{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T23:30:49Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:45:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:44:53+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q130741",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.hallucination",
    "name": "hallucination",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.KNW"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q130741/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.hallucination",
    "name": "hallucination",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain hallucinations and their kinds in general terms, route concerning experiences to care without alarm, describe causes and treatment with attribution, and reduce stigma.",
    "definition": "A perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the qualities of real perception, in any sense, including auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory such as phantosmia and bodily or cenesthetic hallucinations, occurring in conditions such as psychosis, delirium, neurological disease, sleep transitions, sensory loss and substance use, and also in healthy people; hallucinations are assessed clinically and are distinct from illusions and from imaginary companions in children.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Perceptions without external stimulus.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain kinds and causes",
      "route concerning experiences to care",
      "describe assessment and treatment",
      "reduce stigma"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Perceptual",
      "Multi-modal",
      "Many causes",
      "Not always pathological"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not visible to others; experienced perceptions.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Perception without stimulus",
      "Any sensory modality",
      "An illusion misperceives a real stimulus; a delusion is a belief"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "auditory hallucinations",
      "visual hallucinations including lilliputian forms",
      "olfactory and gustatory hallucinations such as phantosmia",
      "tactile and cenesthetic hallucinations",
      "hallucinations at sleep onset and in sensory loss"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "psychopathological symptom",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "general symptom",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "psychosis",
        "why": "a common context"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "sleep",
        "why": "hypnagogic hallucinations"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Psychiatric and neurological clinical guidelines",
      "Mental health law on care and rights",
      "Research ethics"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Agents diagnosing or alarming users",
      "Stigmatising language",
      "Missing medical causes such as delirium"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain what hallucinations are, their kinds and common causes from reputable medical sources.",
        "Encourage a person who reports new or distressing hallucinations to seek medical or crisis help."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Diagnose a person with a psychiatric or neurological condition from their description of hallucinations.",
        "Use stigmatising words such as crazy or insane about people who hallucinate.",
        "Dismiss hallucinations as harmless when they may signal delirium, intoxication or another urgent cause.",
        "Confirm or play along with hallucinated content in a way that deepens a person's distress or danger."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Alerting emergency services or carers about a person who seems to be at risk."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Hallucinations carry heavy stigma, and careless language can deter people from seeking help.",
        "Sudden hallucinations can mark a medical emergency, so false reassurance can cost lives."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "People who experience hallucinations",
        "Their families and carers",
        "Clinicians"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the phenomenon; the treating clinician answers for a patient's care.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q130741: hallucination",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130741",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Hallucination",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucination",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "care",
        "name": "Care",
        "description": "When to seek help.",
        "rationale": "Routing.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "urgent",
            "name": "Urgent",
            "description": "Urgent situations.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "urgent-finding",
                "name": "Urgent",
                "description": "Urgent.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Are hallucinations accompanied by confusion, fever, distress, risk to self or others, or sudden onset, which need urgent medical assessment?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which crisis services apply here?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "assess",
            "name": "Assess",
            "description": "Assessment.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "assess-finding",
                "name": "Assess",
                "description": "Assessment.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are hallucinations assessed by clinicians, and which causes are considered?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the user asking for a diagnosis, which needs a clinician?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "Kinds and causes.",
        "rationale": "General information.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "kinds",
            "name": "Kinds",
            "description": "Kinds of hallucination.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "kinds-finding",
                "name": "Kinds",
                "description": "Kinds.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile and cenesthetic hallucinations differ, and what are lilliputian hallucinations and phantosmia?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How do hallucinations differ from illusions, delusions and imaginary friends in childhood?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "causes",
            "name": "Causes",
            "description": "Causes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "causes-finding",
                "name": "Causes",
                "description": "Causes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What causes hallucinations, from psychosis and delirium to neurological disease, sensory loss, sleep transitions and substances, according to research?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How common are hallucinations in healthy people?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "support",
        "name": "Support",
        "description": "Living with hallucinations.",
        "rationale": "Care.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "treatment",
            "name": "Treatment",
            "description": "Treatment approaches.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "treatment-finding",
                "name": "Treatment",
                "description": "Treatment.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which treatments and coping approaches do guidelines and organisations describe, in general terms?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which peer support such as hearing voices groups exists?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "stigma",
            "name": "Stigma",
            "description": "Language and stigma.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "stigma-finding",
                "name": "Stigma",
                "description": "Stigma.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can hallucinations be discussed without stigma, according to people with lived experience and health bodies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation respectful?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Science and culture.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "science",
            "name": "Science",
            "description": "Neuroscience of hallucination.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "science-finding",
                "name": "Science",
                "description": "Science.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What does neuroscience say about how hallucinations arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which research is current?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "culture",
            "name": "Culture",
            "description": "Hallucinations in culture.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "culture-finding",
                "name": "Culture",
                "description": "Culture.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How have hallucinations been understood across cultures and history, including religious and artistic contexts, with attribution?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each modality be a separate entry?",
    "How should crisis services be localised?",
    "How should research be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}