{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
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    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T02:16:38Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:57:20+00:00",
      "fields": [
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        "review by codex: pass"
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  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q12142910",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.fluid-flow",
    "name": "fluid flow",
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      "ACT.ACT"
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  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12142910/",
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    "registry_id": "vr.tr.fluid-flow",
    "name": "fluid flow",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain fluid flow and its regimes and governing principles, support calculations of flow in common configurations, describe applications across science and engineering, and support learning.",
    "definition": "The motion of a liquid or gas, described by velocity, pressure and density fields and governed by conservation laws, in regimes from smooth laminar to chaotic turbulent flow, including flow in pipes and channels, around bodies, pouring and spilling, inflow and outflow, eddies and vortices, and idealised flows studied mathematically; fluid flow is the subject of fluid dynamics and underlies weather, oceans, blood circulation, engineering and industry.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Motion of liquids and gases.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain regimes and principles",
      "support flow calculations",
      "describe applications",
      "support learning"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Continuum description",
      "Conservation laws",
      "Flow regimes",
      "Dimensionless numbers"
    ],
    "appearance": "Moving liquid or gas, visible as streams, waves and eddies.",
    "visual_identification": [
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      "Laminar or turbulent",
      "Solid motion is rigid; diffusion is molecular transport without bulk flow"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
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      "pipe and channel flow",
      "flow around bodies",
      "free surface flows such as pouring and spilling",
      "vortices, eddies and idealised flows"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "motion",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "plasma",
        "why": "flow of ionised gas"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "hurricane",
        "why": "atmospheric flow"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "aurora",
        "why": "space plasma flows"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Flow measurement standards",
      "Engineering codes for piping and hydraulics",
      "No regulation of the phenomenon"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Misapplying laminar formulas to turbulent flow",
      "Cavitation and water hammer in systems",
      "Flooding and spills"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Calculate flows with the regime and assumptions stated.",
        "Monitor flows in pipes and channels the agent is authorized to operate."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Apply laminar formulas to turbulent flow without saying so.",
        "Operate valves or pumps in ways that cause water hammer or cavitation.",
        "Present simulation results as exact for safety-critical designs.",
        "Release fluids where they can flood property or pollute the environment."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Changing flows in water supply, flood control or industrial systems."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Flow failures cause floods, bursts and spills that harm people and ecosystems.",
        "Downstream communities bear the cost of upstream decisions."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Downstream communities",
        "Operators and engineers",
        "Ecosystems"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the phenomenon; operators of each system answer for its flows.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q12142910: fluid flow",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12142910",
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      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
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    {
      "id": "wikipedia-fr",
      "title": "Wikipedia (fr): Écoulement (physique)",
      "url": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89coulement_%28physique%29",
      "url_status": "live",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What fluid flow is.",
        "rationale": "Physics.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "principles",
            "name": "Principles",
            "description": "Governing principles.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "principles-finding",
                "name": "Principles",
                "description": "Principles.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do conservation of mass, momentum and energy govern fluid flow, and what are the Navier-Stokes equations?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits fluid dynamics generally?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "regimes",
            "name": "Regimes",
            "description": "Flow regimes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "regimes-finding",
                "name": "Regimes",
                "description": "Regimes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do laminar and turbulent flow differ, and what does the Reynolds number tell?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits turbulence?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "compute",
        "name": "Compute",
        "description": "Calculations.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "pipes",
            "name": "Pipes",
            "description": "Pipe and channel flow.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "pipes-finding",
                "name": "Pipes",
                "description": "Pipes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are flow rate, pressure drop and head loss calculated for this pipe or channel?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits hydraulics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "bodies",
            "name": "Bodies",
            "description": "Flow around bodies.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "bodies-finding",
                "name": "Bodies",
                "description": "Bodies.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are drag and lift on a body estimated, and when is simulation needed?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits aerodynamics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "apply",
        "name": "Apply",
        "description": "Applications.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "nature",
            "name": "Nature",
            "description": "Flows in nature.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "nature-finding",
                "name": "Nature",
                "description": "Nature.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does fluid flow shape weather, oceans, rivers and blood circulation?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific natural flow?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "engineering",
            "name": "Engineering",
            "description": "Engineering flows.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "engineering-finding",
                "name": "Engineering",
                "description": "Engineering.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is fluid flow measured, controlled and simulated in engineering and industry?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits flow measurement?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "History and teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did fluid dynamics develop from Archimedes and Bernoulli to Navier, Stokes and Prandtl?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can fluid flow be taught with demonstrations and visualisation?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should turbulence be a separate entry?",
    "How should measurement standards be linked?",
    "How should simulation tools be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}