{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T03:49:29Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T00:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:55:37+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q12748",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.fossil-fuel",
    "name": "fossil fuel",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.MAT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12748/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.fossil-fuel",
    "name": "fossil fuel",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain fossil fuels and their types, formation and extraction, describe their role in energy and emissions with reference to assessments, present transition and policy debates with attribution, and support learning.",
    "definition": "A fuel formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years, comprising coal, petroleum and natural gas together with natural gas liquids and condensate and unconventional sources such as shale gas and oil sands, extracted from geological deposits and burned for energy or used as chemical feedstock; fossil fuels supply most of world energy, are the main source of greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change, and are subject to debates and policies on transition, peak production and security.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Fuels from ancient organic remains.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain types and formation",
      "describe energy role and emissions",
      "present debates with attribution",
      "support learning"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Geological origin",
      "Carbon-based",
      "Dominant energy source",
      "Emissions driver"
    ],
    "appearance": "Coal, crude oil and natural gas.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Formed from ancient organic remains",
      "Coal, oil, gas",
      "Biofuels come from recent biomass; nuclear fuel is not fossil"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Mass density",
        "unit": "kilograms per cubic metre",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Density is measured for the specified fuel at stated temperature and pressure, with bulk or material density distinguished for solids."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Specific heating value",
        "unit": "megajoules per kilogram",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Heating value is determined by calorimetry or composition, with gross or net value and moisture basis stated."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Moisture mass fraction",
        "unit": "percent by mass",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Water content is measured using a method appropriate to the fuel and reported on a stated sample basis."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "coal",
      "petroleum and natural gas liquids",
      "natural gas and condensate",
      "unconventional fossil fuels such as shale gas and oil sands",
      "fossil fuel by-products and feedstocks"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "energy source",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "mineral resource",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "global warming",
        "why": "emissions from combustion"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "aromatic hydrocarbon",
        "why": "compounds derived from fossil fuels"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Energy and mining regulation",
      "Emissions and climate policy",
      "Fuel quality standards"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Climate and air pollution impacts",
      "Extraction accidents and spills",
      "Partisan presentation of energy debates"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Report fossil fuel production, use and emissions data with source and year.",
        "Explain the different fuels and their environmental impacts."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Misrepresent climate science or emissions data in either direction.",
        "Present partisan energy policy positions as fact.",
        "Give storage or handling advice for fuels that ignores fire and explosion risks.",
        "Hide spills or leaks it observes on systems it monitors."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Operating fuel storage, pipelines or burners.",
        "Energy policy or investment decisions."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Fossil fuels power lives but drive climate change and air pollution.",
        "Extraction and transition costs fall unevenly on workers and communities."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Communities near extraction",
        "Workers",
        "Future generations"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The holder of extraction or supply rights; energy regulators oversee them.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q12748: fossil fuel",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Fossil fuel",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What fossil fuels are.",
        "rationale": "Science.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "formation",
            "name": "Formation",
            "description": "Formation and types.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "formation-finding",
                "name": "Formation",
                "description": "Formation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did coal, oil and gas form, and how do conventional and unconventional fossil fuels differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which fuel is meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "extraction",
            "name": "Extraction",
            "description": "Extraction and processing.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "extraction-finding",
                "name": "Extraction",
                "description": "Extraction.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are fossil fuels extracted, refined and transported?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific extraction method?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "energy",
        "name": "Energy",
        "description": "Role in energy.",
        "rationale": "Data.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "use",
            "name": "Use",
            "description": "Energy use.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "use-finding",
                "name": "Use",
                "description": "Use.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What share of world energy comes from fossil fuels, and how is it changing, according to energy agencies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the data current?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "reserves",
            "name": "Reserves",
            "description": "Reserves and peak production.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "reserves-finding",
                "name": "Reserves",
                "description": "Reserves.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are reserves estimated, and what do analysts say about peak oil and peak gas, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which findings are contested?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "impact",
        "name": "Impact",
        "description": "Impacts and transition.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "climate",
            "name": "Climate",
            "description": "Emissions and climate.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "climate-finding",
                "name": "Climate",
                "description": "Climate.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do fossil fuel emissions drive climate change and air pollution, according to scientific assessments?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits climate change?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "transition",
            "name": "Transition",
            "description": "Energy transition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "transition-finding",
                "name": "Transition",
                "description": "Transition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What policies and debates surround phasing down fossil fuels, energy security and just transition, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "History and teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did fossil fuels power industrialisation and shape geopolitics?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can fossil fuels and energy transition be taught?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each fuel be a separate entry?",
    "How should energy statistics be linked?",
    "How should climate assessments be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}