{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T09:36:52Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a094f8-bda2-71c2-ab87-db3809b1abc7\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: extractivism\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 043: 1001 re", "usd": 0.0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 88.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a094f8-bd9e-7c51-8f76-c6d8165d31f4\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: extractivism\nRegistry id: vr.tr.extractivism\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:48:24+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:26+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1385203", "registryId": "vr.tr.extractivism", "name": "extractivism", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1385203/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.extractivism", "name": "extractivism", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify and compare claims of extractivism, assess resource appropriation and its consequences, and evaluate proposed interventions under explicitly attributed definitions.", "definition": "Extractivism is a contested concept in political ecology and development studies describing an economic and political arrangement centred on large-scale or intensive appropriation of natural resources, usually exported with little processing, with broader interpretations emphasising unequal control over territories, labour and benefits.", "scope_statement": "This model owns vr.tr.extractivism in ACT / ACT.ACT as a contested concept describing patterns of resource appropriation and their political-economic organisation, with classification tied to a stated interpretation, territory, period and scale.", "in_scope": [ "Competing definitions, their proponents, operational criteria and disputed extensions", "Resource removal, ecological intensity, processing and export orientation", "Control over resource access, commodity chains and distribution of benefits", "Territorial authority, affected livelihoods and attributed ecological consequences", "Dependence on extraction, political justification and proposed transitions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Engineering specifications for mines, wells, plantations or fishing equipment", "Physical and chemical properties of extracted substances", "Complete models of capitalism, colonialism or international trade", "General theories of exploitation and the resource curse", "Detailed legal instruments and procedures governing individual concessions", "Standalone models of data extraction or cultural appropriation" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require an attributed definition: an activity being called extractive does not by itself establish extractivism.", "Under Gudynas's operational definition, test large volume or high intensity, limited processing and an export share of at least 50%; this is his working criterion, not a universal threshold. [Extractivisms: Tendencies and consequences](https://gudynas.com/wp-content/uploads/GudynasExtractivismsTendenciesConsquences18.pdf)", "Test resource appropriation beyond underground deposits: export agriculture, forestry and fisheries can qualify, so renewable resources do not automatically fall outside the concept. [Extractivisms: Tendencies and consequences](https://gudynas.com/wp-content/uploads/GudynasExtractivismsTendenciesConsquences18.pdf)", "Separate identifying an extractivist pattern from demonstrating harm: pollution alone does not satisfy every definition, and classification alone does not prove a particular impact.", "Record state ownership and redistribution separately from classification; Gudynas distinguishes progressive neo-extractivism through state involvement and use of surplus without treating these as an exit from extraction. [Extractivisms: Tendencies and consequences](https://gudynas.com/wp-content/uploads/GudynasExtractivismsTendenciesConsquences18.pdf)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Definition and attribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Definition linked to author or claimant, source, date and stated criteria", "why_it_matters": "Makes competing classifications intelligible and prevents one school's criteria from becoming an unstated default." }, { "name": "Unit of assessment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Project, commodity chain, territory, national development strategy; explicit period", "why_it_matters": "A project assessment cannot automatically establish the character of an entire economy." }, { "name": "Resource appropriation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Resource-specific tonnes/year or cubic metres/year; associated material removal recorded separately", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes saleable output from the total physical disturbance associated with obtaining it." }, { "name": "Ecological intensity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Separately reported land disturbance, water consumption, energy use and pollutant loads per period and per unit output", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison of burdens without treating all resources and ecosystems as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Export orientation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percentage of assessed resource output exported; physical or monetary denominator, boundary and period specified", "why_it_matters": "Tests export-based definitions while exposing changes caused by prices, aggregation or intermediate processing." }, { "name": "Processing before export", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Raw, concentrated, refined, manufactured, mixed or unresolved; transformation steps specified", "why_it_matters": "Makes the contested boundary of limited processing reviewable." }, { "name": "Effective resource control", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Actors linked to access, ownership, finance, operation, purchasing and territorial decision powers", "why_it_matters": "Shows who can direct appropriation or capture its proceeds beyond formal ownership." }, { "name": "Dependence on resource revenues", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Resource shares of exports, public revenue and employment, reported separately over time", "why_it_matters": "Identifies different constraints on reducing extraction without collapsing them into one dependence score." }, { "name": "Classification status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Supported under named definition, not supported under named definition, contested or insufficient evidence", "why_it_matters": "Preserves uncertainty and allows different definitions to yield different outcomes." } ], "affordances": [ "Evaluate the same case under multiple attributed definitions and explain divergent classifications", "Trace extracted resources to processors, buyers, revenue recipients and affected territories", "Identify missing evidence that could change an extractivism classification", "Compare claimed development benefits with measured outcomes and their distribution", "Assess whether a proposed reform changes extraction, dependence, control or only the allocation of proceeds", "Identify decisions requiring participation, authority or additional evidence before recommending action" ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain the concept of extractivism and the debates around it, showing several perspectives.", "Summarize data on resource projects and their social and environmental impacts from reliable sources." ], "must_not": [ "Present a contested concept as neutral fact or as a settled verdict on a country's economy.", "Expose the identities or locations of land defenders or activists.", "Help a project hide its environmental or social impacts from affected communities or regulators." ], "requires_human": [ "Publishing allegations against named companies or officials about resource projects." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Resource extraction can displace communities and damage land that people depend on.", "Land and environmental defenders face threats and violence in many places." ], "affected_parties": [ "Indigenous and local communities", "Land defenders", "Workers in extractive industries" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody owns the concept; scholars and movements debate it.", "master_systems": [] }, "what_it_is_for": [ "Extractivism is discussed in political ecology and development studies when economies depend on intensive resource removal and exports with limited processing.", "The concept supports comparisons of mining, hydrocarbon extraction, forestry and agricultural production through their effects on territories, labour and the distribution of benefits.", "Its use requires an attributed definition because researchers and affected communities differ over which activities and power relations it includes." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Intensive resource appropriation can degrade ecosystems and undermine livelihoods that depend on land and water.", "Unequal control over extraction can contribute to displacement, labour exploitation and conflict over resource revenues.", "Dependence on minimally processed exports can expose public finances and employment to commodity price fluctuations.", "Applying the label without an explicit definition can obscure differences between activities and misdirect proposed interventions." ], "facets_not_applicable": { "interfaces": "No single standard, law or official classification governs extractivism as an analytical concept, although particular extraction activities are regulated by jurisdiction.", "recognition": "Extractivism is an analytical concept that cannot be identified from visual appearance alone." } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q1385203: extractivism", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385203", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Extractivism", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractivism", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "definitions-and-instance-boundaries", "name": "Definitions and instance boundaries", "description": "Record what extractivism means in each assessment and which observations would establish or defeat that classification.", "rationale": "The disagreement over the concept's reach is part of what the agent must represent.", "layers": [ { "id": "attributed-interpretations", "name": "Attributed interpretations", "description": "Separate definitions, political characterisations and analytical extensions.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-holder-and-criteria", "name": "Definition holder and criteria", "description": "Record the claimant, exact conceptual commitments and evidence supporting the interpretation; treat broader applications as claims requiring their own sources.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who defines this case as extractivism, and which source states their necessary or sufficient conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "definition-holder-and-criteria-q01" }, { "text": "Does the definition concern material appropriation, an accumulation strategy, a territorial relationship or an explicitly argued extension?", "kind": "definition", "id": "definition-holder-and-criteria-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "case-boundaries", "name": "Case boundaries", "description": "Specify where, when and at what scale classification applies.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-and-counterexamples", "name": "Classification and counterexamples", "description": "Maintain a separate verdict for each definition and identify nearby cases that fail its criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the assessed instance a particular operation, commodity chain, territory or development strategy, and over which period?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "classification-and-counterexamples-q01" }, { "text": "Would domestic-oriented mining, subsistence harvesting or a highly processed export qualify under this definition, and why?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "classification-and-counterexamples-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "appropriation-and-commodity-destination", "name": "Appropriation and commodity destination", "description": "Make the physical and commercial criteria of resource appropriation observable.", "rationale": "The agent needs evidence connecting extraction scale, intensity, processing and destination.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-removal-and-intensity", "name": "Physical removal and intensity", "description": "Measure resource output and associated environmental pressures within explicit boundaries.", "findings": [ { "id": "appropriation-profile", "name": "Appropriation profile", "description": "Record removed resources, associated displaced materials and ecological pressures without substituting revenue for physical scale.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much resource and associated non-saleable material is removed annually, and what do the measurements exclude?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "appropriation-profile-q01" }, { "text": "Which local ecological baselines justify describing the operation as high-volume or high-intensity?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "appropriation-profile-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "processing-and-export-pathways", "name": "Processing and export pathways", "description": "Follow the resource through transformation and trade before assigning export orientation.", "findings": [ { "id": "destination-and-transformation-test", "name": "Destination and transformation test", "description": "Specify processing stages, export fractions and denominators so classification can be reproduced.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fraction of the assessed resource is exported, directly or through intermediaries, and how is that fraction calculated?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "destination-and-transformation-test-q01" }, { "text": "Which transformations occur before export, and why do they count as limited or substantial processing under the selected definition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "destination-and-transformation-test-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "control-surplus-and-dependence", "name": "Control, surplus and dependence", "description": "Represent how appropriation is organised and how its proceeds sustain firms, governments and livelihoods.", "rationale": "A political-economic assessment requires more than identifying the extracted commodity.", "layers": [ { "id": "resource-and-chain-control", "name": "Resource and chain control", "description": "Distinguish formal ownership from practical control over extraction and sale.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-and-benefit-map", "name": "Control and benefit map", "description": "Record actors controlling land access, finance, operations and market access alongside recipients of proceeds and bearers of costs.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who can determine extraction volume, resource access, financing conditions and sale terms?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "control-and-benefit-map-q01" }, { "text": "How are proceeds divided among workers, affected communities, firms and public authorities after identifiable costs and transfers?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "control-and-benefit-map-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-strategy-and-dependence", "name": "Development strategy and dependence", "description": "Assess the role of extraction in public budgets and development commitments.", "findings": [ { "id": "revenue-dependence-and-legitimation", "name": "Revenue dependence and legitimation", "description": "Record reliance on resource receipts and the arguments used to justify continuation or expansion.", "questions": [ { "text": "How dependent are exports, public expenditure and local employment on these resources, and how has that dependence changed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "revenue-dependence-and-legitimation-q01" }, { "text": "Who invokes jobs, redistribution, sovereignty or development to justify extraction, and what evidence supports the promised outcomes?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "revenue-dependence-and-legitimation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "territorial-authority-and-consequences", "name": "Territorial authority and consequences", "description": "Connect resource appropriation to affected territories, decision powers and evidenced consequences.", "rationale": "The model must distinguish claimed benefits and harms while recognising unequal authority over extraction decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "territorial-access-and-voice", "name": "Territorial access and voice", "description": "Identify overlapping territorial claims and the participation of affected groups.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-consent-and-contestation", "name": "Authority, consent and contestation", "description": "Record whose land and resource access change, whose decisions count and how agreement or opposition is evidenced.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which customary, Indigenous, communal, private or state claims overlap the extraction footprint and supporting infrastructure?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "authority-consent-and-contestation-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes information provision, consultation, consent, refusal and unresolved disagreement among affected groups?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authority-consent-and-contestation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "distributed-and-cumulative-effects", "name": "Distributed and cumulative effects", "description": "Assess consequences across populations, ecosystems and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "impact-attribution-and-distribution", "name": "Impact attribution and distribution", "description": "Separate observed changes from causal claims and identify who receives benefits or experiences burdens.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which livelihood, health, water, biodiversity or territorial changes are documented, and what supports attributing them to this extraction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "impact-attribution-and-distribution-q01" }, { "text": "How do benefits and burdens differ between groups, upstream and downstream places, and operating and post-closure periods?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "impact-attribution-and-distribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "reform-and-exit-pathways", "name": "Reform and exit pathways", "description": "Evaluate changes to extractivist practices and strategies against stated objectives.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish improved management, redistribution and structural transition when judging proposed action.", "layers": [ { "id": "intervention-mechanisms", "name": "Intervention mechanisms", "description": "Specify what each proposal changes and who has authority to implement it.", "findings": [ { "id": "reform-versus-structural-change", "name": "Reform versus structural change", "description": "Assess proposed changes to throughput, ownership, processing, revenue allocation and territorial power separately.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the proposal reduce appropriation or dependence, alter decision power, increase domestic processing or redistribute existing proceeds?", "kind": "action", "id": "reform-versus-structural-change-q01" }, { "text": "Which actors must decide or agree, and what evidence is missing before the agent can recommend implementation?", "kind": "action", "id": "reform-versus-structural-change-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transition-outcomes-and-displacement", "name": "Transition outcomes and displacement", "description": "Check whether reduced extraction persists without relocating burdens or undermining dependent livelihoods.", "findings": [ { "id": "transition-credibility", "name": "Transition credibility", "description": "Record alternatives, liabilities and indicators that distinguish substantive change from relabelling or geographic displacement.", "questions": [ { "text": "What replaces affected employment and public revenue, and who funds restoration and continuing liabilities?", "kind": "action", "id": "transition-credibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which indicators would show sustained reductions in extraction and dependence after accounting for imports, outsourcing and new extraction frontiers?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "transition-credibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The registry supplies no sense; this description assumes the political-economic concept rather than a particular extraction practice.", "Eduardo Gudynas and Alberto Acosta are prominent contributors to Latin American debates; their precise definitions and differences should be checked before attributing specific criteria.", "The listed kinds overlap, and the measurements are analytical proxies rather than a standard diagnostic test; there is no single settled operational definition." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of extractivism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Conventional extractivism, organised principally around private accumulation and commodity exports", "Neo-extractivism, combining continued resource extraction with stronger state participation and redistributive claims", "Mining extractivism", "Hydrocarbon extractivism", "Agrarian extractivism" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of extractivism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Analysing development strategies dependent on exports of minerals, hydrocarbons or agricultural commodities", "Comparing state-led and privately led resource economies", "Investigating conflicts over land, water, Indigenous territories and resource revenues", "Evaluating whether renewable-energy supply chains reproduce extractive development patterns", "Framing proposals for economic diversification and post-extractivist transitions" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of extractivism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Primary commodities' share of merchandise export value", "typical_range": "0-100; no universally accepted threshold identifies extractivism", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Domestic extraction of materials per year", "typical_range": "Varies by territory and material; tonnage alone does not establish extractivism", "unit": "tonnes/year" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of extractivism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Habitat loss, pollution and depletion or degradation of water and soil", "Dispossession, displacement and violations of Indigenous or community rights", "Dependence on volatile commodity prices and concentrated export markets", "Concentration of economic benefits while environmental and social costs fall on producing territories", "Conceptual overextension when any appropriation or unequal exchange is labelled extractivism without explicit criteria" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of extractivism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Latin American debates prominently distinguish conventional extractivism from neo-extractivism and examine their relationships with colonialism, development and redistribution.", "African resource debates often address related problems through concepts such as enclave economies, resource dependence and the resource curse; these are not interchangeable with extractivism.", "Some scholarship extends extractivism to finance, data and knowledge, while narrower approaches retain material resource extraction and export orientation as defining criteria." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of extractivism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Resource extraction", "difference": "Extraction is a physical activity; extractivism describes an organising economic and political pattern, so not every act of extraction qualifies." }, { "name": "Extractive industries", "difference": "This sectoral category commonly covers mining, oil and gas; extractivism can encompass agriculture and forestry and concerns relationships beyond industry classification." }, { "name": "Resource curse", "difference": "The resource curse concerns adverse outcomes associated with resource abundance or dependence; extractivism describes an arrangement whose existence does not require demonstrating those outcomes." }, { "name": "Rentier state", "difference": "A rentier state relies heavily on externally generated rents; extractivism concerns resource appropriation and can occur without those rents dominating state revenue." }, { "name": "Post-extractivism", "difference": "Post-extractivism concerns proposed transitions away from extractive dependence, rather than necessarily ending all resource extraction." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of extractivism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which additional political-ecology, decolonial and affected-community sources establish definitions that differ from Gudynas's operational account, and where do their classifications diverge?", "What sector-specific thresholds make large volume, high intensity and limited processing reproducible without imposing false equivalence across mining, agriculture, forestry and fisheries?", "How should export dependence be measured when resources cross borders through intermediaries or undergo substantial processing before export?", "Under which explicitly sourced interpretations do domestic-oriented appropriation, data extraction or knowledge appropriation count as extractivism rather than analogous neighbouring concepts?", "What evidence distinguishes a durable post-extractivist transition from cleaner operations, greater domestic value capture or displacement of extraction elsewhere?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }