{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T04:52:40Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:20:48+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q12174444",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.sink-q12174444",
    "name": "sink",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.PLC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12174444/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.sink-q12174444",
    "name": "sink",
    "purpose": "Let an agent recognise natural sinks as landforms with hydrological and hazard significance, and separate this sense from the kitchen sink.",
    "definition": "In geography and hydrology, a natural depression in the land surface where water collects and drains or evaporates without surface outflow, such as a sinkhole or an endorheic basin floor.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Describing terrain where water and sediment accumulate or disappear underground, important for water, hazards and construction.",
    "affordances": [
      "map and monitor it",
      "assess collapse and flood hazard",
      "protect groundwater that drains through it",
      "avoid building on it, or engineer foundations accordingly"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Closed depression without surface outflow",
      "Water leaves by infiltration or evaporation",
      "In karst, can collapse suddenly",
      "The plumbing fixture is a different entry"
    ],
    "appearance": "A hollow or basin, from a small funnel-shaped sinkhole to a broad flat pan, sometimes holding a seasonal lake.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Closed depression with no surface outlet",
      "Circular collapse features in karst areas",
      "Salt or mud pans in dry basins"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "diameter",
        "typical_range": "1 m to many km",
        "unit": "distance",
        "note": "sinkholes to basin floors"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "depth",
        "typical_range": "0.5-600",
        "unit": "m",
        "note": "large karst sinkholes reach hundreds of metres"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "karst sinkholes: solution, collapse, cover-subsidence",
      "endorheic basin floors and pans",
      "swallow holes where streams disappear",
      "human-induced sinkholes"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "landform",
        "why": "a depression"
      },
      {
        "relation": "drains to",
        "target": "groundwater",
        "why": "aquifer recharge"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "sink as a fixture",
        "why": "a homonym"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a hazard for",
        "target": "building and road",
        "why": "collapse risk"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Geological survey hazard mapping",
      "Groundwater protection law",
      "Building codes requiring ground investigation in karst areas"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Sudden collapse under buildings and roads",
      "Groundwater contamination through sinkholes",
      "Flooding of closed basins"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Map and report sinks, sinkholes and closed basins from geological surveys.",
        "Report new collapses or subsidence to the responsible authority."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Recommend building on a known sinkhole area without a geological survey.",
        "Dispose of waste or pollutants into a sinkhole.",
        "Encourage people to approach or enter an active collapse."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Evacuating or closing a road or building over subsidence."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Sinkholes connect surface to groundwater, so pollution there reaches drinking water.",
        "Collapse risk can make homes unsellable, so warnings must be well founded."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Residents and property owners",
        "Groundwater users"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The landowner; geological surveys map the hazard.",
      "master_systems": [
        "National geological survey hazard maps"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q12174444: sink",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174444",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "form-and-type",
        "name": "Form and type",
        "description": "What kind of sink.",
        "rationale": "Type decides behaviour and hazard.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "type",
            "name": "Type",
            "description": "Sinkhole, basin, swallow hole.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "type-finding",
                "name": "Sink type",
                "description": "The type and origin.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What type of sink is this, and how did it form?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is it natural or human-induced?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "size",
            "name": "Size",
            "description": "Diameter and depth.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "size-finding",
                "name": "Dimensions",
                "description": "Measured size.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How wide and deep is it?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is it growing?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "hydrology",
        "name": "Hydrology",
        "description": "Where the water goes.",
        "rationale": "Sinks connect surface water to groundwater.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "drainage",
            "name": "Drainage",
            "description": "Infiltration or evaporation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "drainage-finding",
                "name": "Drainage path",
                "description": "How water leaves.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does water leave this sink?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which aquifer does it feed?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "flooding",
            "name": "Flooding",
            "description": "Ponding and lakes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "flooding-finding",
                "name": "Flood behaviour",
                "description": "When it floods.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "When does the sink hold water, and how deep?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is at risk when it floods?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "hazard",
        "name": "Hazard",
        "description": "Collapse risk.",
        "rationale": "Karst sinkholes can open without warning.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "collapse",
            "name": "Collapse",
            "description": "Stability.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "collapse-finding",
                "name": "Collapse risk",
                "description": "Collapse risk assessment.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the collapse risk here, according to hazard maps?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What signs precede collapse?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "response",
            "name": "Response",
            "description": "What to do.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "response-finding",
                "name": "Response",
                "description": "Actions if a sinkhole opens.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What should people do if a sinkhole opens?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Who must be informed?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "protection",
        "name": "Protection",
        "description": "Water and land use.",
        "rationale": "Sinks are pathways for pollution and constraints on building.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "groundwater",
            "name": "Groundwater protection",
            "description": "Pollution pathways.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "groundwater-finding",
                "name": "Protection",
                "description": "Protection measures.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is dumping or runoff into the sink controlled?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which rules protect the aquifer?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "building",
            "name": "Building",
            "description": "Construction constraints.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "building-finding",
                "name": "Ground investigation",
                "description": "Requirements for building nearby.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What ground investigation is required before building near it?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How are foundations designed?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should sinkholes and endorheic basins be separate entries?",
    "How should sinkhole hazard maps be linked?",
    "The registry entry has no aliases; is the landform sense the one intended?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}