{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T04:35:51Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T15:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:11:18+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1242244",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.cup-q1242244",
    "name": "cup",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QTY"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1242244/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.cup-q1242244",
    "name": "cup",
    "purpose": "Let an agent convert and interpret cup measures by naming the system, and never assume one cup is the same everywhere.",
    "definition": "A unit of volume used mainly in cooking, whose size depends on the system: the US customary cup of about 236.6 ml, the US legal cup of 240 ml, the metric cup of 250 ml, and others.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Measuring ingredients by volume in recipes.",
    "affordances": [
      "measure ingredients, with a measuring cup",
      "convert it to millilitres, once the system is known",
      "convert it to mass, only with the density of the ingredient",
      "scale a recipe"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "A volume unit, not a mass unit",
      "Varies by country and use, so the system must be stated",
      "Not part of the SI",
      "Different from the drinking cup, the object"
    ],
    "appearance": "A graduated measuring cup or a set of nested cups marked 1, 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Measuring cups marked with fractions of a cup",
      "Recipe text using \"cup\" or \"c.\"",
      "The drinking cup is not a measure; this entry is the unit"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "US customary cup",
        "typical_range": "236.588",
        "unit": "ml",
        "note": "half a US liquid pint"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "US legal cup",
        "typical_range": "240",
        "unit": "ml",
        "note": "used for nutrition labelling"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "metric cup",
        "typical_range": "250",
        "unit": "ml",
        "note": "Australia, Canada, New Zealand and others"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Japanese cup",
        "typical_range": "200",
        "unit": "ml",
        "note": "rice cup is about 180 ml"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "US customary cup",
      "US legal cup",
      "metric cup",
      "imperial cup",
      "Japanese cup and rice cup"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "unit of volume",
        "why": "converts to the SI litre"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "cup as a vessel",
        "why": "a homonym; the vessel is an object"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is converted with",
        "target": "density",
        "why": "mass equivalents depend on the ingredient"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "recipe",
        "why": "the main context"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "UCUM unit code",
        "value_or_pattern": "[cup_us], [cup_m]",
        "note": "Unified Code for Units of Measure"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "US FDA nutrition labelling rules defining the 240 ml cup",
      "NIST Handbook 44 for US customary units",
      "UCUM for coded units"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Using the wrong cup size, which changes a recipe by several percent",
      "Converting cups to grams without the ingredient density",
      "Dosing medicine with kitchen cups instead of calibrated measures"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Convert cup measures once the cup system is known.",
        "Scale recipes and state the cup system used."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Assume one cup size when the recipe's system is unknown.",
        "Convert cups to mass without the ingredient's density.",
        "Advise measuring medicine with kitchen cups."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Converting measures for medical or infant feeding."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Measurement errors in food can harm people with medical diets or allergies."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Cooks and bakers",
        "People on medical diets"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns it; national standards bodies define customary and metric units.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1242244: cup",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242244",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Cup (unit)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup_%28unit%29",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "system-and-size",
        "name": "System and size",
        "description": "Which cup is meant.",
        "rationale": "The cup is several units sharing a name; the system decides the size.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "system",
            "name": "System",
            "description": "US, metric, imperial or Japanese.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "system-finding",
                "name": "Cup system",
                "description": "The system assumed by the source.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which cup system does this source use?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What evidence in the source indicates it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "size",
            "name": "Size",
            "description": "Exact volume.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "size-finding",
                "name": "Exact volume",
                "description": "The volume in millilitres.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the exact volume of this cup in millilitres?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What rounding is acceptable for this use?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "conversion",
        "name": "Conversion",
        "description": "To other units.",
        "rationale": "Conversions are where errors happen.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "volume",
            "name": "Volume conversion",
            "description": "To millilitres and spoons.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "volume-finding",
                "name": "Volume factors",
                "description": "Factors to other volume units.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How many millilitres, tablespoons or teaspoons is this?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Are the spoons in the same system?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "mass",
            "name": "Mass conversion",
            "description": "To grams by ingredient.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "mass-finding",
                "name": "Density used",
                "description": "The ingredient density used.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What density was used to convert to grams?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How much does packing or sifting change it?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "measuring-practice",
        "name": "Measuring practice",
        "description": "How people measure.",
        "rationale": "Technique changes the amount measured by volume.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "technique",
            "name": "Technique",
            "description": "Levelling, packing and spooning.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "technique-finding",
                "name": "Technique used",
                "description": "How the cup is filled.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How should the cup be filled for this ingredient?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How much variation does technique introduce?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "tools",
            "name": "Tools",
            "description": "Measuring cups and jugs.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "tools-finding",
                "name": "Tool calibration",
                "description": "The measuring tool and its markings.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which measuring tool is used, and in which system is it marked?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How accurate is it?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "safety-and-labelling",
        "name": "Safety and labelling",
        "description": "Where accuracy matters.",
        "rationale": "Outside cooking, cup measures can be dangerous.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "labelling",
            "name": "Nutrition labelling",
            "description": "Serving sizes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "labelling-finding",
                "name": "Labelling rule",
                "description": "The legal cup used on labels.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which cup definition applies to this label?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does it compare with the household cup?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "medicine",
            "name": "Medicine",
            "description": "Why not to use cups for doses.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "medicine-finding",
                "name": "Dosing guidance",
                "description": "Guidance against household measures for medicine.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is a cup measure being used for a medicine dose?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What should be used instead?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each cup system be a separate unit entry?",
    "How should recipes record which cup they assume?",
    "Should the registry hold density tables for common ingredients?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}