{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T20:06:18Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T06:59:41+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "revisions": [
      {
        "at": "2026-10-07T11:07:16+00:00",
        "engine": "codex",
        "fields": [
          "definition",
          "visual_identification"
        ],
        "answering_review": "b9fbe48e8b78ad98e3e0f1ddf54f727278356c5d8ebd091cc71c21d98943cec9"
      }
    ],
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:28+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q12357832",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.second-level-administrative-division",
    "name": "second-level administrative division",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.PLC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12357832/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.second-level-administrative-division",
    "name": "second-level administrative division",
    "purpose": "Let an agent identify what the second-level division is in a given country, relay its powers, names and codes from official sources, and separate the abstract level from the specific units and from statistical divisions.",
    "definition": "An administrative unit at the second tier below the national level, subordinate to or under the administration of a first-level unit such as a state, province or region, which may but need not contain lower units such as municipalities; examples include counties in many countries, districts, departments of France, provinces of Spain and prefectures within Chinese provinces, with powers and names that vary widely.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Organising government between the first level and local units.",
    "affordances": [
      "identify the second-level unit type in a country",
      "relay names, powers and codes",
      "distinguish administrative from statistical levels",
      "route to the specific unit entry"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Second tier of a hierarchy",
      "Powers and names vary by country",
      "Usually has an administration or council",
      "Coded in national and international schemes"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a physical object; seen on administrative maps and in codes.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "The unit is subordinate to or under the administration of a first-level division.",
      "The unit may contain municipalities or equivalent lower units, but these are not required.",
      "Levels differ by country, and a statistical division may not be a government."
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "counties and districts",
      "departments of France and provinces of Spain and Italy",
      "prefecture-level divisions in China",
      "raions and districts in post-Soviet states",
      "historical second-level units"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "administrative territorial entity",
        "why": "by level"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contained in",
        "target": "first-level administrative division",
        "why": "the level above"
      },
      {
        "relation": "contains",
        "target": "municipality",
        "why": "typical lower units"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "statistical territorial unit",
        "why": "a non-governmental division"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 3166-2",
        "value_or_pattern": "per country",
        "note": "covers some second-level units"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "national codes",
        "value_or_pattern": "per country",
        "note": "such as INSEE, FIPS or GB codes"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "National constitutions and local government law",
      "ISO 3166-2 and national coding standards",
      "Statistical classifications such as NUTS"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Mismatching levels between countries",
      "Outdated units after reforms",
      "Confusing statistical with administrative units"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Describe second-level administrative divisions and how they nest in a country's hierarchy.",
        "Map and link divisions using official codes and gazetteers."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Treat divisions in different countries as equivalent when their powers differ.",
        "Use outdated boundaries or names without noting the date.",
        "Take a side in a disputed boundary or name as if it were settled."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Changing boundaries or names in an authoritative dataset."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Boundaries decide who governs, taxes and represents people.",
        "Names of divisions can carry political and cultural meaning."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Residents",
        "Local governments",
        "Users of statistics"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The national government under whose law the divisions exist.",
      "master_systems": [
        "National statistical and administrative gazetteers"
      ]
    },
    "facets_not_applicable": {
      "properties": "An administrative tier is an institutional classification rather than a physical object with intrinsic measurable properties."
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q12357832: second-level administrative division",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12357832",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Second level administrative division",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_level_administrative_division",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "What the level is here.",
        "rationale": "Identity.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "level",
            "name": "Level",
            "description": "Level in the hierarchy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "level-finding",
                "name": "Level",
                "description": "Level.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the second-level unit in this country, and what sits above and below it?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the unit administrative or statistical?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "codes",
            "name": "Codes",
            "description": "Codes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "codes-finding",
                "name": "Codes",
                "description": "Codes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which codes identify the units, and where are they published?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific unit?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "govern",
        "name": "Govern",
        "description": "Powers and administration.",
        "rationale": "Government.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "powers",
            "name": "Powers",
            "description": "Powers.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "powers-finding",
                "name": "Powers",
                "description": "Powers.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What powers and services does the unit hold under national law?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the national local government system?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "institutions",
            "name": "Institutions",
            "description": "Councils and executives.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "institutions-finding",
                "name": "Institutions",
                "description": "Institutions.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is the unit governed, elected or appointed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits local elections?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "compare",
        "name": "Compare",
        "description": "Comparison across countries.",
        "rationale": "Comparison.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "mapping",
            "name": "Mapping",
            "description": "Equivalences.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "mapping-finding",
                "name": "Mapping",
                "description": "Mapping.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do second-level units compare across countries in size and powers?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "statistics",
            "name": "Statistics",
            "description": "Statistical levels.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "statistics-finding",
                "name": "Statistics",
                "description": "Statistics.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do statistical classifications such as NUTS map onto administrative levels?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits statistical geography?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "Change over time.",
        "rationale": "History.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "reforms",
            "name": "Reforms",
            "description": "Reforms.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "reforms-finding",
                "name": "Reforms",
                "description": "Reforms.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How have second-level units been created, merged and abolished?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a former unit?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "origins",
            "name": "Origins",
            "description": "Origins.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "origins-finding",
                "name": "Origins",
                "description": "Origins.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where do the names and forms of these units come from historically?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits administrative divisions generally?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each country second-level type be a separate entry?",
    "How should national code lists be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases for historical units; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}