{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-10-22T11:44:46Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "researched by Claude against the sources listed below",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 5,
    "engine": "claude",
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-22T12:05:09+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "6 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q131559",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.shield",
    "name": "shield",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.5",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.OBJ"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q131559/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.shield",
    "name": "shield",
    "purpose": "Let an agent describe shields, their types, history and modern use, from historical and museum sources, without tactical advice.",
    "definition": "A piece of personal armour held in the hand or worn on the arm to intercept blows and projectiles, made of wood, leather, metal or modern materials; used since prehistory in warfare and today by police and riot-control units, and in heraldry and sport.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Protection against attacks.",
    "affordances": [
      "describe historical types",
      "describe materials and construction",
      "describe modern police shields and standards",
      "point to museum collections"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Historical types include the Greek aspis, the Roman scutum and clipeus, and the Aztec chimalli.",
      "Riot shields protect against impacts; ballistic shields are rated against projectiles (such as NIJ 0108.01 materials).",
      "The term 'human shield' is a figurative and legal term, not a type of armour."
    ],
    "appearance": "A flat or curved board, round, oval, rectangular or kite-shaped, with a grip or straps on the back.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Held boards with a central boss or grip; transparent riot shields"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "size",
        "typical_range": "bucklers about 30 cm in diameter to tower shields over 1 m in height",
        "unit": "",
        "note": "varies by type"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "buckler",
      "round shield (such as the aspis)",
      "scutum",
      "kite shield",
      "heater shield",
      "pavise",
      "riot shield",
      "ballistic shield",
      "ceremonial shields"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "armour",
        "why": "protective equipment"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "escutcheon",
        "why": "heraldic representation"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "shield boss",
        "why": "component"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "human shield",
        "why": "figurative and legal term"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "NIJ Standard 0108.01 ballistic resistant protective materials",
      "UK Home Office publication 47/11, Portable Ballistic Protection for UK Police (2011)"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Penetration beyond rated protection",
      "Injury when used as a weapon"
    ],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "describe history and types"
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "give tactical or violent-use advice"
      ],
      "requires_human": []
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "proportionate force in policing"
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "police",
        "protesters"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "the owner of each shield; museums hold historical examples",
      "master_systems": []
    },
    "facets_not_applicable": {},
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "SRC-001",
      "title": "Q131559",
      "publisher": "Wikidata",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131559",
      "what_it_supports": "identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-002",
      "title": "Shield",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the subject",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-003",
      "title": "Shields: Terminology and History",
      "publisher": "Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford",
      "url": "https://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/Kent/shieweap/shgenex3.html",
      "what_it_supports": "Shield types, grips, straps, bosses and pavises.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-004",
      "title": "Shield, museum number 1862,1113.1",
      "publisher": "British Museum",
      "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1862-1113-1",
      "what_it_supports": "Prehistoric shields, bronze construction, handles and measured dimensions.",
      "url_status": "blocked"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-005",
      "title": "Chimalxopilli",
      "publisher": "Getty Research Institute",
      "url": "https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=nanny&logic=OR&note=&subjectid=300445549",
      "what_it_supports": "Chimalli designs in Postclassic central Mexico.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-006",
      "title": "Ballistic Resistant Protective Materials - NIJ Standard 0108.01",
      "publisher": "National Institute of Justice",
      "url": "https://nij.ojp.gov/library/publications/ballistic-resistant-protective-materials-nij-standard-010801",
      "what_it_supports": "Standard title, issuing body, 1985 publication and ballistic performance scope.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-007",
      "title": "Police protective equipment: Standards",
      "publisher": "UK Home Office",
      "url": "https://ped-cast.homeoffice.gov.uk/index.php/standards/standards_display",
      "what_it_supports": "Portable Ballistic Protection for UK Police, publication 47/11.",
      "url_status": "unverified"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-008",
      "title": "Heraldic Dictionary",
      "publisher": "University of Notre Dame",
      "url": "https://rarebooks.library.nd.edu/digital/heraldry/index.html",
      "what_it_supports": "Heraldic shields and blazon as symbolic representations.",
      "url_status": "live"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "shield",
        "name": "Shield",
        "description": "Which shield.",
        "rationale": "Type first.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "type",
            "name": "Type",
            "description": "Kind.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "type",
                "name": "Type",
                "description": "Kind and period.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which type?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "From which period and culture?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "object",
            "name": "Object",
            "description": "Specimen.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "specimen",
                "name": "Specimen",
                "description": "Collection record.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which object?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Held by which museum?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "construction",
        "name": "Construction",
        "description": "Materials.",
        "rationale": "Materials matter.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "materials",
            "name": "Materials",
            "description": "Body.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "materials",
                "name": "Materials",
                "description": "Materials.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which materials?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Per which analysis?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "dimensions",
            "name": "Dimensions",
            "description": "Size and weight.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "dimensions",
                "name": "Dimensions",
                "description": "Values.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What size and weight?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Measured by whom?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Function.",
        "rationale": "Uses changed.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "historical-use",
            "name": "Historical use",
            "description": "Warfare.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "use",
                "name": "Use",
                "description": "Description.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How was it used?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Per which source?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "modern-use",
            "name": "Modern use",
            "description": "Policing.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "rating",
                "name": "Rating",
                "description": "Standard and level.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which protection rating?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Per which standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "symbolism",
        "name": "Symbolism",
        "description": "Heraldry and art.",
        "rationale": "Shields carry symbols.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "heraldry",
            "name": "Heraldry",
            "description": "Arms.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "arms",
                "name": "Arms",
                "description": "Blazon.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which arms are displayed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Per which armorial?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "decoration",
            "name": "Decoration",
            "description": "Art.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "decoration",
                "name": "Decoration",
                "description": "Description.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which decoration?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Per which catalogue?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "The registry merges 'human shield' (a legal and figurative term) and many named historical types; they need review."
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}