{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T23:20:26Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:03:09+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:26+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1326900", "registryId": "vr.tr.single-track-railway", "name": "single-track railway", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.BLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1326900/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.single-track-railway", "name": "single-track railway", "purpose": "Let an agent explain single-track railways and how trains are safely operated on them, relay signalling and capacity principles, identify examples and their operation, and distinguish single track from double and multiple track lines.", "definition": "A railway line with a single track used by trains in both directions, so that trains must pass at stations or passing loops under signalling and safeworking systems such as tokens, track circuits or radio-based control; single-track railways are common on rural, mountain and lightly used lines, such as Line 4 of the Luxembourg railways, and their capacity is limited by the number and spacing of passing places.", "what_it_is_for": "Rail service where traffic does not justify double track.", "affordances": [ "explain operation and safeworking", "relay capacity principles", "identify examples", "distinguish from multi-track lines" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Bidirectional single track", "Passing loops", "Safeworking systems", "Capacity limits" ], "appearance": "A railway with one track and occasional passing loops at stations.", "visual_identification": [ "One track for both directions", "Passing loops and token or signal control", "Double track has a track per direction; a single-track section may exist within a larger line" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Track gauge", "unit": "millimetre", "typical_range": "", "note": "Gauge is measured between the inner rail faces at the reference position specified by the applicable railway standard." }, { "quantity": "Route length", "unit": "kilometre", "typical_range": "", "note": "Route length is measured along the railway alignment between defined endpoints." }, { "quantity": "Passing loop usable length", "unit": "metre", "typical_range": "", "note": "Usable length is measured between the operational clearance limits that constrain the length of a train accommodated in a passing loop." }, { "quantity": "Longitudinal gradient", "unit": "percent", "typical_range": "", "note": "Gradient is determined from the surveyed change in elevation divided by horizontal distance along a specified section." } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "rural and branch lines", "mountain and scenic lines", "single-track sections of main lines", "single-track metro and light rail lines", "specific lines such as Line 4 of the CFL" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "railway line", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "double-track railway", "why": "one track per direction" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "passing loop", "why": "for trains to cross" }, { "relation": "is controlled by", "target": "railway signalling", "why": "and safeworking systems" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "National railway safety regulations", "Signalling and safeworking standards", "Interoperability rules in the EU" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Head-on collision risk if safeworking fails", "Delays cascading from single points", "Capacity constraints" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Describe single-track lines and how passing is controlled, from railway sources.", "Report timetables and delays from the operator's official data." ], "must_not": [ "Issue or override movement authority for a train without being the authorized signaller.", "Tamper with signals, tokens or track circuits.", "Present two trains as safe to occupy the same section in planning or simulation.", "Enter the track or let others do so outside authorised crossings." ], "requires_human": [ "Any change to train movements or safeworking arrangements.", "Reopening a section after an incident." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Head-on collisions on single lines have killed many people; safeworking exists to prevent them.", "Rural single lines are often lifelines for remote communities." ], "affected_parties": [ "Passengers and crews", "Track workers", "Communities served" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The railway infrastructure manager; the national rail safety authority regulates it.", "master_systems": [ "Railway infrastructure registers" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q1326900: single-track railway", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326900", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Single-track railway", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-track_railway", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "How single track works.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and layout.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a single-track railway, and how are passing loops arranged?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the line single track throughout or only in sections?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "safeworking", "name": "Safeworking", "description": "Safeworking.", "findings": [ { "id": "safeworking-finding", "name": "Safeworking", "description": "Safeworking.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do token, staff, track circuit and radio-based systems prevent collisions?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits railway signalling?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operate", "name": "Operate", "description": "Capacity and timetabling.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "capacity", "name": "Capacity", "description": "Capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "capacity-finding", "name": "Capacity", "description": "Capacity.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is capacity determined by loop spacing and train speeds?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What capacity applies to the line in question?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "timetabling", "name": "Timetabling", "description": "Timetabling.", "findings": [ { "id": "timetabling-finding", "name": "Timetabling", "description": "Timetabling.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are timetables planned so trains cross at loops?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety and accidents.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "accidents", "name": "Accidents", "description": "Accidents.", "findings": [ { "id": "accidents-finding", "name": "Accidents", "description": "Accidents.", "questions": [ { "text": "What accidents have occurred on single-track lines, and what did investigations recommend?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits railway accident investigation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards", "name": "Standards", "description": "Standards.", "findings": [ { "id": "standards-finding", "name": "Standards", "description": "Standards.", "questions": [ { "text": "What safety standards govern single-track operation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Examples and upgrades.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "examples", "name": "Examples", "description": "Examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "examples-finding", "name": "Examples", "description": "Examples.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which notable single-track lines exist, such as Line 4 in Luxembourg?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific line?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "upgrades", "name": "Upgrades", "description": "Doubling and upgrades.", "findings": [ { "id": "upgrades-finding", "name": "Upgrades", "description": "Upgrades.", "questions": [ { "text": "When are lines doubled or given more loops, and how are decisions made?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits railway capacity planning?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should passing loop and token working be separate entries?", "How should safety standards be linked?", "The registry entry has merged an alias for a specific Luxembourg line; should it be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }