{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T15:32:53Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T18:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:28:27+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q125264",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.amount-of-substance-fraction",
    "name": "amount-of-substance fraction",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.REL"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q125264/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.amount-of-substance-fraction",
    "name": "amount-of-substance fraction",
    "purpose": "Let an agent compute and convert amount-of-substance fractions, relate them to mass fractions and concentrations, and apply them in chemistry and atmospheric measurements.",
    "definition": "The ratio of the amount of substance of a component to the total amount of substance in a mixture, also called mole fraction, a dimensionless quantity between 0 and 1 often expressed as a percentage or in parts per million, used in chemistry, atmospheric science and isotope abundance.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Expressing composition of mixtures.",
    "affordances": [
      "compute mole fractions from amounts or masses",
      "convert between mole, mass and volume fractions",
      "apply in gas mixtures and solutions",
      "express isotope abundance"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Dimensionless ratio",
      "Based on amount of substance",
      "Sums to 1 across components",
      "Independent of temperature"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; a dimensionless number.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Symbol x for liquids and y for gases",
      "Values from 0 to 1 or in ppm",
      "Mass fraction uses masses instead"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "mole fraction in liquids",
      "mole fraction in gases",
      "isotope abundance fractions",
      "trace fractions in ppm and ppb"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "ratio of two quantities of the same kind",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "abundance",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "fineness",
        "why": "a mass fraction"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "mass number",
        "why": "isotope context"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "ISO 80000-9 quantities in chemistry",
      "IUPAC Green Book"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing mole and mass fractions",
      "Ppm ambiguity between mole and mass basis",
      "Rounding so fractions do not sum to one"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Compute and report mole fractions with stated components and units.",
        "Convert between mole fraction, mass fraction and parts per million with stated assumptions."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Confuse mole fraction with mass or volume fraction in safety-relevant output.",
        "Report gas concentrations in units that hide exceedances of safety limits.",
        "Invent composition data for a mixture."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Declaring an atmosphere or mixture safe from concentration figures."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Concentration figures decide whether air and products are safe.",
        "Misreported greenhouse gas fractions mislead public debate."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Workers in enclosed spaces",
        "The public",
        "Students and researchers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the quantity; international metrology bodies define it.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "compute",
        "name": "Compute",
        "description": "Calculation.",
        "rationale": "From amounts or masses.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "from",
            "name": "From",
            "description": "From amounts.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "from-finding",
                "name": "From",
                "description": "From amounts.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the mole fraction of each component given amounts or masses and molar masses?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Do the fractions sum to one?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "convert",
            "name": "Convert",
            "description": "To other measures.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "convert-finding",
                "name": "Convert",
                "description": "Conversion.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does this mole fraction convert to mass fraction, molality or molar concentration?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which extra data are needed?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "apply",
        "name": "Apply",
        "description": "Applications.",
        "rationale": "Used widely.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "gases",
            "name": "Gases",
            "description": "Gas mixtures.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "gases-finding",
                "name": "Gases",
                "description": "Gas mixtures.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does mole fraction relate to partial pressure in a gas mixture?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air, according to current measurements?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "solutions",
            "name": "Solutions",
            "description": "Colligative properties.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "solutions-finding",
                "name": "Solutions",
                "description": "Solutions.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does mole fraction enter Raoult law and colligative properties?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "When is it preferred over molarity?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "units",
        "name": "Units",
        "description": "Expression.",
        "rationale": "Conventions matter.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "ppm",
            "name": "Ppm",
            "description": "Parts per million.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "ppm-finding",
                "name": "Ppm",
                "description": "Parts per million.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is this ppm value on a mole or mass basis?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How is it stated unambiguously?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "notation",
            "name": "Notation",
            "description": "Symbols.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "notation-finding",
                "name": "Notation",
                "description": "Notation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which symbols and names does IUPAC recommend?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is amount fraction or mole fraction preferred?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "isotopes",
        "name": "Isotopes",
        "description": "Abundance.",
        "rationale": "Isotope fractions.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "abundance",
            "name": "Abundance",
            "description": "Isotopic abundance.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "abundance-finding",
                "name": "Abundance",
                "description": "Isotopic abundance.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the amount fraction of this isotope in natural samples?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does it vary between sources?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which worked examples clarify mole fraction?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which errors are common?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should mass fraction be a separate entry?",
    "How should composition data be linked?",
    "How should ppm conventions be recorded?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}