{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:47:41Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00998716, "turns": 1, "seconds": 170.8, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 83.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c1b-226b-7242-a4a9-85a85fea1f88\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Lagenaria siceraria\nRegistry id: vr.tr.lagenaria-siceraria\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this " } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:05:05+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners", "visual_identification" ] }, "revisions": [ { "at": "2026-10-07T11:06:39+00:00", "engine": "codex", "fields": [ "agent_conduct" ], "answering_review": "333446c7a3c34b34cc90d0fc6fd06242461b37ded5e2e0ee91b2c950775794aa" } ], "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:28+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1277255", "registryId": "vr.tr.lagenaria-siceraria", "name": "Lagenaria siceraria", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1277255/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.lagenaria-siceraria", "name": "Lagenaria siceraria", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Lagenaria siceraria specimens, assess their growth or harvested condition, and decide whether cultivation, propagation, harvest or material use is justified.", "definition": "Lagenaria siceraria is a monoecious, night-blooming annual cucurbit vine whose immature fruit is eaten as a vegetable and whose mature fruit dries to a hard, waterproof lignified rind long used as containers, utensils and resonators; it was domesticated from an African wild progenitor and is among the earliest plant remains in both Old World and pre-Columbian American assemblages.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identification, biological state and use-relevant properties of physical Lagenaria siceraria plants and traceable plant parts under vr.tr.lagenaria-siceraria, within PHY / PHY.OBJ.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of living plants, detached fruits and seeds, including uncertainty", "Cultivar or accession provenance without splitting the registered species", "Vine development, flowering, fruit set and observable stress", "Fruit maturity and suitability for a declared harvest purpose", "Seed viability and unworked shell condition" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Taxonomic nomenclature governance and species-wide evolutionary history", "Farm planning, irrigation infrastructure and cultivation schedules", "Pollinator, pest and pathogen models beyond their observed effects on this plant", "Recipes, processed foods, clinical treatment and medicinal efficacy", "Finished gourd vessels, instruments and other manufactured artifacts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "For a living specimen labelled calabash, check for an herbaceous climbing or trailing plant with tendrils; the common name alone cannot resolve identity. [Kew botanical description](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:134809-2/general-information).", "Check white flowers and solitary male flowers together; colour alone is insufficient for identification. [Kew botanical description](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:134809-2/general-information).", "Compare a male flower's short, funnel-shaped receptacle tube with the longer cylindrical tube and usually clustered male flowers described for Lagenaria breviflora. [L. siceraria](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:134809-2/general-information), [L. breviflora](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A293036-1/general-information).", "Use compressed, oblong seeds with facial ridges as corroboration where present; cultivated variation means neither this feature nor bottle-shaped fruit is a universal identification requirement. [Kew botanical description](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:134809-2/general-information)." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Observed biological unit", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "whole plant | attached fruit | detached fruit | seed | seed lot | unworked shell", "why_it_matters": "Determines which identification evidence, state observations and actions apply." }, { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unresolved | provisional | corroborated; record evidence and assessor", "why_it_matters": "Prevents common names or fruit silhouette from authorising species-dependent actions." }, { "name": "Accession and parentage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "links to source lot, parent plant and documented cultivar or accession", "why_it_matters": "Connects detached material to identification evidence and expected traits." }, { "name": "Vine developmental stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "seedling | vegetative | flowering | fruiting | senescent | dead; stages may overlap", "why_it_matters": "Frames whether missing flowers, fruit development or declining foliage needs investigation." }, { "name": "Flower availability", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "open male and female flower counts per plant, with observation time", "why_it_matters": "Supports investigation of pollination opportunities and failed fruit set." }, { "name": "Fruit geometry and load", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "length and maximum diameter in cm; mass in g; shape description", "why_it_matters": "Supports tracking growth, assessing support needs and selecting material for a declared use." }, { "name": "Fruit maturity evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observations of rind firmness, flesh condition, seed development and drying", "why_it_matters": "Keeps vegetable harvest, seed harvest and shell preparation decisions distinct." }, { "name": "Observed injury or deterioration", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "organ, symptom, extent, observation date and change over time", "why_it_matters": "Separates recorded damage from an unconfirmed pest, pathogen or environmental diagnosis." }, { "name": "Reported bitterness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "reported present | reported absent | unknown; include reporter and affected material", "why_it_matters": "Reported bitterness requires withholding food use; absence of a report does not establish safety. Bitter bottle-gourd consumption has caused poisoning. [Clinical case series](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21986853/)." }, { "name": "Seed germination result", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "germinated seeds / tested seeds, percentage, test conditions and duration", "why_it_matters": "Provides evidence of propagation potential without equating seed appearance with viability." }, { "name": "Shell drying and integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "drying history, repeated mass observations, cracks, soft areas and visible growth", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions about further drying or transfer to a material or artifact model." } ], "affordances": [ "Document diagnostic organs and seek botanical verification when identification remains provisional.", "Monitor vine growth, flower availability and fruit retention to decide whether cultivation support needs adjustment.", "Assign individual fruits to vegetable, seed or shell purposes and assess readiness against purpose-specific evidence.", "Withhold suspect fruits from food use and retain their provenance for investigation.", "Extract traceable seeds and test germination before propagation.", "Dry and inspect mature shells before transferring them to a material-processing or artifact workflow." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Identify the plant and report its uses as food and as dried gourd containers.", "Warn that potentially toxic bottle-gourd fruit or juice is unsafe to consume." ], "must_not": [ "Present bottle gourd juice as a proven cure for disease.", "Sell bitter fruit as safe for food.", "Misrepresent a gourd craft object's origin or age.", "Recommend tasting potentially toxic fruit or juice to assess its safety." ], "requires_human": [ "Selling or exporting cultural gourd objects requires human involvement." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Bitter gourd juice has caused serious illness, so honest warnings matter.", "Gourd instruments and vessels carry cultural meaning in many communities." ], "affected_parties": [ "People who eat or drink it", "Craft communities" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The grower or keeper; food authorities regulate sale.", "master_systems": [ "Plant name and germplasm databases" ] }, "visual_identification": [ "A climbing vine with large soft leaves and white night-opening flowers.", "Pale green fruit, bottle-shaped, round or long.", "Dried fruit with a hard, light, woody shell." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Poisoning from very bitter fruit or juice.", "Mould on stored dried gourds." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Lagenaria siceraria is cultivated in gardens and agricultural plots for immature edible fruits and mature hard shells.", "Dried mature fruits are used as containers, utensils, decorative objects and musical instrument resonators.", "Living plants and preserved remains are also studied in botany, crop research and archaeology." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, adopted by the International Botanical Congress, governs the scientific naming of this species." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "powo-lagenaria-siceraria", "title": "Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.", "url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:292844-1", "what_it_supports": "Accepted scientific name, authorship, family placement and native/cultivated range as treated by Kew.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "kistler-2014-pnas", "title": "Transoceanic drift and the domestication of African bottle gourds in the Americas", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1318678111", "what_it_supports": "African origin of the cultigen, oceanic-drift explanation for early Holocene American remains, and distinction from later Asian landraces.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "erickson-2005-pnas", "title": "An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0508105102", "what_it_supports": "Archaeological presence of bottle gourd in the Americas by the early Holocene and the older (now contested) Asian-introduction hypothesis.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "heiser-1979-gourd-book", "title": "The Gourd Book", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Ethnobotany of hard-shelled Lagenaria: container, ladle, float and instrument uses, and how growers sort fruit shapes." }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q1277255: Lagenaria siceraria", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277255", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Calabash", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabash", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "bottle-gourd-identity", "name": "Bottle-gourd identity", "description": "Establish whether the observed plant or detached material belongs to the registered species.", "rationale": "Common names and highly variable fruit shapes leave identification uncertain unless diagnostic observations and provenance are retained.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnostic-organs", "name": "Diagnostic organs", "description": "Record the organs available for checking the species attribution.", "findings": [ { "id": "combined-identification-evidence", "name": "Combined identification evidence", "description": "An identification assessment should state which vegetative, floral and seed observations support it and which alternatives remain.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations of tendrils, leaves, male flowers and seeds support Lagenaria siceraria?", "kind": "definition", "id": "combined-identification-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which alternative identification remains plausible when flowers or parent-plant evidence are missing?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "combined-identification-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "accession-continuity", "name": "Accession continuity", "description": "Connect the specimen and its parts to their source without treating cultivar labels as separate registry things.", "findings": [ { "id": "parent-and-source-link", "name": "Parent and source link", "description": "Detached fruits and seeds need explicit links to their source plant or lot, with labels distinguished from verified identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which parent plant, seed supplier or accession record supports this material's identity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "parent-and-source-link-q01" }, { "text": "Is the cultivar name documented, locally assigned or inferred from fruit shape?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "parent-and-source-link-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "vine-growth-and-condition", "name": "Vine growth and condition", "description": "Assess the living vine's development, physical support and visible decline.", "rationale": "Decisions about training or intervention depend on where the vine is growing and how its leaves, stems and attached fruits are changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "vine-and-fruit-support", "name": "Vine and fruit support", "description": "Record trailing or climbing growth and the physical disposition of attached fruits.", "findings": [ { "id": "attachment-and-load", "name": "Attachment and load", "description": "Support decisions should use observed attachment, fruit load and contact conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are tendrils attached, and which fruits are suspended or touching the ground?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attachment-and-load-q01" }, { "text": "Does observed strain, constriction or abrasion justify adjusting vine or fruit support?", "kind": "action", "id": "attachment-and-load-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "organ-condition", "name": "Organ condition", "description": "Track foliage, stem and fruit symptoms against developmental stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "decline-with-evidence", "name": "Decline with evidence", "description": "Record symptoms and their progression before assigning causes or selecting treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaves, stems or fruits show wilting, discoloration, lesions or damage, and how has the affected area changed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "decline-with-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes seasonal senescence from a stress or disease requiring investigation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "decline-with-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-and-seed-continuity", "name": "Flowering and seed continuity", "description": "Connect flower observations, fruit retention and seed performance.", "rationale": "The presence of flowers does not establish successful fruit set, known parentage or viable seed.", "layers": [ { "id": "flower-to-fruit", "name": "Flower to fruit", "description": "Follow observed flowers through pollination opportunities and subsequent fruit development.", "findings": [ { "id": "fruit-set-evidence", "name": "Fruit-set evidence", "description": "Keep flower availability, observed pollination and later fruit growth as separate observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "When were male and female flowers open, and what pollinator visits or hand-pollination events were observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fruit-set-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which tagged female flowers produced retained, enlarging fruits rather than aborted ovaries?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fruit-set-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "seed-performance", "name": "Seed performance", "description": "Assess whether harvested seeds have usable provenance and demonstrated germination.", "findings": [ { "id": "propagation-readiness", "name": "Propagation readiness", "description": "Propagation decisions require seed-source records and an explicit account of what testing establishes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which fruit supplied the seeds, and was its pollen parent controlled, observed or unknown?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "propagation-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "What fraction germinated under the recorded test conditions, and is that evidence sufficient for the intended sowing?", "kind": "action", "id": "propagation-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fruit-maturity-and-food-decision", "name": "Fruit maturity and food decision", "description": "Assess harvest purpose, developmental condition and reasons to withhold food use.", "rationale": "A fruit's identification and dimensions do not establish its harvest readiness or food suitability.", "layers": [ { "id": "purpose-specific-maturity", "name": "Purpose-specific maturity", "description": "Judge readiness against the intended vegetable, seed or shell use.", "findings": [ { "id": "harvest-purpose-fit", "name": "Harvest-purpose fit", "description": "Maturity should be supported by observed fruit properties and a cultivar-appropriate criterion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this fruit intended for vegetable use, seed recovery or shell preparation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "harvest-purpose-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations of rind, flesh, seeds and development support harvesting it for that purpose now?", "kind": "action", "id": "harvest-purpose-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "food-use-exclusion", "name": "Food-use exclusion", "description": "Record adverse observations and unresolved evidence relevant to food use.", "findings": [ { "id": "suspect-fruit-disposition", "name": "Suspect fruit disposition", "description": "Keep reported bitterness, deterioration and uncertain history visible in the disposition decision; do not request tasting as an identification test.", "questions": [ { "text": "Has bitterness already been reported, or is there evidence of decay, contamination or an unknown treatment history?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "suspect-fruit-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "Should this fruit and related material be withheld from food use pending assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "suspect-fruit-disposition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "harvested-gourd-and-shell", "name": "Harvested gourd and shell", "description": "Follow detached fruits through storage or drying to an explicit material handoff.", "rationale": "Harvest ends attachment to the vine but leaves changing biological condition and shell suitability to assess.", "layers": [ { "id": "postharvest-condition", "name": "Postharvest condition", "description": "Retain harvest history and observe changes during storage or drying.", "findings": [ { "id": "drying-versus-deterioration", "name": "Drying versus deterioration", "description": "Use a sequence of observations to assess progress and detect damage without assuming that an externally dry fruit is sound internally.", "questions": [ { "text": "When was the fruit harvested, at what recorded maturity, and under what conditions has it been stored?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "drying-versus-deterioration-q01" }, { "text": "How have mass, firmness, visible growth and soft areas changed during drying?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "drying-versus-deterioration-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "shell-handoff", "name": "Shell handoff", "description": "Assess unworked shell properties and define the boundary with a manufactured artifact.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-readiness", "name": "Material readiness", "description": "Transfer to a craft or manufacturing model should preserve botanical provenance and the evidence behind shell selection.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do shell dimensions, accessible wall thickness, cracks and drying evidence meet the intended workshop's criteria?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "material-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "At which processing step does the object become a vessel, instrument or other artifact requiring a neighbouring model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "material-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Long cylindrical edible types (opo, lauki, dudhi, cucuzza)", "Bottle or hourglass flask types grown for containers", "Dipper types with a long neck and bulbous bowl", "Birdhouse types with a large chamber and constricted opening", "Bushel, kettle or cannonball types with globose fruit", "Club, maranka or dolphin types, often warted", "Speckled-swan and other long-neck ornamental types", "Miniature and craft types, including Japanese hyotan forms" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Lagenaria siceraria this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "scientific name", "value_or_pattern": "Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.", "note": "Basionym Cucurbita siceraria Molina; family Cucurbitaceae." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q19728", "note": "Item for the bottle gourd / calabash vine, not the calabash tree." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "3663", "note": "taxid for Lagenaria siceraria." }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "22396" }, { "scheme": "GRIN taxon", "value_or_pattern": "21416" }, { "scheme": "IPNI", "value_or_pattern": "292844-1" }, { "scheme": "EPPO code", "value_or_pattern": "LAGSI" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Lagenaria siceraria this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "UPOV Test Guidelines for bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants - distinctness, uniformity and stability of cultivars.", "ISTA International Rules for Seed Testing, International Seed Testing Association - germination and purity of cucurbit seed lots.", "IPPC phytosanitary measures for Cucurbitaceae seed and fruit, FAO International Plant Protection Convention - movement of planting material and fruit.", "Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds (fruiting vegetables, cucurbits), Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO) - residue and commodity grouping when the immature fruit is a food.", "FSSAI consumer advisories on bitter bottle-gourd (lauki) juice, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India - toxicity of bitter fruit." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Lagenaria siceraria this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Immature fruit cooked as a summer vegetable (South Asian lauki/dudhi, Chinese hulu, Italian cucuzza, Philippine upo).", "Mature dried shells used as bottles, bowls, ladles, birdhouses, fishing floats and storage vessels.", "Resonators and rattles: West African shekere and kora body, Brazilian berimbau, Hawaiian ipu, Chinese hulusi.", "Young shoots and leaves eaten in some African and Asian cuisines; seeds pressed locally for oil.", "Craft, talisman and ornamental fruit (Japanese hyotan, American birdhouse-gourd hobby crop).", "Ayurvedic and folk use of the fruit as a cooling food; juice sold in parts of India despite bitterness risk." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Lagenaria siceraria this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "immature fruit length at culinary harvest", "typical_range": "20-80 (long types); 10-25 (round types)", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "mature dry fruit length", "typical_range": "10-200", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "fruit mass at culinary harvest", "typical_range": "0.4-2.5 (typical); up to 10 in large types", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "days from sowing to immature harvest", "typical_range": "60-90", "unit": "d" }, { "quantity": "days from sowing to dry-shell maturity", "typical_range": "120-180", "unit": "d" }, { "quantity": "vine length", "typical_range": "5-12", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "seed length", "typical_range": "10-20", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "cured shell thickness", "typical_range": "2-10", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Lagenaria siceraria this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Cucurbitacin poisoning from bitter fruit, especially juice: severe gastrointestinal illness and documented deaths.", "Powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii and related) collapsing foliage in humid or late-season plantings.", "Melon fruit fly (Zeugodacus / Bactrocera cucurbitae) and pickleworm damage to developing fruit.", "Poor fruit set where nocturnal moth pollinators are scarce unless flowers are hand-pollinated.", "Fusarium wilt and fruit rots in warm wet soils or in stored fresh fruit.", "Shells cracked by too-fast drying; food or water stored in uncured or poorly cleaned vessels can grow biofilms.", "Heat and water stress increasing bitterness even in normally edible landraces." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Lagenaria siceraria this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "South Asia treats it primarily as a vegetable (lauki, dudhi, ghiya); bitterness is a known food-safety issue.", "West and Central Africa emphasize the dry shell as bowl, ladle, beer vessel and instrument body (calabash).", "China and Japan keep dual food and craft lineages (hulu / hyotan), including musical hulusi and talisman gourds.", "Mediterranean and Italian practice centres on long edible cucuzza rather than hard-shell types.", "Pre-Columbian Americas used it mainly as a container crop; English calabash is also applied to the unrelated tree Crescentia cujete." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Lagenaria siceraria this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Crescentia cujete (calabash tree)", "difference": "Woody cauliflorous tree, not a vine; fruit borne on trunk and branches. L. siceraria is an herbaceous cucurbit with tendrils and white night flowers." }, { "name": "Cucurbita pepo (ornamental and summer squashes)", "difference": "Yellow day-opening flowers and typically bristly stems; Lagenaria has white night-opening flowers, softer velvety foliage, and a lignified waterproof rind when fully ripe." }, { "name": "Trichosanthes cucumerina (snake gourd)", "difference": "Long fruit can look similar, but snake gourd has a fringed white corolla and different leaf dissection; Lagenaria flowers are unfringed." }, { "name": "Benincasa hispida (wax gourd)", "difference": "Mature fruit carries a waxy bloom and the plant has yellow flowers; bottle gourd fruit is not waxy-coated and flowers are white and nocturnal." }, { "name": "Lagenaria sphaerica", "difference": "Wild African species with small spherical fruit, not the large variable domesticated bottle gourd." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Lagenaria siceraria this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which diagnostic key and evidence threshold reliably distinguish detached fruits or seeds from locally encountered lookalikes?", "Which cultivar-specific observations establish readiness for vegetable harvest, viable seed recovery and durable shell production?", "Which validated food-safety assessment supports disposition when bitterness history is unknown, without relying on a taste test?", "Which locally validated observations and thresholds distinguish ordinary vine senescence from actionable water stress, pests or disease?", "Which drying and shell-integrity criteria predict suitability for particular craft uses, and where should the registry place the transition to an artifact?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }