in mm", "why_it_matters": "Identifies running-gear variants and basic track compatibility without treating one arrangement as universal." }, { "name": "Cylinder dimensions by expansion stage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "bore and stroke in mm, separately for high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders", "why_it_matters": "Supports verification of the compound arrangement and assessment of replacement-part compatibility." }, { "name": "Steam-pressure envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "boiler and receiver pressures in kPa, specifying gauge or absolute, operating mode and whether measured or authorised", "why_it_matters": "Prevents confusion between boiler pressure, intermediate pressure and permitted operating limits." }, { "name": "Expansion and starting mode", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "compound; documented starting mode; isolated; unavailable; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Makes steam routing and mode-dependent assessment explicit." }, { "name": "Articulation and flexible-pipe condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "inspected serviceable; restricted; defective; unassessed, with inspection date and evidence", "why_it_matters": "Connects movement-dependent machinery condition to restrictions on use." }, { "name": "Route geometry envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "minimum permitted curve radius in m; swept width and height in mm; associated speed and configuration", "why_it_matters": "Supports clearance assessment for the articulated front engine and locomotive body." }, { "name": "Axle loads and adhesive mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "axle load in kN per axle; adhesive mass in t, with fuel and water loading condition", "why_it_matters": "Supports track-load checks and traction assessment." }, { "name": "Traction and speed envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "tractive effort in kN versus speed in km/h, with expansion mode and evidence basis", "why_it_matters": "Separates starting capability from sustained hauling capability." }, { "name": "Fuel, water and lubrication provision", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "fuel specification, water supply, lubricant specifications and delivery points for both engine units", "why_it_matters": "Identifies consumable dependencies and lubrication coverage across the articulation." }, { "name": "Operational authorisation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "issuing authority, jurisdiction, applicable rule edition, inspection evidence, expiry and restrictions", "why_it_matters": "Links proposed use to applicable requirements without assuming a universal Mallet certification." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a documented locomotive configuration against Mallet architectural criteria.", "Trace the steam circuit and identify unresolved starting or expansion-control arrangements.", "Compare a class or unit with a proposed route using geometry, axle loads and operating limits.", "Prioritise inspection of articulation, moving steam connections and control linkages.", "Identify missing evidence that prevents movement, steaming or return to service.", "Assess whether a proposed restoration preserves, reinstates or changes the defining compound architecture." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Describe a Mallet locomotive's design and history from sourced records.", "Record inspection and boiler test results for a preserved Mallet held by its operator.", "Monitor pressures, water level and temperatures on a locomotive it is authorized to observe." ], "must_not": [ "Operate or fire a steam locomotive without a qualified crew in control.", "Overstate the condition or certification of a locomotive offered for sale or service.", "Hide a missed boiler inspection or a failed test.", "Allow the public onto the track or footplate while the locomotive is in steam without supervision." ], "requires_human": [ "Returning a locomotive to steam after repair or long storage.", "Scrapping, selling or exporting a historic locomotive." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Surviving Mallets are rare industrial heritage; decisions about them affect what later generations can see.", "A steam boiler stores great energy, and crews and spectators depend on careful inspection." ], "affected_parties": [ "Crews and volunteers", "Spectators and passengers", "Heritage railway communities" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The railway or museum that owns the locomotive; boiler inspectors certify it for steam.", "master_systems": [] }, "visual_identification": [ "A very long steam locomotive with two sets of driving wheels under one boiler.", "Large low-pressure cylinders at the front unit and smaller high-pressure cylinders behind.", "The front engine unit visibly swings sideways under the boiler on curves." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Boiler failure if water level, pressure or inspection is neglected.", "Burns and scalding from steam, hot surfaces and the firebox.", "Leaking steam joints between the units, reducing power and visibility." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Steam Locomotive Inspection and Maintenance Standards, 49 CFR Part 230, US Federal Railroad Administration." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Mallet locomotives were used for heavy railway service where substantial tractive effort and the ability to negotiate curves were needed.", "Surviving examples are encountered in railway museums, heritage operations and restoration projects.", "Their compound steam machinery and articulated running gear are studied when interpreting railway history or assessing mechanical condition." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q120319: Mallet locomotive", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120319", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Mallet locomotive", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallet_locomotive", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "mallet-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Mallet identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish the architectural meaning of Mallet and its relationship to named classes and altered locomotives.", "rationale": "Historical naming can persist after machinery changes, so the label alone cannot establish membership.", "layers": [ { "id": "architectural-membership", "name": "Architectural membership", "description": "Test articulation and compounding together.", "findings": [ { "id": "combined-membership-test", "name": "Combined membership test", "description": "Record evidence for both the frame relationship and staged steam expansion before assigning strict Mallet membership.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which drawings or inspection observations establish the fixed rear engine and pivoting front engine?", "kind": "definition", "id": "combined-membership-test-q01" }, { "text": "Does the documented normal steam circuit connect rear high-pressure exhaust to front low-pressure admission?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "combined-membership-test-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "configuration-history", "name": "Configuration history", "description": "Separate design identity from subsequent rebuilding and terminology.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-versus-machinery", "name": "Name versus machinery", "description": "Associate each classification with a dated configuration and distinguish original equipment from conversion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which builder, railway or museum records establish the original configuration and later conversions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "name-versus-machinery-q01" }, { "text": "If a source calls a simple-expansion locomotive a Mallet, is that historical naming or a broader architectural usage?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "name-versus-machinery-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "articulation-and-load-paths", "name": "Articulation and load paths", "description": "Represent frame movement, boiler support and the geometry governing curve negotiation.", "rationale": "The moving front engine changes support, clearance and maintenance requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "frame-and-boiler-support", "name": "Frame and boiler support", "description": "Identify the pivot and the structures transferring load between boiler and engine units.", "findings": [ { "id": "support-arrangement", "name": "Support arrangement", "description": "Record the actual support arrangement; the conventional fixed-rear and sliding-front arrangement must not erase documented variants. [Baldwin technical account](https://www.catskillarchive.com/rrextra/blwmal00.Html)", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are the articulation pivot and boiler supports, and which movements does each permit?", "kind": "definition", "id": "support-arrangement-q01" }, { "text": "What measured pivot and support clearances apply, and which maintenance document supplies their limits?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "support-arrangement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "curve-and-track-interface", "name": "Curve and track interface", "description": "Connect articulation geometry and loading to a particular route.", "findings": [ { "id": "route-fit-evidence", "name": "Route-fit evidence", "description": "Require configuration-specific geometry and axle-load evidence before judging route compatibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "What minimum curve radius, front-engine sweep and clearance envelope are documented for this configuration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "route-fit-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Do the proposed route's gauge, curvature, clearances and axle-load limits accommodate the locomotive in its intended loading condition?", "kind": "action", "id": "route-fit-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "compound-steam-and-control", "name": "Compound steam and control", "description": "Capture staged expansion, connections across the articulation and design-specific control modes.", "rationale": "Compound steam routing distinguishes the strict type and creates dependencies between the two engines.", "layers": [ { "id": "expansion-circuit", "name": "Expansion circuit", "description": "Follow steam through both pressure stages and the moving connections.", "findings": [ { "id": "receiver-and-moving-connections", "name": "Receiver and moving connections", "description": "Identify the receiver and flexible steam or exhaust connections, including their accommodation of movement and thermal expansion. [Baldwin technical account](https://www.catskillarchive.com/rrextra/blwmal00.Html)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which pipes and joints connect the expansion stages and exhaust, and how does each accommodate articulation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "receiver-and-moving-connections-q01" }, { "text": "What pressure, leakage and movement observations establish the condition of these connections?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "receiver-and-moving-connections-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "starting-and-valve-control", "name": "Starting and valve control", "description": "Establish fitted starting arrangements and the control relationship between engine units.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-mode-transitions", "name": "Documented mode transitions", "description": "Record starting provisions, reversing arrangements and cutoff control from the applicable design documentation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What starting or intercepting arrangement is fitted, if any, and how does its steam path differ from normal compound running?", "kind": "definition", "id": "documented-mode-transitions-q01" }, { "text": "Which approved checks establish correct mode transition and valve-control movement throughout the permitted articulation range?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-mode-transitions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "traction-condition-and-permitted-use", "name": "Traction, condition and permitted use", "description": "Connect duty requirements, machinery condition and authorisation to proposed locomotive actions.", "rationale": "An identifiable Mallet may still lack the capacity, condition or evidence required for a particular movement or service.", "layers": [ { "id": "two-engine-duty", "name": "Two-engine duty", "description": "Assess performance and consumable support for both powered wheel groups.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-duty-envelope", "name": "Documented duty envelope", "description": "Record configuration-specific hauling evidence, adhesion assumptions and supply requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measured or documented tractive effort and sustained speed apply to the proposed load and gradient?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "documented-duty-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "What fuel, water and lubrication provisions support both engine units for that duty?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-duty-envelope-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "inspection-and-release", "name": "Inspection and release", "description": "Determine how identified defects and applicable requirements constrain movement or steaming.", "findings": [ { "id": "articulated-machinery-readiness", "name": "Articulated machinery readiness", "description": "Link pivot wear, support condition, pipe leakage, linkage interference and running-gear defects to documented disposition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which inspections establish the condition of the articulation, moving pipes, control linkages and both engine units?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "articulated-machinery-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Which recorded defects require repair, restricted movement or withdrawal under the applicable maintenance instructions?", "kind": "action", "id": "articulated-machinery-readiness-q02" } ] }, { "id": "action-specific-authorisation", "name": "Action-specific authorisation", "description": "Distinguish static display, cold movement, steaming and hauling using linked boiler, brake and operational evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authority and current rule edition govern the proposed activity, and what inspection or certification evidence is required?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "action-specific-authorisation-q01" }, { "text": "What fitted protective devices, operating procedures and restrictions must be verified before that activity?", "kind": "action", "id": "action-specific-authorisation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The definition uses the strict compound meaning; historical names and preservation descriptions may use 'Mallet' more broadly.", "Dimensions, boiler pressure, power and tractive effort vary too widely across classes for an unqualified typical range.", "Applicable boiler inspection and railway operating requirements depend on jurisdiction and operating context; none are asserted here." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Mallet locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Mallet tank locomotives, carrying water and fuel on the locomotive", "Mallet tender locomotives, carrying water and fuel in a separate tender" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Mallet locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Whyte notation", "value_or_pattern": "Examples include 0-6-6-0, 2-6-6-2 and 2-8-8-2", "note": "Describes wheel arrangement; it does not by itself establish that a locomotive uses Mallet compounding." }, { "scheme": "Railway locomotive class and running number", "value_or_pattern": "Operator-specific class designation and individual locomotive number", "note": "Identifies a design class or individual engine; there is no universal Mallet model numbering system." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Mallet locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Hauling heavy freight on steeply graded routes", "Operating on mountain railways with restrictive curves", "Moving timber and other freight on logging railways", "Providing high adhesive weight on narrow-gauge railways", "Operating preserved locomotives on heritage and excursion services" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Mallet locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Boiler pressure-boundary failure or firebox overheating following dangerously low water levels", "Leakage or mechanical failure in steam connections accommodating front-unit movement", "Wear in articulation pivots, bearings and suspension components", "Cylinder damage from accumulated condensate when drainage is inadequate", "Wheel slip, running-gear failure or loss of braking effectiveness on demanding gradients" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Mallet locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "North American usage often extends 'Mallet' to simple-expansion articulated locomotives, although these are not Mallets in the strict thermodynamic sense.", "European applications included compact articulated compound locomotives for narrow-gauge and mountain lines.", "North American applications included very large tender locomotives for heavy freight." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Mallet locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Simple-expansion articulated steam locomotive", "difference": "Supplies boiler-pressure steam to both engine units instead of exhausting the rear high-pressure cylinders into front low-pressure cylinders." }, { "name": "Garratt locomotive", "difference": "Carries the boiler on a bridge frame supported between two pivoting engine units, rather than fixing the rear engine unit beneath the boiler." }, { "name": "Meyer locomotive", "difference": "Uses two pivoting engine units beneath the locomotive rather than the Mallet arrangement of one fixed rear unit and one pivoting front unit." }, { "name": "Rigid-frame compound steam locomotive", "difference": "Uses successive steam expansion without the Mallet's articulated front engine unit." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Mallet locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend strict compound Mallets only, or also simple articulated locomotives historically called Mallets?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept or its steam-locomotive parent, requiring linkage instead of a separate publication?", "Which representative classes should establish sourced ranges for gauge, dimensions, cylinder sizes, pressure, axle loads and performance without implying universal values?", "Which documented starting systems, boiler-support variants and conversions need explicit treatment within this kind?", "Which jurisdiction and intended use should anchor research into governing standards, issuing bodies, inspection intervals and required certification?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 25 } }