{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T19:32:26Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T18:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:34:49+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "revisions": [
      {
        "at": "2026-10-07T11:07:43+00:00",
        "engine": "codex",
        "fields": [
          "definition"
        ],
        "answering_review": "5de7df47a0c5ab4ff153e987fc3d860ca5f2bdd5913a9aabd3bf67fa25b2bd1d"
      }
    ],
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:28+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q130402",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.boson-star",
    "name": "boson star",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.SPC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q130402/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.boson-star",
    "name": "boson star",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain the boson star hypothesis, its theoretical basis and observational tests, distinguish it from black holes and other exotic objects, and present its status with attribution.",
    "definition": "A hypothetical compact object composed of bosons in a Bose-Einstein condensate held together by gravity, with nongravitational self-interaction present in some models but not required, proposed as a possible form of dark matter or as a black hole mimicker, with no event horizon; boson stars are studied theoretically and through simulations, and their existence has not been confirmed observationally.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Theoretical astrophysics and dark matter research.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain what a boson star is",
      "compare with black holes and other exotic compact objects",
      "summarise observational constraints with attribution",
      "clarify hypothetical status"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Bosonic matter",
      "No event horizon",
      "Stabilised by quantum pressure or self-interaction",
      "Unconfirmed"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not observed; would appear as a transparent, massive, horizonless object.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Hypothetical horizonless object",
      "Made of scalar or vector bosons",
      "Neutron stars are made of ordinary matter"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Total mass",
        "unit": "kg",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Mass is calculated within a specified theoretical model and has no confirmed observational range."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Effective radius",
        "unit": "m",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Radius is defined through a stated enclosed mass fraction or field profile because models need not have a sharp surface."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Mass density",
        "unit": "kg/m^3",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Density is calculated as a spatial profile from the assumed bosonic field and gravitational model."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "mini boson stars",
      "self-interacting boson stars",
      "Proca or vector boson stars",
      "oscillatons and related solitonic objects"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "hypothetical star",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "black star",
        "why": "other black hole alternative"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is proposed as",
        "target": "dark matter candidate",
        "why": "role"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "celestial body",
        "why": "broader class"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "No regulation"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Presenting the hypothesis as established",
      "Confusing with other exotic objects"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain the boson star hypothesis, its proposed role as dark matter or black hole mimic, citing researchers.",
        "Report observational tests proposed to detect boson stars."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present boson stars as observed objects.",
        "Attribute claims or results to researchers who did not make them.",
        "Present speculative models as consensus."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing a claim that an observation supports or rules out the hypothesis."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Hypothetical objects are easily overstated in popular science; honesty about status matters.",
        "Credit for theoretical work belongs to those who proposed it."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Readers and students",
        "Researchers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the idea; the scientific community evaluates it.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q130402: boson star",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130402",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Boson star",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson_star",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "idea",
        "name": "Idea",
        "description": "The proposal.",
        "rationale": "Attribute the idea.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "physics",
            "name": "Physics",
            "description": "How it holds together.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "physics-finding",
                "name": "Physics",
                "description": "Physics.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How would bosons form a stable self-gravitating object, according to the theory?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Who proposed boson stars, and when?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "status",
            "name": "Status",
            "description": "Hypothetical.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "status-finding",
                "name": "Status",
                "description": "Status.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is the boson star an established object or a hypothesis?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How is it presented in the literature?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "compare",
        "name": "Compare",
        "description": "Versus other objects.",
        "rationale": "Differences matter.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "holes",
            "name": "Holes",
            "description": "Black holes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "holes-finding",
                "name": "Holes",
                "description": "Black holes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How would a boson star differ observationally from a black hole?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which signatures would distinguish them?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "others",
            "name": "Others",
            "description": "Other mimickers.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "others-finding",
                "name": "Others",
                "description": "Other mimickers.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do boson stars compare with black stars, gravastars and fuzzballs?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which are favoured by theorists?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "tests",
        "name": "Tests",
        "description": "Constraints.",
        "rationale": "Data constrain ideas.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "waves",
            "name": "Waves",
            "description": "Gravitational waves.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "waves-finding",
                "name": "Waves",
                "description": "Gravitational waves.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What do gravitational wave mergers say about boson stars, according to analyses?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which signals have been tested?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "darkmatter",
            "name": "Dark matter",
            "description": "Dark matter link.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "darkmatter-finding",
                "name": "Dark matter",
                "description": "Dark matter.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do boson stars relate to axion or scalar dark matter models?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What constraints apply?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Explaining.",
        "rationale": "Clarity and caution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "explain",
            "name": "Explain",
            "description": "Plain language.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "explain-finding",
                "name": "Explain",
                "description": "Plain explanation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can boson stars be explained simply while noting their status?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which caveats apply?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "resources",
            "name": "Resources",
            "description": "Reviews.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "resources-finding",
                "name": "Resources",
                "description": "Reviews.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which reviews cover boson stars?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which simulations are notable?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should exotic compact objects be a separate entry?",
    "How should simulation results be linked?",
    "How should gravitational wave tests be tracked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}