{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:46:10Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.04221598, "turns": 2, "seconds": 137.7, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 99.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c53-5c0c-7930-bb7c-1de99a0de15f\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Papaver rhoeas\nRegistry id: vr.tr.papaver-rhoeas\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:09:42+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners", "standards_and_regulation", "visual_identification" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "6 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q130201", "registryId": "vr.tr.papaver-rhoeas", "name": "Papaver rhoeas", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q130201/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.papaver-rhoeas", "name": "Papaver rhoeas", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Papaver rhoeas, assess its life stage and reproductive state, and choose evidence-supported observation, cultivation, conservation or control actions.", "definition": "Papaver rhoeas L. is an annual, hispid segetal poppy (Papaveraceae, sect. Rhoeadium) of disturbed and arable ground, native from Macaronesia and Europe through the Mediterranean to the western Himalaya, recognised by spreading peduncle hairs, a hairless turbinate-to-subglobose capsule less than twice as long as broad, and latex that yields rhoeadine-type alkaloids rather than morphine.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the species-specific recognition and assessment of Papaver rhoeas under vr.tr.papaver-rhoeas in PHY / PHY.OBJ, covering individual plants, attributable plant material and local occurrences while keeping observations separate from inferred identity or population status.", "in_scope": [ "Identification from flowers, pedicel hairs, leaves and mature capsules, with explicit confidence", "Development from seedling and rosette through flowering, capsule maturation and senescence", "Plant condition and evidence of damage or reproductive failure", "Local establishment, recruitment and seed-release observations", "Decisions to retain, cultivate, collect, monitor or control identified plants" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other Papaver species and unresolved interspecific hybrids", "Whole-field crop management and ecosystem condition", "Soil properties and weather systems beyond their relationship to an occurrence", "Food, medicinal preparations and extracted chemical products", "Remembrance symbols, artworks and artificial poppies" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Inspect hairs immediately below the flower: spreading hairs support P. rhoeas, whereas closely appressed upper pedicel hairs support P. dubium; combine this with mature fruit characters. [Botanical Society of Scotland](https://botsoc.scot/2020/06/19/papaver-rhoeas-and-papaver-dubium/)", "Measure a mature capsule: the relatively broad capsule of P. rhoeas contrasts with the elongated capsule of P. dubium; record dimensions rather than relying on an immature fruit silhouette. [PlantNET identification key](https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?lvl=gn&name=Papaver&page=nswfl)", "Inspect capsule surfaces under magnification: a hairless capsule supports P. rhoeas over the bristly capsules of P. argemone and P. hybridum. [PlantNET identification key](https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?lvl=gn&name=Papaver&page=nswfl)", "Check stem-leaf attachment: shortly stalked leaves support P. rhoeas over the stem-clasping leaves used to identify P. somniferum in the regional key. [PlantNET identification key](https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?lvl=gn&name=Papaver&page=nswfl)", "Treat red petals and dark basal blotches as supporting observations, not decisive tests: P. rhoeas can have pink or white petals and variable blotches. [Flora of New Zealand](https://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/taxon/Papaver-rhoeas.html)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unresolved Papaver; provisional P. rhoeas; confirmed against a named regional key; conflicting characters", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether species-specific decisions are justified." }, { "name": "Upper pedicel hair orientation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "spreading; appressed; mixed; not observable", "why_it_matters": "Provides a principal comparison with P. dubium." }, { "name": "Mature capsule proportions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "length and maximum width in mm; length-to-width ratio", "why_it_matters": "Makes fruit-shape comparisons reproducible." }, { "name": "Capsule surface", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "hairless; bristly; otherwise hairy; obscured", "why_it_matters": "Separates important red-flowered Papaver alternatives." }, { "name": "Stigmatic disc", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "ray count; disc width in mm; disc-to-capsule width ratio", "why_it_matters": "Adds corroborating characters without making overlapping ray counts decisive." }, { "name": "Stem-leaf attachment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "shortly petiolate; sessile non-clasping; clasping; uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Tests alternatives including P. somniferum and flags ambiguous specimens." }, { "name": "Developmental stages present", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "seedling; rosette; elongating stem; bud; open flower; immature capsule; mature capsule; senescent; dead; combinations allowed", "why_it_matters": "A plant may carry flowers and capsules simultaneously, affecting identification and intervention timing." }, { "name": "Capsule release state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "immature; mature but closed; pores open; release observed; empty; uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes prospective seed contribution from seed already dispersed." }, { "name": "Local abundance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "plants and reproductive plants per stated survey area in m²", "why_it_matters": "Supports repeatable recruitment and management comparisons." }, { "name": "Plant condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "apparently vigorous; wilted; chlorotic; mechanically damaged; browsed; symptomatic; senescing; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates observed symptoms from unverified causal diagnoses." }, { "name": "Occurrence origin", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "linked sowing record; documented seed source; spontaneous occurrence; unresolved origin", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes deliberate planting from establishment without assuming native or introduced status." }, { "name": "Recruitment evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "linked seedling cohort, observation dates, survey area and preceding disturbance", "why_it_matters": "Tests local persistence instead of inferring it from one flowering season." } ], "affordances": [ "Document diagnostic organs and request expert determination when characters conflict.", "Revisit marked plants to resolve identification using mature capsules.", "Monitor emergence, flowering, capsule opening and subsequent recruitment.", "Retain or cultivate plants when identity, provenance and the site objective support that action.", "Collect attributable seed or voucher material when maturity, permission and the receiving collection's requirements are established.", "Plan and assess targeted control using reproductive state, local objectives and verified management evidence." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Identify the common poppy and describe its ecology, citing botanical sources.", "Describe its role as a symbol of remembrance with respect for that meaning." ], "must_not": [ "Recommend eating or preparing it as a remedy or sedative.", "Mock or misuse the remembrance poppy symbol.", "Confuse it with the opium poppy in claims about legality or effects.", "Advise spraying wild plants on land the agent does not manage." ], "requires_human": [ "Treating field margins that hold wild poppies with herbicides." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "The red poppy is a symbol of remembrance for war dead in many countries.", "Arable wild flowers have declined sharply with intensive farming." ], "affected_parties": [ "Families of war dead", "Farmers", "Pollinating insects" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody: a wild plant; the landowner manages each field.", "master_systems": [ "Plant name databases" ] }, "visual_identification": [ "Bright scarlet flowers with four papery petals, often with a dark blotch at the base.", "Hairy stems and a rounded seed capsule with a flat cap." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "The plant contains alkaloids and can be harmful to livestock and people if eaten.", "It is a weed of cereal crops where it competes with the harvest." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, International Association for Plant Taxonomy." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Papaver rhoeas occurs in arable fields, field margins, roadsides and other disturbed ground.", "It is encountered in botanical surveys, farmland vegetation management and ornamental wildflower plantings.", "Its red flowers also feature in remembrance traditions and cultural representations of agricultural landscapes." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "powo", "title": "Papaver rhoeas L.", "url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:306058-2", "what_it_supports": "Accepted name, IPNI LSID, native range, habit, floral and capsule measurements, seed-bank longevity, uses as food/medicine/poison, and Kew species-profile description.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "fna", "title": "Papaver rhoeas", "url": "https://floranorthamerica.org/Papaver_rhoeas", "what_it_supports": "North American treatment: height, petal colour including Shirley forms, stigma-ray count, capsule proportions, habitat, elevation, and introduced status.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "title": "Papaver rhoeas", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_rhoeas", "what_it_supports": "Common names, subspecies accepted by POWO, distinction from P. dubium by peduncle hairs and capsule shape, phytochemistry (rhoeadine), agricultural-weed ecology, Shirley cultivars, remembrance use, and pollen yield.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "grauso-2021", "title": "Corn poppy, Papaver rhoeas L.: a critical review of its botany, phytochemistry and pharmacology", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09676-7", "what_it_supports": "Traditional edible and medicinal uses, cosmopolitan weed status, and the Shirley/Flanders vernacular cluster.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "commons-ids", "title": "Category:Papaver rhoeas", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Papaver_rhoeas", "what_it_supports": "Crosswalk of taxonomic identifiers (Wikidata, GBIF, ITIS, NCBI, EPPO, USDA PLANTS, Tropicos, iNaturalist).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "plantnet", "title": "Papaver rhoeas L., Common poppy (World flora)", "url": "https://identify.plantnet.org/k-world-flora/species/Papaver%20rhoeas%20L./data", "what_it_supports": "Use classes (ornamental, folklore medicine, mammalian poison, seed contaminant, dye) and links to GBIF, IPNI, POWO and EPPO.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "eu-2021-2142", "title": "Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/2142 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels of opium alkaloids in certain foodstuffs", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021R2142", "what_it_supports": "Food-law maximum levels for morphine/codeine in poppy seed apply to Papaver somniferum, not to P. rhoeas.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "casado-2025", "title": "Update on Opium Alkaloids in Food: Exploring Their Occurrence, Effect of Culinary Processing and Advances in Analytical Methodologies", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12447544/", "what_it_supports": "States that P. rhoeas does not synthesise opium alkaloids, and that labelled rhoeas seed has nonetheless been found contaminated via shared processing equipment.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q130201: Papaver rhoeas", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130201", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "recognition-and-taxon-boundary", "name": "Recognition and taxon boundary", "description": "Establish whether an observed plant or attributed sample belongs to Papaver rhoeas.", "rationale": "Red flowers alone cannot resolve the neighbouring poppy species that imply different records and decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnostic-organ-combination", "name": "Diagnostic organ combination", "description": "Combine pedicel, capsule and leaf evidence from the same plant.", "findings": [ { "id": "concordant-identification", "name": "Concordant identification", "description": "Record which diagnostic characters agree, which conflict and which were unavailable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do upper pedicel hairs, mature capsule proportions, capsule surface and leaf attachment jointly support P. rhoeas?", "kind": "definition", "id": "concordant-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Were the diagnostic photographs and measurements taken from the same individual, and which regional key was applied?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "concordant-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "variation-and-unresolved-material", "name": "Variation and unresolved material", "description": "Handle unusual flowers, immature plants and detached material without forcing a species assignment.", "findings": [ { "id": "limits-of-determination", "name": "Limits of determination", "description": "Distinguish documented variation from missing evidence or a competing taxon interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can the observed colour or flower form be linked to documented P. rhoeas variation or a verified cultivated accession?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "limits-of-determination-q01" }, { "text": "Does seed-only, seedling-only or conflicting material require an unresolved Papaver record pending additional evidence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "limits-of-determination-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "annual-development-and-condition", "name": "Annual development and condition", "description": "Track the observed developmental course and condition of plants through a local growing season.", "rationale": "P. rhoeas is an annual; assessing decline requires knowing whether reproductive development is complete. [Flora of New Zealand](https://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/taxon/Papaver-rhoeas.html)", "layers": [ { "id": "stage-and-season", "name": "Stage and season", "description": "Record dated rosette, flowering and fruiting observations without imposing a universal calendar.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-developmental-trajectory", "name": "Observed developmental trajectory", "description": "Represent simultaneous stages and distinguish direct observations from inferred transitions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which stages are present on the plant, and when were emergence, first flower and first mature capsule actually observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-developmental-trajectory-q01" }, { "text": "Which local observations support the expected timing of the next stage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observed-developmental-trajectory-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "damage-and-senescence", "name": "Damage and senescence", "description": "Assess whether visible decline accompanies normal maturation or an unresolved stress.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-relative-to-reproduction", "name": "Condition relative to reproduction", "description": "Connect symptoms to affected organs and capsule development while leaving untested causes open.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaves, stems, buds or capsules are affected, and what proportion of reproductive structures remains intact?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-relative-to-reproduction-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence justify intervention, diagnostic sampling or observation through expected senescence?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-relative-to-reproduction-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-seed-and-recruitment", "name": "Flowering, seed and recruitment", "description": "Follow reproductive observations from flowers to released seed and later seedlings.", "rationale": "Flower abundance, successful seed production and future recruitment are different states with different management implications.", "layers": [ { "id": "flower-to-capsule", "name": "Flower to capsule", "description": "Separate flower visitation from demonstrated reproductive success.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-outcome", "name": "Reproductive outcome", "description": "Link observed flowers to developing capsules and any tested seed outcome.", "questions": [ { "text": "Of the flowers followed, how many produced capsules containing apparently filled seed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-outcome-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes a recorded flower visitor from an effective pollinator of these plants?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reproductive-outcome-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "release-and-next-cohort", "name": "Release and next cohort", "description": "Track capsule opening, attributable seed and subsequent emergence.", "findings": [ { "id": "seed-contribution-and-persistence", "name": "Seed contribution and persistence", "description": "Record release and recruitment evidence without treating unseen seed reserves as measured.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many capsules are closed, open or emptied, and has seed release been directly observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "seed-contribution-and-persistence-q01" }, { "text": "What seed testing or repeated emergence evidence supports viability and local persistence beyond the current plants?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "seed-contribution-and-persistence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "occurrence-and-establishment-context", "name": "Occurrence and establishment context", "description": "Locate plants within their sowing, disturbance and recruitment history.", "rationale": "A planted display, a recurring field population and an isolated spontaneous plant require different interpretations of the same species.", "layers": [ { "id": "origin-and-local-status", "name": "Origin and local status", "description": "Separate planting history from independently established regional status.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributable-occurrence", "name": "Attributable occurrence", "description": "Link the occurrence to seed provenance and an authoritative local status assessment when available.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this occurrence traceable to sowing, a seed mixture or a documented earlier population?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributable-occurrence-q01" }, { "text": "Which geographic authority and evidence support its local native, introduced, established or uncertain status?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attributable-occurrence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disturbance-and-repeated-emergence", "name": "Disturbance and repeated emergence", "description": "Relate recruitment observations to cultivation, soil exposure and competing vegetation.", "findings": [ { "id": "establishment-evidence", "name": "Establishment evidence", "description": "Compare dated cohorts and site changes without assigning a cause from co-occurrence alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "What emergence counts followed recorded soil disturbance, sowing or vegetation change within the same survey area?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "establishment-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Can repeated recruitment be distinguished from repeated sowing or incoming seed?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "establishment-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "purpose-led-intervention", "name": "Purpose-led intervention", "description": "Choose and verify actions using identification, reproductive state and the purpose of the site.", "rationale": "The same occurrence may be deliberately retained or controlled; species identity alone does not choose the action.", "layers": [ { "id": "retention-propagation-and-collection", "name": "Retention, propagation and collection", "description": "Assess whether plants or seed are suitable for a stated conservation, display or collection purpose.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-material-use", "name": "Qualified material use", "description": "Connect the intended action to reliable identity, provenance, maturity and applicable collection requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the source population or cultivated accession meet the receiving site's identity and provenance requirements?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualified-material-use-q01" }, { "text": "What maturity evidence and collection permission are needed before retaining or transferring its seed?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-material-use-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "control-and-outcome-verification", "name": "Control and outcome verification", "description": "Plan intervention around seed-release state and verify subsequent plant and recruitment outcomes.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproduction-aware-control", "name": "Reproduction-aware control", "description": "Distinguish removing current plants from reducing future recruitment, and require local evidence for treatment selection.", "questions": [ { "text": "Given capsule maturity and the site's objective, what intervention can reduce further seed contribution while meeting local constraints?", "kind": "action", "id": "reproduction-aware-control-q01" }, { "text": "What follow-up counts will test reproductive suppression and subsequent recruitment, including any suspected treatment resistance?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproduction-aware-control-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Typical field (corn) poppy: scarlet, usually with a dark basal blotch", "Unspotted scarlet morphs", "White- and pink-flowered morphs", "Shirley poppies: garden strain with pastel, often unspotted, sometimes doubled petals", "Double-flowered ornamental selections", "Papaver rhoeas subsp. rhoeas (widespread autonym)", "Papaver rhoeas subsp. polytrichum (eastern Mediterranean)", "Papaver rhoeas var. himerense (Sicilian endemic)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Papaver rhoeas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "IPNI / POWO LSID", "value_or_pattern": "urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:306058-2", "note": "Linnaean name, Sp. Pl. 1: 507 (1753); lectotype at LINN." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q130201", "note": "Species item." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxonKey", "value_or_pattern": "2888443", "note": "Occurrence backbone key." }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "18893", "note": "North American taxonomic serial number." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "33128", "note": "Sequence-database taxon ID." }, { "scheme": "EPPO code", "value_or_pattern": "PAPRH", "note": "Plant-protection reporting code." }, { "scheme": "USDA PLANTS", "value_or_pattern": "PARH2", "note": "United States plants symbol." }, { "scheme": "World Flora Online", "value_or_pattern": "wfo-0000481006", "note": "WFO taxon identifier." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Papaver rhoeas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "EPPO code PAPRH (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) for plant-protection and weed reporting.", "Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/2142, later incorporated in Regulation (EU) 2023/915 (European Commission): opium-alkaloid maximum levels in food poppy seed apply to Papaver somniferum, not to this species.", "Commission Recommendation 2014/662/EU (European Commission) on good agricultural practice to reduce opium alkaloids in poppy seed - scoped to P. somniferum production, relevant here only because rhoeas seed can be mislabelled or cross-contaminated." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Papaver rhoeas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Arable and ruderal weed of cereal fields, fallows, roadsides, railways and other disturbed soil.", "Garden annual and constituent of commercial wildflower-seed mixes; Shirley selections grown as ornamentals.", "Commonwealth remembrance emblem (Flanders poppy) worn and planted for the war dead since the First World War.", "Young plants and petals eaten in Mediterranean traditional diets; petals used as a red colourant in some wines, medicines and potpourri.", "Folk medicine: petal syrup historically given as a mild sedative or cough remedy.", "Pollen forage for insects; flowers produce abundant pollen and little nectar.", "Occasional seed contaminant of grain and of culinary poppy-seed lots." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Papaver rhoeas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Plant height", "typical_range": "to 60-80", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Flower diameter", "typical_range": "5-10 (often 7-10)", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Capsule length", "typical_range": "1-2, and less than twice as long as broad", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Stigma rays on the disc", "typical_range": "5-18 (commonly 8-12)", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "Seed-bank longevity", "typical_range": "can exceed 80", "unit": "years" }, { "quantity": "Elevation (North America, introduced)", "typical_range": "0-2000", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Pollen volume per flower (UK meadow study)", "typical_range": "13.3 ± 2.8", "unit": "µl" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Papaver rhoeas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Competitive cereal-field weed; populations crash under herbicide-based arable systems and reappear from the seed bank after soil disturbance.", "Leaves and latex are acrid and mildly poisonous to grazing mammals.", "Rhoeadine and related alkaloids have mild sedative activity; traditional children's petal syrup is not a food-grade use.", "Misidentification or shared processing with Papaver somniferum can put opium alkaloids into lots labelled as P. rhoeas seed.", "Seed contaminant of grain and of culinary poppy seed.", "Not a morphine-producing species; treating it as a controlled opium crop is a regulatory false positive." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Papaver rhoeas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Native from Macaronesia, Europe and the Mediterranean to the western Himalaya; introduced across temperate North America and other temperate continents except Antarctica.", "English agricultural names (corn poppy, field poppy) versus remembrance name Flanders poppy in the Commonwealth; French coquelicot, German Klatsch-Mohn, Spanish amapola.", "Shirley poppies are a garden selection originating in Shirley, England; wild Mediterranean and western-Asian populations remain the scarlet segetal form.", "subsp. polytrichum is an eastern-Mediterranean taxon; var. himerense is treated as endemic to Sicily.", "In North America it is an introduced escape from cultivation and a crop-field weed, not a native flora element." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Papaver rhoeas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Papaver dubium (long-headed poppy)", "difference": "Capsule more than twice as long as broad; peduncle hairs usually appressed, not spreading at right angles." }, { "name": "Papaver argemone (prickly poppy)", "difference": "Capsule bristly, not glabrous." }, { "name": "Papaver hybridum (rough poppy)", "difference": "Capsule bristly and globose; not the smooth capsule of P. rhoeas." }, { "name": "Papaver somniferum (opium poppy)", "difference": "Glaucous, usually larger, petals typically white, pink or purple; latex contains morphine and codeine, which P. rhoeas does not synthesise." }, { "name": "Papaver commutatum", "difference": "Caucasian annual sometimes synonymised with P. rhoeas; treat as a close Rhoeadium neighbour until a given flora's synonymy is followed." }, { "name": "Anemone coronaria (poppy anemone)", "difference": "Many tepals, no poricidal poppy capsule; a Mediterranean ranunculaceous lookalike of the red, dark-centred flower." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Papaver rhoeas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which regional flora and taxon treatment should govern identification, especially where P. dubium, atypical plants or cultivated forms produce conflicting characters?", "What evidence can reliably identify detached seed and early seedlings as P. rhoeas in the intended operating region?", "What local data establish emergence timing, dormancy, seed longevity and responses to disturbance without importing values from other climates?", "Which local management methods are supported by field evidence, and is resistance relevant to the particular population?", "For any proposed food, medicinal, livestock-contact or seed-transfer use, what species-specific evidence and jurisdictional requirements must the neighbouring use model establish?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }