{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T10:49:39Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:29:08+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q12483",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.statistics",
    "name": "statistics",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.KNW"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12483/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.statistics",
    "name": "statistics",
    "purpose": "Let an agent handle statistics by method, data source, interpretation and communication, citing official statistics and avoiding misuse.",
    "definition": "The discipline concerned with collecting, analysing, interpreting and presenting data, including descriptive and inferential statistics, probability models and official statistics produced by national agencies.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Evidence-based decisions in science, government and business.",
    "affordances": [
      "find official statistics",
      "choose appropriate methods",
      "interpret uncertainty and significance",
      "spot misleading statistics"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Studies data and uncertainty",
      "Descriptive and inferential",
      "Official statistics are regulated",
      "Easily misused"
    ],
    "appearance": "Tables, charts, models and reports.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Means, medians, confidence intervals",
      "Official statistics releases",
      "A single statistic is one number, not the discipline"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "descriptive statistics",
      "inferential statistics",
      "Bayesian statistics",
      "official statistics",
      "applied fields such as forensic statistics"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "formal science",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "uses",
        "target": "probability",
        "why": "foundation"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is produced by",
        "target": "national statistics office",
        "why": "official source"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "cognitive bias",
        "why": "misinterpretation"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics",
      "European Statistics Code of Practice",
      "ISO 3534 vocabulary"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Misleading charts",
      "P-hacking and misuse of p-values",
      "Confusing correlation and causation"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Analyse data the user is entitled to use, stating methods, assumptions and uncertainty.",
        "Check statistical claims against their sources."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Report results selectively or tune analyses until they look significant.",
        "Present correlation as causation without evidence.",
        "Re-identify individuals from anonymised statistical data.",
        "Fabricate or alter data."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing official or research statistics.",
        "Using statistical models to decide about individuals."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Statistics shape policy; errors and manipulation mislead the public.",
        "Data about groups can stigmatise them or expose individuals."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "People in the data",
        "The public",
        "Decision makers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the discipline; statistical offices answer for official statistics.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Official statistics databases"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q12483: statistics",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Statistics",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "data",
        "name": "Data",
        "description": "Sources.",
        "rationale": "Sources determine quality.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "source",
            "name": "Source",
            "description": "Official data.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "source-finding",
                "name": "Source",
                "description": "Data source.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which official or peer-reviewed source provides this statistic?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "For which period and population?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "quality",
            "name": "Quality",
            "description": "Methods.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "quality-finding",
                "name": "Quality",
                "description": "Data quality.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How was the data collected and how large is the sample?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are the known limitations?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "analysis",
        "name": "Analysis",
        "description": "Methods.",
        "rationale": "Methods must fit.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "method",
            "name": "Method",
            "description": "Choice.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "method-finding",
                "name": "Method",
                "description": "Method choice.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which statistical method suits this question and data?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What assumptions does it make?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "uncertainty",
            "name": "Uncertainty",
            "description": "Intervals.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "uncertainty-finding",
                "name": "Uncertainty",
                "description": "Uncertainty.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the margin of error or confidence interval?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the result statistically and practically significant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "interpretation",
        "name": "Interpretation",
        "description": "Meaning.",
        "rationale": "Interpretation needs care.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "causation",
            "name": "Causation",
            "description": "Correlation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "causation-finding",
                "name": "Causation",
                "description": "Correlation and causation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Does the evidence support causation or only correlation?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What design would test causation?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "misleading",
            "name": "Misleading",
            "description": "Red flags.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "misleading-finding",
                "name": "Misleading",
                "description": "Misleading statistics.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is the chart or claim misleading, for example by truncated axes?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How can it be presented fairly?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learning",
        "name": "Learning",
        "description": "Skills.",
        "rationale": "Statistical literacy helps.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "literacy",
            "name": "Literacy",
            "description": "Understanding.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "literacy-finding",
                "name": "Literacy",
                "description": "Statistical literacy.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can this statistic be explained in plain language?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Would natural frequencies help?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "tools",
            "name": "Tools",
            "description": "Software.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "tools-finding",
                "name": "Tools",
                "description": "Tools.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which software can perform this analysis?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is it reproducible?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should statistical methods be separate entries?",
    "How should official statistics be linked?",
    "How should uncertainty be communicated?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}