{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T19:45:31Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T19:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:45:24+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q12143",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.time-zone",
    "name": "time zone",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.PLC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12143/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.time-zone",
    "name": "time zone",
    "purpose": "Let an agent convert times between zones correctly, explain time zone rules and daylight saving, identify the time zone of a place, and handle scheduling across zones.",
    "definition": "A region of the Earth that observes a uniform standard time, defined by an offset from Coordinated Universal Time and often by seasonal daylight saving rules, established by governments and catalogued in the IANA time zone database; time zones govern scheduling, transport and communication across regions.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Coordinating time across regions.",
    "affordances": [
      "convert times between zones",
      "identify the time zone and offset of a place",
      "explain daylight saving rules",
      "schedule across zones without error"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Uniform standard time",
      "UTC offset",
      "Government-defined",
      "Seasonal changes in many"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; regions on maps and rules in databases.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "UTC offsets",
      "IANA zone names such as Europe/London",
      "Abbreviations such as CST are ambiguous"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "standard time zones",
      "daylight saving variants",
      "zones named by UTC offset",
      "IANA time zone identifiers",
      "historical time zones"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "time standard",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "region",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "beginning",
        "why": "start times across zones"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is defined by",
        "target": "government",
        "why": "authority"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "IANA tz identifier",
        "value_or_pattern": "Area/Location form",
        "note": "time zone database"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "IANA time zone database",
      "ISO 8601 time representations",
      "National time laws"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Wrong conversions around daylight saving changes",
      "Ambiguous abbreviations",
      "Outdated zone rules"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Convert times between zones using the current IANA time zone database.",
        "Schedule events showing the time zone and daylight saving rule that apply."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Use a fixed offset where a zone's daylight saving or historical rules change the time.",
        "Schedule medical doses, legal deadlines or flights from stale time zone data.",
        "Present a disputed or unofficial zone assignment as settled."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Changing the time zone setting of a shared system, calendar or device fleet."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Wrong times cause missed medicine, missed deadlines and safety errors in transport.",
        "Zone choices are political and affect daylight, health and daily life of whole populations."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "People across time zones",
        "Travellers and shift workers",
        "Operators of scheduling systems"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The government of each territory sets its legal time; the IANA time zone database records the rules.",
      "master_systems": [
        "IANA time zone database"
      ]
    },
    "facets_not_applicable": {
      "properties": "A time zone is a conventionally defined geographic region whose time offset and seasonal rules are administrative attributes rather than intrinsic physical properties."
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q12143: time zone",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12143",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Time zone",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "convert",
        "name": "Convert",
        "description": "Time conversion.",
        "rationale": "Use zone identifiers.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "between",
            "name": "Between",
            "description": "Converting times.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "between-finding",
                "name": "Between",
                "description": "Conversion.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is this time in the target time zone, using IANA identifiers and the date?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Does daylight saving apply on that date in either zone?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "place",
            "name": "Place",
            "description": "Zone of a place.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "place-finding",
                "name": "Place",
                "description": "Zone of a place.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which time zone and current offset does this place use?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Does the country have multiple zones?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "rules",
        "name": "Rules",
        "description": "Daylight saving and changes.",
        "rationale": "Rules change.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "dst",
            "name": "DST",
            "description": "Daylight saving.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "dst-finding",
                "name": "DST",
                "description": "Daylight saving.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "When do clocks change in this zone this year, according to official rules?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which countries have abolished or debated daylight saving?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "changes",
            "name": "Changes",
            "description": "Rule changes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "changes-finding",
                "name": "Changes",
                "description": "Rule changes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Has this zone changed its rules recently, and is the software database updated?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How are historical times computed?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "schedule",
        "name": "Schedule",
        "description": "Cross-zone scheduling.",
        "rationale": "Avoid errors.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "meetings",
            "name": "Meetings",
            "description": "Meeting times.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "meetings-finding",
                "name": "Meetings",
                "description": "Meetings.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What time suits participants across these zones?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How should the time be stated unambiguously?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "systems",
            "name": "Systems",
            "description": "Software handling.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "systems-finding",
                "name": "Systems",
                "description": "Software.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How should times be stored and displayed in software to avoid zone errors?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which libraries use the IANA database?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Background.",
        "rationale": "History and geography.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "Origins of zones.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did standard time zones develop, according to historians?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Why do zone boundaries not follow meridians?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "curiosities",
            "name": "Curiosities",
            "description": "Unusual zones.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "curiosities-finding",
                "name": "Curiosities",
                "description": "Unusual zones.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which zones have unusual offsets or straddle the date line?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific national time?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each zone be a separate entry?",
    "How should the tz database be linked?",
    "How should rule changes be tracked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}