{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:12:36Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00823004, "turns": 1, "seconds": 83.4, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 100.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b8e-a802-79f1-8484-d411c06a3e00\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Rubus idaeus\nRegistry id: vr.tr.rubus-idaeus\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:01:27+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners", "visual_identification" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "4 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q12252383", "registryId": "vr.tr.rubus-idaeus", "name": "Rubus idaeus", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12252383/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.rubus-idaeus", "name": "Rubus idaeus", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a candidate Rubus idaeus plant, assess its canes, root system and reproductive state, and choose evidence-supported care, propagation or harvest actions.", "definition": "Rubus idaeus is a deciduous, suckering shrub in Rosaceae whose aggregate fruit is the cultivated red raspberry, native to temperate Eurasia and widely grown as a perennial cane-fruit crop.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the recognition and actionable biological state of living plants assigned to vr.tr.rubus-idaeus in PHY / PHY.OBJ, including their attached organs and relationships within a raspberry patch; taxonomic interpretation and uncertain individual boundaries must remain explicit.", "in_scope": [ "Evidence supporting identification as Rubus idaeus, including conflicting observations and cultivar provenance.", "Rooted plant, crown, cane and patch boundaries, including uncertain clonal connections.", "Cane age, fruiting habit, seasonal development and remaining productive tissue.", "Root-zone conditions, visible damage and evidence of declining plant health.", "Flowering, attached fruit development, harvest readiness and propagation suitability." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Rubus genus taxonomy and independent models of other raspberry species or interspecific hybrids.", "Soil bodies, weather systems and habitat communities beyond their relationships to the plant.", "Pathogen, pest and pollinator biology beyond observed interactions with this plant.", "Detached fruit inventory, storage, processing and food-product quality assurance.", "Farm operations, irrigation equipment and trellis engineering.", "Medicinal preparations, clinical effects and treatment decisions." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "At ripe-fruit detachment, check whether the receptacle stays on the plant and leaves a hollow fruit; blackberries retain the receptacle. This establishes a raspberry character, not Rubus idaeus alone. [OSU Extension](https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/em-9180-growing-berries-oregon-coast-raspberries-blackberries)", "Observe fully mature fruit rather than red immature fruit when comparing with black raspberries; record yellow-fruited exceptions and use additional characters. [OSU Extension](https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/em-9180-growing-berries-oregon-coast-raspberries-blackberries)", "Compare flowers and terminal leaflets with Rubus parvifolius: its pink to purple-red petals and obtuse to broadly acute terminal leaflets contrast with the characters used to key Rubus idaeus. Photograph both structures and apply the complete regional key. [Native Plant Trust](https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/rubus/parvifolius/)", "For material interpreted as Rubus idaeus subsp. idaeus, check typically 3-5, occasionally 7 leaflets and absence of glands on petioles and lower leaflet surfaces; glandular material requires a broader taxonomic comparison rather than automatic rejection. [Flora of North America](https://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250100522)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | provisional | supported | disputed", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a nursery label or raspberry-like fruit from becoming an unsupported species determination." }, { "name": "Taxonomic interpretation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named taxonomic authority and treatment, with identification evidence", "why_it_matters": "Makes the meaning of Rubus idaeus explicit where regional treatments differ." }, { "name": "Cultivar and planting-stock origin", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Cultivar or accession, supplier or parent plant, supporting record, or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Connects expected fruiting behaviour and identity claims to traceable material." }, { "name": "Observation unit", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "tagged cane | rooted crown | rooted shoot | mapped patch", "why_it_matters": "Keeps cane counts and health observations from being mistaken for counts or states of genetically separate plants." }, { "name": "Cane cohort", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "current-season | overwintered | older dead remnant | unknown; emergence date if known", "why_it_matters": "Supports selective pruning without relying on stem colour alone." }, { "name": "Fruiting habit", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "floricane-fruiting | primocane-fruiting | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which cane tissue may carry a future crop. [RHS](https://www.rhs.org.uk/fruit/raspberries/grow-your-own)" }, { "name": "Cane segment condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "vegetative | flowering | fruiting | previously fruited | dormant | damaged | dead; multiple states permitted", "why_it_matters": "Allows different portions of a cane to have different management implications." }, { "name": "Living cane density", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "canes per mapped square metre or per metre of defined row", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of crowding and thinning while retaining the measured area and cohort." }, { "name": "Root-zone moisture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "volumetric water content (%), with depth, method and time", "why_it_matters": "Provides evidence for watering decisions and investigation of wilting." }, { "name": "Symptom extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "affected canes / inspected canes, with symptom and organ recorded", "why_it_matters": "Separates a local lesion from patch-wide decline and supports repeat comparisons." }, { "name": "Attached fruit maturity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unripe | ripening | ripe | overripe | damaged | indeterminate", "why_it_matters": "Supports harvest selection using detachment and condition alongside cultivar-specific colour." }, { "name": "Spread beyond the managed boundary", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "new shoots outside boundary and maximum distance in metres, per observation interval", "why_it_matters": "Makes containment decisions depend on observed spread." } ], "affordances": [ "Document diagnostic organs and request expert determination when the species assignment remains uncertain.", "Tag cane cohorts and select individual canes or cane portions for retention, support or pruning.", "Adjust watering or investigate drainage using root-zone observations and plant response.", "Inspect symptomatic canes and roots, collect diagnostic samples and track subsequent decline or recovery.", "Select propagation material using identity, parentage and health evidence.", "Harvest suitably mature attached fruit and connect the harvest event to a separate fruit-lot record." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Identify the raspberry plant and report cultivation and plant health advice from horticultural sources.", "Report the plant's origin and cultivar where the grower records it." ], "must_not": [ "Move plants across borders or areas where plant health rules forbid it.", "Recommend unapproved pesticides or use on crops near harvest.", "Advise eating unknown wild berries as raspberries without sure identification." ], "requires_human": [ "Applying plant protection products to a crop." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Berry picking relies on seasonal workers whose conditions are often poor.", "Pesticide residues on soft fruit affect consumers and workers." ], "affected_parties": [ "Fruit pickers", "Growers", "Consumers" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The grower or landowner where it grows.", "master_systems": [ "National and global plant species databases", "Plant variety registers" ] }, "visual_identification": [ "Upright prickly canes with leaves of three to five toothed leaflets, pale underneath.", "Red aggregate fruit that comes away from the core, leaving a hollow berry." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Rubus idaeus grows in temperate woodland openings, disturbed ground, gardens and commercial fruit plantings.", "It is cultivated mainly for raspberries eaten fresh or processed into preserves, desserts and beverages.", "Its perennial root system and successive generations of canes are relevant to crop management and propagation." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "The International Plant Protection Convention, administered by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, provides the phytosanitary framework relevant to international movement of raspberry planting material." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Prickly canes can scratch skin and snag clothing during handling.", "Diseased planting material can introduce pests or pathogens into cultivated plantings.", "Suckering growth can spread beyond the intended planting area and compete with neighboring vegetation.", "Misidentified or contaminated fruit can present food safety risks." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "kew-powo", "title": "Rubus idaeus L.", "url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:738154-1", "what_it_supports": "Accepted scientific name, authorship, family, native range, and taxonomic placement.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "usda-plants", "title": "Rubus idaeus L. - American red raspberry", "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=RUID", "what_it_supports": "USDA Plants symbol, North American distribution, and distinction of subsp. strigosus.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q122523", "title": "Rubus idaeus (Q122523)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122523", "what_it_supports": "Stable identifiers (Wikidata QID, IPNI, GRIN, ITIS) used to name this taxon.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "codex-raspberries", "title": "Standard for Raspberries (CXS 344-2021)", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXS%2B344-2021%252FCXS_344e.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Codex commodity standard covering commercial raspberry fruit identity, quality, sizing, and tolerances.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q12252383: Rubus idaeus", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12252383", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Rubus idaeus", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus_idaeus", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "raspberry-identity", "name": "Raspberry identity", "description": "Evidence that this plant belongs to the registered Rubus idaeus concept.", "rationale": "Raspberry appearance, trade names and species determinations can disagree.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnostic-organs", "name": "Diagnostic organs", "description": "Comparable observations of leaves, stems, flowers and ripe fruit.", "findings": [ { "id": "combined-identification-evidence", "name": "Combined identification evidence", "description": "Record the observed character combination, its developmental stage and unresolved alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaf, stem, flower and ripe-fruit characters support Rubus idaeus under the selected regional key?", "kind": "definition", "id": "combined-identification-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which plausible alternative remains unexcluded, and which missing organ or observation would distinguish it?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "combined-identification-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxon-and-stock-provenance", "name": "Taxon and stock provenance", "description": "The interpretation and material history behind the name.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-to-plant-assignment", "name": "Name-to-plant assignment", "description": "Keep the determination authority, cultivar claim and planting-stock history distinct.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who assigned this plant to Rubus idaeus, using which taxonomic treatment and supporting specimen or images?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "name-to-plant-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Does the cultivar or accession record support this assignment, indicate hybrid ancestry or leave parentage unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "name-to-plant-assignment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "root-system-and-cane-cohorts", "name": "Root system and cane cohorts", "description": "Persistent belowground structure, shoot relationships and cane-level development.", "rationale": "A perennial crown and root system supports shorter-lived canes, so cane death does not establish whole-plant death. [OSU Extension](https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/em-9180-growing-berries-oregon-coast-raspberries-blackberries)", "layers": [ { "id": "rooted-unit-boundaries", "name": "Rooted unit boundaries", "description": "The physical units being followed within a raspberry patch.", "findings": [ { "id": "crown-and-shoot-connections", "name": "Crown and shoot connections", "description": "Map crowns and emerging shoots without assuming that adjacent canes are separate plants or genetically identical.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record follow a cane, rooted crown, rooted shoot or mapped patch?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "crown-and-shoot-connections-q01" }, { "text": "What observed connection or propagation history links this shoot to another recorded plant?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "crown-and-shoot-connections-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cane-age-and-survival", "name": "Cane age and survival", "description": "Emergence cohorts and the distribution of living and dead cane tissue.", "findings": [ { "id": "cohort-specific-cane-state", "name": "Cohort-specific cane state", "description": "Track emergence, overwintering, fruiting history and segment survival for tagged canes.", "questions": [ { "text": "When did this cane emerge, and which dated observations establish its cohort?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "cohort-specific-cane-state-q01" }, { "text": "Which portions are living, dormant, previously fruited or dead, and how was each state assessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cohort-specific-cane-state-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-and-attached-fruit", "name": "Flowering and attached fruit", "description": "Fruiting behaviour, reproductive progress and harvest readiness.", "rationale": "Floricane-fruiting and primocane-fruiting raspberries bear on different cane cohorts. [RHS](https://www.rhs.org.uk/fruit/raspberries/grow-your-own)", "layers": [ { "id": "fruiting-pattern", "name": "Fruiting pattern", "description": "Where and when flowers and fruit occur on known cane cohorts.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-bearing-habit", "name": "Observed bearing habit", "description": "Distinguish observed bearing behaviour from a cultivar label and from the effects of previous pruning.", "questions": [ { "text": "Did flowers occur on current-season canes, overwintered canes or both, and on which portions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-bearing-habit-q01" }, { "text": "Could prior pruning, plant establishment or interrupted seasonal growth explain the absence of an expected crop?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observed-bearing-habit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fruit-set-and-ripeness", "name": "Fruit set and ripeness", "description": "Progress from flowers to harvestable aggregate fruit.", "findings": [ { "id": "harvestable-fruit-condition", "name": "Harvestable fruit condition", "description": "Record fruit set, drupelet development, maturity and defects; easy receptacle separation is a ripeness indicator. [OSU Extension](https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/em-9180-growing-berries-oregon-coast-raspberries-blackberries)", "questions": [ { "text": "What proportion of the marked flowers produced fruit, and how complete is drupelet development in the sampled fruit?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "harvestable-fruit-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Which fruit meet the observed maturity and condition criteria for harvesting, and which should remain or be excluded?", "kind": "action", "id": "harvestable-fruit-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "root-zone-and-decline", "name": "Root zone and decline", "description": "Environmental exposure and evidence explaining poor cane or crown performance.", "rationale": "Raspberries are sensitive to poor drainage; root-zone evidence matters when interpreting decline. [OSU Extension](https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/em-9180-growing-berries-oregon-coast-raspberries-blackberries)", "layers": [ { "id": "root-zone-exposure", "name": "Root-zone exposure", "description": "Water availability and site conditions at the observed plant.", "findings": [ { "id": "water-and-site-evidence", "name": "Water and site evidence", "description": "Link moisture, ponding, soil observations and recent weather to the timing of growth or wilting.", "questions": [ { "text": "What moisture readings and ponding durations were recorded near the roots, at which depths and times?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "water-and-site-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What additional evidence is needed before choosing irrigation, drainage improvement or another response to wilt?", "kind": "action", "id": "water-and-site-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "symptoms-and-diagnostic-confidence", "name": "Symptoms and diagnostic confidence", "description": "The location, progression and interpretation of damage.", "findings": [ { "id": "decline-pattern", "name": "Decline pattern", "description": "Separate observed lesions, discoloration and dieback from inferred causes, using cane cohort and root condition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organs and cane cohorts are affected, how widespread are symptoms, and how have they changed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "decline-pattern-q01" }, { "text": "Which examination or diagnostic result distinguishes expected post-fruiting decline from injury or disease in this case?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "decline-pattern-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cane-management-and-propagation", "name": "Cane management and propagation", "description": "State-dependent interventions affecting future fruiting and raspberry spread.", "rationale": "Removing cane tissue changes future cropping, while moving rooted material also carries identity and health implications.", "layers": [ { "id": "pruning-and-retention", "name": "Pruning and retention", "description": "Cane selection linked to confirmed bearing habit and the intended crop.", "findings": [ { "id": "crop-aware-pruning", "name": "Crop-aware pruning", "description": "Record the intended crop and identify the exact canes or portions to retain or remove.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the intended outcome a floricane crop, a primocane crop or both, and what evidence supports that choice for this plant?", "kind": "action", "id": "crop-aware-pruning-q01" }, { "text": "Which tagged canes or segments should be retained, supported, thinned or removed given their age and condition?", "kind": "action", "id": "crop-aware-pruning-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "suckers-and-planting-material", "name": "Suckers and planting material", "description": "Shoot spread, parentage and suitability for movement.", "findings": [ { "id": "propagation-and-containment-decision", "name": "Propagation and containment decision", "description": "Red raspberries can spread through shoots from root buds; record their position and parentage evidence before retention or movement. [OSU Extension](https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/em-9180-growing-berries-oregon-coast-raspberries-blackberries)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which new shoots lie beyond the intended patch boundary, and should they be retained or removed?", "kind": "action", "id": "propagation-and-containment-decision-q01" }, { "text": "What identity and health evidence supports using a selected rooted shoot as propagation material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "propagation-and-containment-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "European red raspberry (Rubus idaeus subsp. idaeus / var. vulgatus)", "American red raspberry (Rubus idaeus subsp. strigosus / var. strigosus)", "Floricane (summer-bearing) cultivars", "Primocane (autumn-bearing / everbearing) cultivars", "Yellow-fruited mutants (e.g. 'Fallgold', 'Golden Queen')", "Processing / IQF and juice cultivars", "Fresh-market cultivars", "Wild / woodland raspberry populations" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Rubus idaeus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q122523", "note": "Item for the species Rubus idaeus." }, { "scheme": "IPNI", "value_or_pattern": "738154-1", "note": "Linnaean name Rubus idaeus L." }, { "scheme": "POWO taxon", "value_or_pattern": "urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:738154-1", "note": "Kew Plants of the World Online LSID." }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "24849", "note": "Integrated Taxonomic Information System taxonomic serial number." }, { "scheme": "USDA PLANTS symbol", "value_or_pattern": "RUID", "note": "Species-level symbol; subsp. strigosus is RUIDS2." }, { "scheme": "GRIN-Global taxon", "value_or_pattern": "Rubus idaeus L.", "note": "USDA-ARS germplasm taxonomy for cultivated raspberry." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "32285", "note": "NCBI taxid for Rubus idaeus." }, { "scheme": "HS / CN product code", "value_or_pattern": "0810.20 (fresh raspberries); 0811.20 (frozen raspberries, blackberries, mulberries, etc.)", "note": "Harmonized System headings used in trade; exact national splits vary." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Rubus idaeus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Codex Alimentarius CXS 344-2021 Standard for Raspberries (FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission)", "UNECE Standard FFV-57 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of berry fruits (UNECE)", "EU marketing standard for berries under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 543/2011 as amended (European Commission)", "UPOV Test Guidelines TG/43/7 for Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) - distinctness, uniformity, stability for cultivar protection (UPOV)", "EPPO diagnostic and phytosanitary measures for raspberry pathogens, notably Raspberry bushy dwarf virus and Phytophthora root rot (EPPO/OEPP)", "Maximum residue limits for pesticides on raspberries in Codex CXLs and in EU Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 (Codex; European Commission)", "Plant variety protection / plant breeders' rights filings for raspberry cultivars (national PVP offices; CPVO in the EU)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Rubus idaeus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Grown as a perennial cane crop for fresh dessert fruit, IQF freezing, puree, jam, juice, and yoghurt colouring", "Wild-harvested in northern Eurasia and parts of North America for home use and small-scale sale", "Used as a parent in breeding with black raspberry (R. occidentalis) and blackberry (Rubus subg. Rubus) to produce hybrids such as loganberry and tayberry lines", "Planted in high-tunnel and substrate (coir/peat) systems for out-of-season fresh market in Europe and North America", "Leaves historically used as a herbal infusion; fruit used as a colour and flavour ingredient in confectionery and liqueurs", "Sold as certified planting stock (canes, root cuttings, tissue-culture plants) under national fruit-plant certification schemes" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Rubus idaeus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Cane height at maturity", "typical_range": "1.0-2.5", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Fresh berry mass", "typical_range": "2-6", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Soluble solids (ripe fruit)", "typical_range": "8-12", "unit": "°Brix" }, { "quantity": "Titratable acidity (as citric)", "typical_range": "1.2-2.5", "unit": "g/100 g" }, { "quantity": "Commercial yield (field, floricane)", "typical_range": "5-15", "unit": "t/ha" }, { "quantity": "Ploidy of cultivated types", "typical_range": "2n = 2x = 14", "unit": "chromosomes" }, { "quantity": "Chilling requirement (floricane types)", "typical_range": "800-1600", "unit": "chill hours" }, { "quantity": "Postharvest life at 0-1 °C", "typical_range": "2-7", "unit": "days" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Rubus idaeus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Phytophthora root rot (especially P. rubi) in wet or poorly drained soils, often killing plantations", "Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) causing crumbly fruit and yield loss; pollen-transmitted", "Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) on flowers and fruit in wet harvest weather", "Spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) oviposition in ripening fruit", "Postharvest collapse: high respiration and grey mould make the fruit among the most perishable temperate berries", "Primocane winter injury and floricane dieback after insufficient hardening", "Allergenic proteins (e.g. Rub i 1, a Bet v 1 homologue) causing oral allergy syndrome in birch-sensitised people", "Pesticide residue and mycotoxin (patulin is more an apple issue; Botrytis and Alternaria metabolites can occur) concerns in processed pulp" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Rubus idaeus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "In North America 'red raspberry' often implies R. idaeus subsp. strigosus or hybrids with it; in Europe it usually means subsp. idaeus", "Yellow-fruited forms are marketed as 'golden raspberries' in English-speaking trade; they remain R. idaeus, not a separate species", "Russia, Poland, Serbia and Scotland remain major production or breeding centres with distinct cultivar lists (e.g. Glen series in the UK, Polka/Polana in Poland)", "Wild woodland raspberry is a foraged fruit in Scandinavia and Russia and is rarely the same clone as commercial cultivars", "Black raspberry (R. occidentalis) is a separate crop in the eastern United States and is not a colour form of R. idaeus", "HS 0810.20 may be grouped with blackberries in some national tariff lines, so trade statistics do not always isolate red raspberry" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Rubus idaeus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry)", "difference": "Black raspberry fruit is glaucous-black, remains on a dry receptacle (torus stays on the plant when picked), and canes are typically glaucous; R. idaeus fruit is red or yellow and the torus comes away with the berry as a hollow cup." }, { "name": "Rubus fruticosus agg. / blackberry", "difference": "Blackberry fruit is an aggregate that stays attached to the torus when picked (solid core); raspberry is hollow. Blackberry canes are usually more robust and often trailing." }, { "name": "Rubus phoenicolasius (wineberry)", "difference": "Wineberry has densely glandular-bristly, reddish canes and a sticky calyx that encloses the fruit until late; R. idaeus canes are not densely glandular-red and the calyx is not enveloping in the same way." }, { "name": "Rubus arcticus (arctic bramble)", "difference": "A low, often unarmed boreal species with few large drupelets and a distinct aroma; not a tall biennial cane shrub." }, { "name": "Loganberry / tayberry (R. idaeus × blackberry hybrids)", "difference": "Hybrid berries are typically darker red-purple, longer than wide, and the torus usually remains with the fruit as in blackberry; flavour and cane habit are intermediate." }, { "name": "Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus)", "difference": "A dwarf dioecious tundra species with amber ripe fruit; not a cane raspberry and not commercially interchangeable." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Rubus idaeus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which taxonomic treatment should govern vr.tr.rubus-idaeus, particularly for material named Rubus strigosus or assigned to North American subspecies?", "Which cultivated accessions belong within this registry entry, and which require links to separately registered hybrid concepts?", "Which diagnostic character combinations reliably distinguish local lookalikes when flowers or ripe fruit are unavailable?", "What observation protocol should distinguish rooted shoots, crowns and genetically distinct individuals in an established patch?", "Which cultivar- and location-specific evidence should establish pruning timing, moisture targets and thresholds for investigating abnormal decline?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }