{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T07:03:19Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T15:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:20:28+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q128234",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.case",
    "name": "case",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QTY"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q128234/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.case",
    "name": "case",
    "purpose": "Let an agent handle grammatical case by language, case inventory, forms and usage, for learning and translation.",
    "definition": "A grammatical category of nouns, pronouns and adjectives marking their function in a clause, such as nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and locative, expressed by inflection or particles.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Marking relationships between words in a sentence.",
    "affordances": [
      "identify the case of a word",
      "decline nouns",
      "learn case usage",
      "translate case meanings"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Marks grammatical function",
      "Languages have from zero to dozens of cases",
      "Expressed by inflection or adpositions",
      "Legal case or container case are other senses"
    ],
    "appearance": "Word endings, particles or word order in text.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Case endings in declension tables",
      "Case names such as genitive",
      "Deep case is a semantic role concept"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "core cases: nominative, accusative, ergative, absolutive",
      "oblique cases: genitive, dative",
      "local cases: locative, ablative, allative",
      "deep cases (semantic roles)"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "grammatical category",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is marked on",
        "target": "noun and pronoun",
        "why": "words"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is studied by",
        "target": "linguistics",
        "why": "field"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "legal case",
        "why": "another sense"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Leipzig Glossing Rules abbreviations"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Mislabelling cases across traditions",
      "Translating case literally"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Tag, analyse and generate the grammatical cases of a language correctly.",
        "Explain case systems when teaching or translating."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Apply one language's case rules to another without checking.",
        "Mark a speaker's dialect or regional usage as wrong.",
        "Present uncertain analyses of under-described languages as settled."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing language teaching material for a minority language."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Treating some speakers' grammar as incorrect can stigmatise them."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Speakers and learners of the language",
        "Translators"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns it; it belongs to the language and its speakers.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q128234: case",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128234",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Grammatical case",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "system",
        "name": "System",
        "description": "Case inventory.",
        "rationale": "Languages differ.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "language",
            "name": "Language",
            "description": "Which language.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "language-finding",
                "name": "Language",
                "description": "Language.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which language is concerned, and how many cases does it have?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is it nominative-accusative or ergative?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "names",
            "name": "Names",
            "description": "Case labels.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "names-finding",
                "name": "Names",
                "description": "Case names.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is this case called in this tradition?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What gloss abbreviation applies?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "forms",
        "name": "Forms",
        "description": "Declension.",
        "rationale": "Forms vary by class.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "declension",
            "name": "Declension",
            "description": "Endings.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "declension-finding",
                "name": "Declension",
                "description": "Declension.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the form of this word in this case?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which declension class does it belong to?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "irregular",
            "name": "Irregular",
            "description": "Exceptions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "irregular-finding",
                "name": "Irregular",
                "description": "Irregular forms.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is the form irregular?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which reference grammar confirms it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "usage",
        "name": "Usage",
        "description": "When to use.",
        "rationale": "Usage decides case.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "governance",
            "name": "Governance",
            "description": "Verbs and prepositions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "governance-finding",
                "name": "Governance",
                "description": "Case government.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which case does this verb or preposition require?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Are there exceptions?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "meaning",
            "name": "Meaning",
            "description": "Function.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "meaning-finding",
                "name": "Meaning",
                "description": "Case meaning.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What meaning does the case express here?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How would it be rendered in English?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "senses",
        "name": "Senses",
        "description": "Disambiguation.",
        "rationale": "Case has many senses.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "other",
            "name": "Other senses",
            "description": "Legal, medical, container.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "other-finding",
                "name": "Senses",
                "description": "Other senses.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is a legal, medical or container case meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "learning",
            "name": "Learning",
            "description": "Study.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "learning-finding",
                "name": "Learning",
                "description": "Learning cases.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can learners master case usage?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which resources help?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should individual cases be separate entries?",
    "How should case systems per language be linked?",
    "How should other senses be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}